...CASE STUDY “When we examine [organizational] culture and leadership closely, we see that they are two sides of the same coin; neither can really be understood by itself. On the one hand, cultural norms define how a given nation or organizations will define leadership – who will be promoted, who will get the attention of followers. On the other hand, it can be argued that the only thing of real importance that leaders do is to create and manage culture; that the unique talent of leadership is their ability to understand and work with culture; and that it is an ultimate act of leadership to destroy culture when it is viewed as dysfunctional”. Executive Summary Many researchers have tried to explore the relationship between leadership style and organizational culture but they have not been able examine these two factors together. Hence they could not establish any relationship between the two factors. This case study tries to explore these two factors together to identify the cause and effect relation between the two variables. This case study would be trying to develop theoretical patterns from a critical literature review. Firms are focusing more on improving the organizational culture and motivational level of employees but improving the leadership that influences greatly affect both these elements. It is believed that internally satisfaction among the employees leads to better utilization of resources by the firm. This internal satisfaction in employees can only...
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...management, marketing, and customer relation strategies, and Haier still faces challenges in improving its brand name especially in international markets, expanding its market share, and building effective channels in its new markets. However, what I’m pretty interested in is Haier’s HR strategy. Self-managed team is not a new term in organizational behavior, but Haier may be the first company that brings the term to live in China. It is an exciting sign for shifting trends in China. Session 2: Facts in Haier self-managed team implementation Chinese culture of hierarchy influences organizations profoundly, and Haier is absolutely a pioneer that breaks the traditional hierarchy-oriented organizational structure. * Self-managed team structure changes employees’ perception “I am my own CEO, and everything that I do can make a difference to the organization.” Feng Zhao, a leader of Haier’s self-managed team said. This is a valuable change of employee’s perception. Many research shows that employees’ perception can change their behavior, thus greatly influence their performance, which will ultimately make a difference in organizational effectiveness. In traditional Chinese organizations, especially in which hierarchy plays an important role, entry employees find it’s difficult to be motivated because of strict chain of command and ambiguous job description. But here in self-managed teams, everyone plays an important role that can bring significant changes to the...
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...The assigned chapter for the week in the Northouse text proved a timely resource in the topic of introducing and maintaining leadership development in the organization. According to Northouse (2010), the psychodynamic approach to leadership emphasizes the importance of the leader, and follower I might add, becoming aware of their personality types and their implications on work and relationships. One cannot improve what one does not work on. This takes intentional effort. Especially as the landscape of the organization and subsequently, leadership has changed in recent times. Macoby (2007) argues for the notion of social character as a way of looking at leadership in terms of the psychology of followers. He defines social character as "macro personality based on the emotional attitudes and values shared by people in a certain context." Maccoby (2007) contends that there has been a shift in the social character of our times which has resulted in movement away from an industrial economy to a knowledge-based one. Here, formal hierarchical organizations are giving way to networks, collaborations and more of a horizontal structure. Persons in organizations today no longer want to be mere followers but collaborators in a joint effort between leaders and "what were once followers" (Northouse). They favor continual improvement and creativity as opposed to stability. Given the mindset change and expectation as regards leadership and the organization, the only logical conclusion is to...
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...The Role of Leadership in Shaping Organizational Culture Laurita M Jones, MBA, MSA Walden University The Role of Leadership in Shaping Organizational Culture Leaders have a profound impact on their organization and how well their teams perform. Thus, organizational leadership plays an influential role in shaping culture and culture in return forms administration. As a leadership perception, corporate culture has been acknowledged as one of the various elements that leaders can utilize to enhance a dynamic business. The process of establishing the cultural foundation of a company begins with the appointed leadership of organizations. They do so by enforcing their assumptions and expectations of organizational culture onto their followers. High-level superiors are the major sources for communicating norms and core values in organizations. Therefore, it is imperative that leaders convey the organization leadership and cultural principles to their followers for utilizing their leadership powers to support and preserve an organizational culture that is ethical and healthy. With the attentiveness to culture in today’s business entities, and its resilient influence on the behavior of subordinates, leaders in company’s can produce a culture that supports high moral and ethical behavior. The subsequent analysis of leadership and organizational culture will attempt to discuss several mechanisms of leadership, and the role leadership plays in shaping the culture of an organization...
