...Executive Summary This report discusses and examines employee motivation in an IT organisation. The report examines the benefits of employee motivation followed by the various theories concerning motivation. The initial portion of the report focuses on the benefits of employee motivation which is followed by a discussion of motivation theories – content theories and process theories. The report further tries to outline the various options or methods followed by organisations to drive higher levels of motivation among the workforce. The methods included in the report addresses the various rewards and recognition options, use of scorecards, fun and recreational activities, communication channels, learning and growth opportunities and corporate social responsibility as methods to effectively drive employee motivation levels. The report recommends the establishment of a basic framework with respect to hygiene factors of a workplace in order to successfully drive initiatives to motivate workforce. Further, the report concludes on the note that various other factors including cultural, political, social and spiritual needs should be considered while arriving at a combination of methods to drive higher levels of motivation. Success of the initiative would depend upon the appropriateness of technique and timeliness beyond other factors. Table of Contents Executive Summary ..........................................................................................
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...Division of Business | Course: HND Level 5 Business (management) | Year: 2015/16 | Student Name: | UNIT 03: Organisations and Behavior | Lecturers Name: Dr O. Shittu | Date Issued: 25th of April 2016 | Completion Date: 20th of July 2016 | Fail Pass Merit Distinction P11.1 | P21.2 | P31.3 | P41.4 | P52.1 | P62.2 | P72.3 | P82.4 | P93.1 | P103.2 | P113.3 | P123.4 | P134.1 | P144.2 | P154.3 | P164.4 | M1 | M2 | M3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | | Learning Outcomes: 1 Understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture 2 Understand different approaches to management and leadership 3 Understand ways of using motivational theories in organisations 4 Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations. Comments:Assessor’s Signature:______________ Referred Date:______________ | Late: Yes No | Internal Verification: Yes No | I declare that the work I am submitting for assessment contains no sections in copied in whole or part from any other source, unless it is explicitly identified by means of quotation mark or by means of wholly indented paragraphs. I declare that I have also acknowledged such quotations by providing detailed references in an approved format. I understand that unidentified and un-referenced copying both constitutes plagiarism which is an offence. I give my consent for my work...
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...[pic] ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR 550 Course Title: Masters of Science in Project Management Lecturer: Maureen Boland Word Count 2,791 Assignment 2 Individual Analysis: Assessing and Developing Emotional Intelligence Student: Abraham L. Maker Student No15449342 5th May. 11 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION: 3 PART 1: - SELF ASSESSMENT USING SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES 3 IPIP Introversion-Extroversion Scale 3 The scales of money attitudes 4 TWO “TEAM PROCESSES” SELF-ASSESSMENTS 4 Team Roles Preference Scale 4 Team Player Inventory 5 TWO “ORGANISATIONAL PROCESSES” SELF-ASSESSMENTS 5 Tolerance of Change Scale 5 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE 6 Emotional Empathy Scale 6 PART 2: - OVERVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE 6 Job Satisfaction and Performance Practices 6 Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation 6 Zest in the Workplace 7 Prima Donnas” in the Workplace 8 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE 8 Mechanistic vs. Organic Structures 8 Tolerance to Change 9 PART 3: - APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS 9 Organisational Structure and Tolerance to Change 10 CONCLUSION 10 REFERENCES: 11 INTRODUCTION The point of this report is to develop some insights into self-assessment tools as a technique for self-evaluation and improvement, as part of continual improvement and professional learning. In addition, through use of the self-assessment...
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...Understanding Organisational Behaviour IB1230 Compare and contrast the contributions of Taylor and Ford to our understanding of organizational behaviour at work Introduction: For this essay it is very important to understand just what organisational behaviour is: ‘the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations’ (nwlink, 2011). Our early understanding of management can attributed to the work of Taylor and Ford, in particular Taylor can be considered to be the first person to have broken down the concept of management into scientifically backed steps, laying down a blueprint for organisations the world over to follow. Taylor is considered to have fathered the idea of ‘scientific management’, which is also sometimes known as ‘Taylorism’. This is a theory that breaks down every task into small steps, which are then easily analysed and taught, the main purpose being to increase efficiency (BusinessDictionary, 2013). Fordism (the term referring to Ford’s style of work) refers to a management style ‘based on bureaucratic organization, hierarchical decision-making with strict functional specialization and tightly defined job design (scientific management) and specialized machinery to mass produce a standard product for mass markets’ (McKinlay & Starkey, 1998, p.113). There are five main elements in organisational behaviour: leadership, motivation principles, team & teamwork, managing organisational conflict, politics & negotiation...
