Organ Transplant
This thesis paper is about organ transplant. This paper is going to provide information on the history organ transplants and what’s going on right now. The simple definition is this: the moving of an organ from one body to another or from a donor site on the patient's own body, for the purpose of replacing the recipient’s damaged or absent organ. Successful human transplants have a relatively long history of operative skills were present long before the necessities for post-operative survival were discovered. Rejection and the side effects, such as infection were and still is the key problem. Several apocryphal accounts of transplants exist well prior to the scientific understanding and advancements that would be necessary for them to have actually occurred. The Chinese physician Pien Chi'ao reportedly exchanged hearts between a man of strong spirit but weak will with one of a man of weak spirit but strong will in an attempt to achieve balance in each man. Roman Catholic accounts report the 3rd-century saints Damian and Cosmas as replacing the gangrenous leg of the Roman deacon Justinian with the leg of a recently deceased Ethiopian. The first successful corneal allograft transplant was performed in 1837 in a gazelle model; the first successful human corneal transplant, a keratoplastic operation, was performed by Eduard Zirm at Olomouc Eye Clinic, now Czech Republic, in 1905. Pioneering work in the surgical technique of transplantation was made in the early 1900s by the French surgeon Alexis Carrel, with Charles Guthrie, with the transplantation of arteries or veins. Their skilful anastomosis operations, the new suturing techniques, laid the groundwork for later transplant surgery and won Carrel the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. From 1902 Carrel performed transplant experiments on dogs. Surgically successful in moving kidneys, hearts and spleens, he was one of the first to identify the problem of rejection, which remained insurmountable for decades. As shown above, throughout history, organ transplants have been attempted for decades. These transplants weren’t always successful. This is the 20th century now, science has had lots of time to grow and to advance. Modern day scientists are now able to mostly perform successful organ transplants. Yet science will still advance and be better towards humanity in the future.