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...General systems theorists are thankful to the Mathematicians for introducing the concept of Isomorphism, named after the Greek words "Isos" and "Morphe" meaning equal and shape respectively. Isomorphism does not have a standardized definition for itself. The closest possible standard definition would be "Isomorphism is the formal mapping between complex structures where the two structures contain equal or similar parts" (Wikipedia). Identifying isomorphism between two modeled systems is a powerful tool of systems theory which propagates knowledge and understanding between different domains or groups, thereby connecting them like a string of relation. Most important application of the concept of isomorphism in systems perspective, is by comparing a prototype or a synthetic model to that of a naturally occurring, real existing model. System theorists build models to potentially solve business, engineering and scientific problems. In order to gain a valid representation of the natural world, they discover significant isomorphism between built and naturally occurring model. Isomorphism, can be distinguished into two distinctive categories, "Competitive Isomorphism" and "Institutional Isomorphism". "While competitive assumes a system of open competitive markets, institutional assumes a pressure on communes to conform to...
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...Mary Louis Shoukry Mariam Ibrahim Tayia HRM as the gate keeper between two extreme points…… The review of HR related literature revile two problems that could face any HR manager and represent a challenge that needs a solution….. Solutions…….???????? The model that we suggest to solve the two examined problems goes as the following : Low performance and job dis-involvement DEFINITION : low performance could be defined as dis- achievement and failure to meet organizational goals, which causes problems to supervisors, co-workers and to the employee himself as well, and above all, to the organization because of slowing the production and lowering the productivity. Causes of disachievement usually falls in three major areas: Misunderstanding the job requirements. Lack of needed abilities and skills. Deliberate refusal to work. 1- Misunderstanding the job requirements ……….I DON’T REALIZE Employee do not know how to do the job they were assigned. They will continue to underachieve rather than admit job incompatibility and risk termination. It is possible that an employee is performing a job incompetently without realizing it. believing in doing the job properly when it is not, is up to the management to set the proper goals. Punishing an employee without first finding out the underlying cause of his performance lapse can make the situation worse. How to deal with low performance: The first and second reason are considered to be managerial issue that...
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... 09 4.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 12 5.REFERENCES 14 Introduction: A coin has two sides, its universally accepted and there are no argument about it. But when it comes to Human Resource Management and Personnel Management there is a heated argument whether they are two independent sides of a coin, or one is the successor of the other or both are different or are they share mutual processes/ideas. Human resource management is the pillar stone or the rock on which all the managent activities of an organisation or a business rests upon but that does not make it the base of all business activity (Torrington, Hall and Taylor, 2005, p. 1). Personnel mnagement on the other hand was more of an administrative or book keeping function making sure that there were adequate workers to carry out the desired jobs and keeping a check on the relationship between employer and the employee. It is also to be noted that Human resource Management did not evolve on one fine day, it was a long journey starting from absorption and synthesis of various working environments and a combination of pre and modern management principles and theories along with academic researches (Price, 2011). Human resource management has two realms of existence, one being the academic utterance and functions such as in conferences, books, business school subjects and so on whereas the other being the major associated...
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...IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper Human Resource Management Subject Code-B102 Section A: Objective Type & Short Questions (30 marks) MM.100 Part Two: Answer 1. Career planning involves efforts on the part of the organizations to provide avenues for growth to its employees. Certainly this growth should be accompanied by development. The other side of the coin is the role of employees in career planning. It involves effort on the part of employees to clearly think through and decided areas in which they would like to make a career for themselves. When employees have assessed their career needs and have become aware of organizational career opportunities, the problem is one of alignment. The crucial role has to be played by HRD in ensuring this alignment to build up morale in the organization. A systematic choice of development techniques like training, special assignment, counseling and rotational assignments should be made to ensure this alignment. Employees are often uncertain as to the type of work that would suit them best. There are a number of evaluation instruments available to determine basic aptitudes. Human Resource Development Managers should be able to guide employees by administering these instruments on them. Employees should also find out whether they are loners or socially active. These exercises with some assistance from HRD Managers should help in career need assessment. Realizing that employees have...
