PART (1) REVIEW OF THE MOVIE
In this true story about a man named Christopher Gardner, Gardner has invested heavily in a device known as a "Bone Density scanner". He feels as if he has made these devices. However, they do not sell as they are marginally better than the current technology at a much higher price. As Gardner tries to figure out how to sell them, his wife leaves him; he loses his house, his bank account, and credit cards as well. Forced to live out in the streets with his son, Gardner is now desperate to find a steady job. Chris sees the chance to fight for a stockbroker internship position at Dean Witter, vying for one career in the end of six months training period without any salary with other twenty candidates and he sell his devices at the same time just to support the meals and needs of his son and himself in living.
There are two main characters in this movie, Chris Gardner (Will Smith) and Christopher (Jaden Smith). Since Christopher is portrayed as a five year old boy, his character does not give any huge contribution towards the development of the movie. Whereas, Chris Gardner is depicted as a real portrait of American man who really believes in the myth of material success and it is reflected through his way of thinking, attitude, and his action along the movie. Almost all parts of this movie describe about Chris Gardner’s struggle in pursuing his real and true happiness. PART (2) CONCEPTS

(1) MARS Model
MARS Model theories of Individual Behavior and Performance can be best reflected in the movie of The Pursuit of Happyness. MARS model is a model that seeks to explain individual behavior as a result of internal and external factors or influences acting together. The four elements of the MARS model are motivation, ability, role perceptions, and situational factors which are represented by the acronym MARS. These four factors are critical influences on an individual’s voluntary behavior and performance.
First of all, motivation represents the forces within a person that affects his or her direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior. Direction refers to the path along which people engage their effort. Motivation is goal-directed. Intensity is the amount of effort allocated to the goal. Intensity is all about how much people push themselves to complete a task. Persistence is the continuing the effort for a certain amount of time. Direction, persistence and intensity are cognitive and emotional conditions that directly cause us to move.
The second element is ability. Ability includes both the natural aptitudes and the learned capabilities required to successfully complete a task. Aptitudes are the natural talents that help employees learn specific tasks more quickly and perform them better. Learned capabilities are the skills and knowledge that currently possess.
The third element is role perceptions which are the extent to which people understand the job duties (roles) assigned to them or expected of them. There are three components in role perceptions, first is the understanding of their specific task assigned, the priority of the various tasks and performance expectations and lastly the preferred behaviors or procedures for accomplishing the assigned tasks.
Furthermore, the last element is situational factors which represent external influences on the individual’s behavior. Employees’ behavior and performance depend on how much the situation supports or interferes with their task goals. Situational factors include conditions beyond the employee’s immediate control that constrain or facilitate behavior and performance.
Scenes
Motivation
In fact, being poor and less educated did not stop Chris Gardner’s eagerness to achieve his dream. He met a well-dressed man driving a luxurious car, Ferrari. The short conversation between Chris Gardner and the Ferrari owner inspired Chris Gardner to achieve his dream in a way that he had never imagined before. Stockbroker was still something weird for Chris Gardner. Although he obviously did not know what kind of job a stockbroker was and how to run this job, he really wanted to try it. The dream of having a better life motivated him to grasp the higher dream to be a stockbroker.
Ability
Chris Gardner, eventually wondered in what way that the Ferrari owner could possess that luxurious car. The man once told him that he just need to have the ability of being good in numbers and good with people to be a stockbroker. Chris Gardner has the ability to be a stockbroker because he claimed that he is good in the both abilities needed.
Role perception
Without any money and his wife, he understands that being a stockbroker is all what he need to accomplish to have a better life. So, he has to make sales phone calls to get more contracts and also has to reach out for potential high value customers. He also realizes that maximizing his client contact lists can have more chances to get more potential high value customers. Thus, he is very clear with his roles (job duties) by bringing in the most money to get the position at Dean Witter after the 6 months internship.
Situational Factors
Although Gardner knew his role perception clearly, he still had to fight with other 19 competitors whom most of them had higher education background to get the position of being stockbroker. Besides that, he could barely afford to sustain his family expenses as he do not have much money left and he had to go through an unpaid internship which he is not sure that that stockbroker position is secured or not. He had to do two different job everyday just to be able to earn some money just to buy meals for him and his son. These are his limitation and also motivations that does not stop him to pursuit his life goals.
(2) Five Factor Personality and Organizational Behavior
Personality is the relatively enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize a person, along with the psychological processes behind those characteristics. The five personality dimension is conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extroversion.
Conscientiousness characterizes people who are careful, dependable, and hardworking. People with high conscientiousness tend to be on time or early for appointments, is highly responsible and work toward long term goals.
Agreeableness characterizes people who are courteous, good-natured, and caring. It is associated with performance in jobs where employees are expected to be cooperative and helpful, such as working in teams, customer relations, and other conflict-handling situation.
Neuroticism characterizes people with high levels of anxiety, depression, and self-consciousness. People with high in neuroticism often experience emotional instability and negative emotions. In contrast, people low in neuroticism (high emotional stability) is poised, secure, and calm.
Openness to experience is means people who like to learn new things and enjoy new experience. People high on the openness-to –experience personality dimension tend to be more creative and adaptable to change.
Extroversion characterizes people who are outgoing, talkative, sociable and assertive. Extroversion is associated with performance in sales and management jobs, where employees must interact with and influence people.
Scenes
Conscientiousness
In the film of the pursuit of happiness, the main character is hardworking and dependable. As we can see in the scene when he had to go through internship program at a brokerage firm which did not provide salary and at night he has to sell his devices in order to provide better life for his son. Other people spend nine hours to finish their work whereas he had to use six hours to finish it.
Agreeableness
The main character in the film of pursuit of happiness has characteristic of helpfulness. We can see in the scene when his manager keeps sending him out to get coffee. Although he misses precious time to make client calls but he does not complain and does as he is told.
Neuroticism
The main character is low in neuroticism. Despite of him losing everything, including his wife, he continues to honour his commitment as a loving and caring father, using the affection and trust his son has placed in him as an impetus to overcome the obstacles he faces.
Openness to experience
The main character in the film of pursuit of happiness is willing to learn new thing and enjoy new experience. In the scene of interview part, he answers that he wants to learn the business as a stockbroker and already started leaning on his own when the interviewer asks him. He also mentioned that “if I don’t know the answer, I will tell you that I don’t know”. But he promised that he knows how to find the answer and he will find the answer. Extroversion
In the film of the pursuit of happiness, the main character is talkative and sociable. In the football scene, Chris Gardner is trying to introduce about their company product to Mr. Ribbon but his suggestion had rejected by Mr. Ribbon. After the football game finished, Chris took initiatives to talk to a lot of different people in order to for him to get more chances to success in future. He also got a lot of business card from them there which will helps him in his work.