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...and motivation. The essay will study the fundamentals of employee motivation, to accomplish consequential productivity in a workplace. This essay is based on one aspect which is motivation in this case of organisational behaviour. The essay will demonstrate the relevance and significance of motivational aspect of organisational behaviour within the workplace. Lastly, the essay will provide recommendations for organisational effectiveness with concerns to motivation by applying the understanding of hypothetical theory. There are various theories about motivation that will be debated below. Though, it is not possible to identify a precise theory that delivers a single universal realism. Motivation is a compound perception influenced by many individual and situational variables. The basic procedure of motivational procedure is what takes to inspire people to work. According to Hellriegel & Slocum (2007) When deal with there are four different approaches they are as follows meeting the basic need of the employee, designing jobs that motivate people, rewards available when meet the expectation of the organisation and lastly treating people equitably. So, before we analyse the process of motivation it necessary to understand the definition of motivation. Motivation “is a process which starts or improves organisational behaviours, encourages an outgoing activity and directs activities towards specific targets” (Masden, K.B, 1968). According to Mullins, L. (2007) Motivation can...
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...Motivation in the Work Place Varying employee needs lead to different kinds of motivation. Different kinds of motivation influence employees’ job satisfaction. Employees’ motivation will be affected by factors such as occupation, gender, social culture and organisational structure. This study will attempt to explore the differences in motivation between core-workers and periphery workers, and whether these differences in motivators are distinctive. The literature revealed that similar motivators may not be necessarily applicable to employees working at different levels but most of the literary work did confirm that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation leads to job satisfaction in the work place. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate and ascertain whether there are distinctive motivators for employees working at different levels in the work place. The literature review enabled the researcher to understand the various theories of motivation and the environmental and cultural influences on motivational approaches. The research paradigm which is primarily derived from the positivists’ philosophy helped the researcher to test the formulated hypothesis based on the literature review. The researcher developed an online questionnaire to collect primary data regarding the motivational levels in the work place, with the intent of exploring each individual’s motivation in their respective positions. The questionnaire was distributed using email in the UK. The responses from...
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...Introduction 11 1.1a Compare and contrast different organisational structure 11 to 14 1.1b Fords organisational structure 1.1c Google’s organisational structure 12 1.1d Comparing organisational structures 1.1e Compare and contrast different organisational culture 13 1.1f Ford’s organisational culture 1.1g Google’s organisational culture 1.1h Comparing the organisational culture 14 1.2a Relationship between organisational structure and culture 14 1.2b Impact on the performance of a business 1.3 Factors that influence behaviour at work 15 2.1a Effectiveness of different leadership styles 15 to 16 2.1b Ford’s leadership style 2.1c Google’s leadership style 2.1d Comparing leadership styles 16 2.2 Organisational theory 16 2.3a Different approaches to management 17 to 18 2.3b Ford’s management approach 2.3c Implications of Ford’s management approach on Martin Air Con 2.3d Google’s management approach 2.3e Implications of Google’s management approach on Martin Air Con 18 3.1 Different leadership styles and effects on motivation 18 3.2a Motivational theories and implications...
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...Knowledge sharing in organisational contexts: a motivation-based perspective Alice Lam and Jean-Paul Lambermont-Ford Abstract Purpose – Facilitating knowledge sharing within organisations is a difficult task: the willingness of individuals to share and integrate their knowledge is one of the central barriers. This paper aims to develop a motivation-based perspective to explore how organisations resolve the social dilemma of knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis builds on a three-category taxonomy of motivation, adding ‘‘hedonic’’ motivation to the traditional dichotomy of ‘‘extrinsic’’ and ‘‘intrinsic’’ motivation. It uses case studies gleaned from the literature to explore the interactive effects between the different motivators in two different types of knowledge-intensive organisations: professional bureaucracy and operating adhocracy. Findings – Within a professional bureaucracy, the social dilemma of knowledge sharing may be overcome through normative motivation, with provision of hedonic motivation through extrinsic incentives such as training and career progression. In an operating adhocracy where interdependent teamwork is vital, it may be overcome through normative alignment reinforced by intensive socialisation. Extrinsic motivators that align with hedonic motivation may also reinforce the propensity for knowledge sharing. In both organisational types, financial extrinsic incentives do not appear to be relevant on their own, and may ‘‘crowd...
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... | | | |Yuling Zhang(19041245) | |2010/4/17 | |Understanding and Managing Organisations | Contents Contents 2 Introduction: 3 Total Reward and theories: 4 Intrinsic rewards more important: 5 The impacts of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation: 6 Cognitive evaluation theory (CET) in motivational approach: 6 Self-perception theory in attributional approach 7 Behavioural approach: 7 Performance management, high performance working and reward strategy: 8 Other noteworthy points when rewarding: 9 Case study: 10 Conclusion: 11 Reference: 12 How to best reward the employees? Introduction: Given that people is highly emphasized on as a key element of an organisation's competitive advantage, pay sometimes function as a tool to exchange for talented employee's commitment and loyalty. It has been pointed out that reward systems can affect several human resource processes and practises...
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...The key function of managers is 'getting things done' through employees. The following assignment looks at the role of motivation and why it is essential for managers to be aware of the various motivational theories and how the motivational theories could be implemented in a professional context to achieve organisation's goals and objectives. Motivation has been defined as: the psychological process that gives behaviour purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995); a predisposition to behave in a purposive manner to achieve specific, unmet needs (Buford, Bedeian, & Lindner, 1995); an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994); and the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993). Organisations exist to achieve corporate objectives and employees working in those organisations aide in achieving those objectives by working towards their individual goals and targets. In an ideal world, if every individual was providing his best performance then organisational goals would be met sooner too; however in the real world it is often not the case. Organisations lag behind and more often than not the reason is a demotivated staff. An understanding of the basic human nature is important for effective employee motivation in the workplace and also for effective management and leadership. Struggling with your essay? We can help! We can help get your coursework back on track, take a look at our services to learn more about how we can help. Custom Written Work Guaranteed on Time ...
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...Submitted on | 7th February 2014 | 17th April 2014 | | | Assignment title | Comparative study of Organisational Behaviour of two chosen organisations | LearningOutcome | Assessment Criteria | In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to: | Task no. | Evidence(page nos.) | LO1Understand the relationshipbetween organisationalstructure and culture | 1.1 | compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture | 1 | | | 1.2 | explain the relationship between an organisation’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business | 1 | | | 1.3 | discuss the factors that affect individual behaviour at work | 2 | | LO2 Understand differentapproaches to managementand leadership | 2.1 | compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisations | 3 | | | 2.2 | explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of management | 3 | | | 2.3 | evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisations | 3 | | LO3 Understand ways of usingmotivational theories inorganisations | 3.1 | discuss the impact that different leadership styles may have on motivation in organisations in periods of change | 4 | | | 3.2 | compare the application of different motivational theories within the workplace | 4 | | | 3.3 | evaluate the usefulness of a motivation theory for managers | 4 | | LO4 Understand mechanisms fordeveloping effectiveteamwork in organisations...