(3) Self-concept
Self-concept is referring to an individual’s self-beliefs and self-evaluation. In self-concept, it is divided into four which is self-enhancement, self-verification, self-evaluation and social- self. Based on the movie, it includes the self-enhancement which tends to rate themselves above average, when they get negative feedback, they will try to recall the positive feedback, attribute their successes to personal motivation or ability while blaming the situation for their mistake, and believe themselves that they have a better than average probability of success. It has both positive and negative consequences. For the positive consequences, people will have better personal adjustment and experience better metal and physical health when they view for the positive side. While for negative consequences, it is totally different from the positive consequences. Secondly, self-verification which provides an important anchor that guides his or her thoughts and action. People prefer the feedback which is more consistent with their self-concept even the feedback is dislike to other people. Lastly, self-efficiency means people believe that he or she has the ability to complete a task successfully. They believe using a right action of role perceptions and ability can complete a task successfully.
Scene
Self-enhancement
Based on the scene we can saw that Chris Gardner went to the interview after he came out from the jail, and during the interview he keep on promote himself to the interviewer such as he told the interviewer if he don’t know the answer he will told them he don’t know but he will found the answer out. This can apply to the theory of self-enhancement which always promoting and protecting his positive self-view to other people.
Self-verification
From the movie, one of the scene show us when a stockbroker come down from a Ferrari and Chris ask this guy what is his work and how can he do this. He told Chris he is a stockbroker and to become a stockperson no need go to university just need good in number and good in people than can become a stockbroker. This show that the guy have a high self-verification.

Self-efficiency
When Chris Gardner doing his internship as become a stockbroker, he keep on study and study even when he stay at the Glide Memorial United Methodist Church, after the light off he still keep on study under the street light. Besides, when he in his internship works he makes his phone sale call more efficiency than other people and when working he won’t drink any water so that he no need waste time to the toilet. Because he believes that if he can make more sales than he will have the high chance to become a stockbroker. This can apply to the theory of self-efficiency which believes that using the right role perception and ability can complete task successfully.
(4) ELVN model
EVLN model is the four ways of possible responses of people when facing dissatisfaction which are Exit, Voice, Loyalty and Neglect.
Exit is the response where people leaving the situation as a result of dissatisfaction.
Voice is another response that someone complaint about their dissatisfaction to the situation.
Loyalty is a response where the person is waiting for the situation to improve when facing dissatisfaction.
Neglect is a response that considering a passive activity that will have negative consequences for the organization.
Scene
Exit
In this movie, EVLN model is best illustrated by Gardner’s wife, Linda. Linda could no longer stand to live in poverty with Chris Gardner and eventually made up her mind to leave San Francisco to find a job in New York. She chooses to exit from Chris’s life. She thought that staying in New York would be able to change her life better-off than staying with her husband. She could not wait any longer for the situation to change better. When going through this hard life, Linda even decided to abandon her husband and her son. It seemed that actually she did not want to do it, but she did it since she had no other choice but to leave them alone. This shows that Linda used the neglect in the EVLN model which refers to reduce her effort in her life. She chose to reduce her effort by not fighting with Chris Gardner over the right of taking care of their son. Instead, she can focus on doing her job in New Work.
(5) Stressor ( Psychological harassment)
Before identifying ways to solve work-related stress, the causes of the stress must be identified first. Stressor includes any environmental conditions that places a physical or emotional demand on a person. Psychological harassment includes the repeated and hostile or unwanted conduct, verbal comments, actions or gestures, that affect an employee’s dignity or psychological or physical integrity and that result in a harmful work environment for employee
Scene
Gardner always faces stress especially psychological harassment in work place. In the movie, his officer during internship, Allan Prakesh often instructs Gardner to buy him coffee and doughnuts while Gardner is busying studying for the exam and making calls to find for potential clients. From these two scenes, Chris Gardner was asked by Allan Prakesh to fulfill what he needed because he was the only black American who worked in that internship program. These somehow illustrated the sense of discrimination towards black people.