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...Theories of Motivation: Vroom’s Valence-Expectancy Theory If you were a manager, wouldn’t you like to know how your employees decide to work hard or goof off? Wouldn’t it be nice to know whether a planned rewards program will have the desired effect—namely, motivating them to perform better in their jobs? Wouldn’t it be helpful if you could measure the effect of bonuses on employee productivity? These are the issues considered by psychologist Victor Vroom in his expectancy theory, which proposes that employees will work hard to earn rewards that they value and that they consider obtainable. There are three variables of Vroom’s model given in the form of an equation. Since the mode is multiplicative, all the three variables must have high positive values to imply motivated performance choices. If any of the variables approaches zero, the probability of motivated performance approaches zero. Motivation = Valence*Expectancy*instrumentality Valence is the strength of an individual’s preference for a reward, The value attached to a goal or reward is subjective as it varies from person to person Thus, the total range of valence is from –1 to +1. Expectancy is the probability that particular action will lead to a desired reward Since, it is an association between effort and performance, its value may range from 0 to 1. if the individual feels that chances of achieving an outcome are zero, he will not even try. On the other hand, if expectancy is higher, the individual...
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...Organisational Behaviour in Hospitality Industry BY GORICA STANISIC NOVEMBER 20, 2013 Lashley and Morrison (2000) have produced definition of hospitality industry; which they see it as, compromises of commercial organisations that specialise in providing accommodation, food and drink through voluntary exchange, and highlighted that the issue of human exchange is a hart of the hospitality concept. Barrows and Powers (2009) have pointed out that hospitality industry includes hotels and restaurants and other kinds of institutions that offer shelter or food or both of them to people away from their homes. Research conducted by Hayes and Ninemeier (2009) have stated that hospitality industry has often been described as a people business. Hospitality industry is UK’S fifth largest employer and plays vital role in UK industry, employing more than 2.4 million people. Hilton Hotels Corporation is the leading global hospitality company with more than 3,000 hotels in over 74 countries (Hilton Worldwide; 2012). Understanding group behaviour in an organisational environment is a challenge and great managerial tasks. A leading author, Mullins (2007) has pointed out that organisational behaviour is concerned with study of the behaviour of the people within organisation. In his research Singh (2007) argued that organisational behaviour is a way of thinking and it is directly concerned with understanding, prediction, and control of human behaviour and application...
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...Task 1.1 Draw on the content from module 1 and 2 to conduct a critical analysis of the two job related attitudes: job satisfaction and organisational commitment as they manifest in this case. Work related attitudes are thought of as an important measure of tendencies that an employee may have towards: another person, event, product or process (Marr 2002). The most commonly analysed attitudes at work are: Job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Job satisfaction being the degree to which individuals feel positively or negatively about their work (Wood et al 2013) and can be thought of as an emotional state resulting from a self evaluation of job experiences (Locke 1976) Organisational commitment is the sharing of beliefs and values of an organisation (Meyer & Allen 1991). Hulin (1991) noted considerable overlap between the two attitudes: job satisfaction and organisational commitment, the only difference being their targets, the target of job satisfaction being the satisfaction of one position and the target of organisation commitment being the organisations success (Hulin 1991) In the “Geeks of Chic’ case study there are many work attitudes displayed which indicate different levels of job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Organisational change through the amalgamation, downsizing, remuneration, promotion and hiring processes has been the contributing factor to the varying attitudes and commitment. The local government team is made of 6 people the leader:...
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...1, 2, 3 | | | Contents Executive Summary 3 1- Introduction 4 1.1 Background to the report 4 1.2 Scope 4 1.3 Aims 5 2- Discussion 6 2.1 Organizational Justice 6 2.2 Perception errors 7 2.3 Stress 7 2.4 Exit-Voice- loyalty-Neglect model 8 2.5 Team work 8 2.6 Motivation 9 3- Literature review 9 3.1 Organizational Justice 9 3.2 Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory 12 3.3 Expectancy theory 14 4- Solutions and suggestions 18 4.1 Organisational Justice 18 4.2 Stress 19 4.3 Improving feedback process 20 5- Conclusion 21 References 23 Executive Summary There are three purposes for this report. It attempts to indentify the problems in the case study Not as Easy as 1, 2, 3. Accordingly, it discusses about six main problems in ABC consulting firm that have negative impact on the organization effectiveness and the productivity of the objectives. These problems are; ABC consulting organization failed in implemented the organizational justice. Next one is the perception errors of Janet, the client manager and human resource director. The third problem is George...
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