PART (3) PROBLEM AND RECOMMENDATION
Problem (1)
Poverty
In this movie, poverty is an issue that exists in the society. Chris Gardner is not the only one who faces financial problem and stays in the shelter for homeless people. His wife, Linda eventually leaves him and the family because she is dissatisfied with the life in poverty.
Recommendation on poverty
Loyalty in EVLN model
Linda should not choose to leave Chris Gardner and her family because of the dissatisfaction. She should have stayed with her family and go through the difficult times with her husband. In other words, she should response to the dissatisfaction with loyalty in the EVLN model which refers to waiting for the situation to change. She should support her husband instead of leaving him and their son.
Problem (2)
Discrimination
Discrimination is a common issue that happens in all countries which can be based on the gender or races or even other factors. In this movie, discrimination happens in the workplace where Chris Gardner is having his internship. Chris Gardner is a black American while his manager, Allan Parkash is a white American. Chris Gardner would be the one who being instructed every time Allan Parkash needs someone to do him a favour. This is one of the reasons that made Chris Gardner feel stressed.
Recommendation On Discrimination
Voice and Royalty in EVLN model
The internship officer should have treated everyone fairly and not have any discrimination against skin colour. As an internship officer, everyone has equal rights and opportunities to fight for the position of being a stock broker at Dean Witter Company. As a higher management, he also should seek the qualities (abilities) of his employees that are suitable to meet the company goals and not the skin colour of his employee for personal reasons. Chris Gardner can choose to voice out his dissatisfaction for being discriminated by complaining this issue to his manager to the higher management or choose to be loyal and wait for the situation to change, as time goes by, the manager might change his perception on black American and accept Chris Gardner as a part of the group.
Problem (3)
Stressful Working Environment
In the company, Dean Witter brokerage firm, everyone in the workplace are busy with their work and is full of stress. Most of the stockbrokers work in the company individually and the communication between each other seems very less. This kind of working environment may cause a lot of stress within the employees and may cause bad impact on employees’ physiological, psychological and emotional condition. For example, someone who has a lot of stress tends to get angry or frustrated easily which in turn will affect their performance in their job.
Recommendation to stressful working environment
Work-life Balance
The company should help their employees to cope with the stress they have in the workplace. For example, they may introduce the work-life balance system to the organization. This is to make sure that the employees are able to balance their personal life and their work life. Employees should have enough rest such as leisure time to carry out activities other than just working. By doing so, the stress level in the workplace may be reduced and the performance of employees may be increase consequently.

PART (4) CONCLUSION
In this movie of The Pursuit of Happyness, the main character, Chris Gardner clearly reflects a person with strong will and determinacy in achieving his goal. Chris Gardner was burdened by his poverty and education background. Still, these limitations did not stop him from pursuing his dream to be a stockbroker. He was confident that he had an equal opportunity to be whoever he wanted to be. Chris Gardner had to face many difficulties during his struggle in pursuing his dream to be a stockbroker, such as being sent to the jail, abandoned by his wife, paying taxes, and being homeless with his son. In fact at the end of the story, Chris Gardner was able to prove himself that he could overcome the obstacles by working hard. Chris Gardner was eventually accepted as a stockbroker in Dean Witter brokerage firm after going through his long restless struggle. He deserved to obtain those rewards that he attained the hard way because he had an innate goodness within him.
Chris Gardner was not only portrayed as a hard worker but also a virtuous person in the movie. He was depicted to have virtues such as intelligence, self-discipline, high responsibility, and earnestness. Chris Gardner, being proactive and less ambitious in pursuing his dream, was very persistent in obtaining what he wanted. He was not able to get any client even after two-months of working there. Eventually, Chris Gardner took an initiative to approach the CEO, the highest position authority of the company. For a person who lacked experience like Chris Gardner, he was brave enough to make an appointment with the CEO of the company. Therefore, his persistence had motivated him to take on a new challenge that would not have been thought by other competitors. The luck was only in a minimum because his success did not rely fully on his luck. Chris Gardner was lucky enough when, Walter Ribbon, the CEO of Pacific Bell company, offered Chris to watch the football game together with him. His good bond with Walter Ribbon in the long run assisted him in attracting 31 other employers in Pacific Bell Company and he was able to widen his network through them.