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...APPRECIATIVE INQUIRY AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT TOOL by Charles F. Martinetz, PhD Appreciative inquiry can get you much better results than seeking out and solving problems. That’s an interesting concept for me—and I image for most of you—because telephone companies are among the best problem solvers in the world. We trouble shoot everything. We concentrate enormous resources on correcting problems that have relatively minor impact on our overall service performance. When used continually and over a long period of time, this approach can lead to a negative culture. If you combine a negative culture with all the challenges we face today, it could be easy to convince ourselves that we have too many problems to overcome and to slip into a paralyzing sense of hopelessness. And yet if we flip the coin, we have so much to be excited about. We are in the most dynamic and the most influential business of our times. We ought to be excited, motivated, and energized. We can be if we turn ourselves around and start looking at our jobs and ourselves differently. If we kill negative selftalk and celebrate our successes. If we dissect what we do right and apply the lessons to what we do wrong, we can solve our problems and re-energize the organization at the same time. In the long run what is likely to be more useful? Demoralizing a successful workforce by concentrating on their failures or helping them over their last few hurdles by building a bridge with their successes? Don’t get...
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...ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR: Practices’ Comparison Costa Rica versus United States Coming together is a beginning; keeping together is progress; working together is success. Henry Ford When talking about organizational behavior the first thing that comes to my mind is the best fashion to integrate people to a “group” with the goal of achieving the best results for the institution behind that group, and simultaneously creating the correct atmosphere to make it happen. As explore on the Ford’s phrase above; reaching success impose a challenge, because cohesion and willingness have to come first. My thinking about organizational behavior is not that “off” from the scholar definition: “Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving and organization’s effectiveness.” (Robbins, page 10). Organizational Behavior embrace many thematic areas that are directly related to the core structure of any organization such Communication, Leadership, Motivation, Diversity and Teams. A good understanding of those aspects will offer a competitive advantage to any professional entering the labor force. Thus, I would like to synthesize the learnings from the organizational behavior course taken at UCSD extension. More than homework this document is a practical tool to review and reinforce those concepts. The best alternative to...
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...Leadership Philosophy I could not find a better way to introduce my Philosophy of Leadership written articulation, than talking about how my cultural view of our world, along with my beliefs, values, ad personal attitudes; would certainly determine from this very moment on, the way I become an effective person first, in order to achieve my goal of being an excellent leader. I am currently doing it, I am fighting for it, in the means of daily improvement; because I am already clear and positive about this truth, if I don’t strive strong enough, and stretch myself to my fullest metal capacity, I would not accomplish my marked desire and objective of leading the way for me, and then, only at that point; direct people around me, toward that same direction. My conduct has an important role here, right now; and there is no time to waste, since I am dealing with the more basic essence of leadership as a complex human process it is, I am talking about individuality. Leadership starts from my inner-being; it is a natural force trying to move out and produce positive outcome; and it has the need to be comprehend into its immediate context. In essence, the way I see myself right now, my goals, my profession and my own perception of my environment; reflects on the people around me. That is why I have to behave in the direction to which I see my followers going with me, because if they don’t go, then I stop the whole process as well. We need to do it together; and I do not need to...
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...Why Incentive Plans Cannot Work by Alfie Kohn Harvard Business Review Reprint 93506 I N Q U E S T I O N When reward systems fail, don’t blame the program – look at the premise behind it. Why Incentive Plans Cannot Work By Alfie Kohn It is difficult to overstate the extent to which most managers and the people who advise them believe in the redemptive power of rewards. Certainly, the vast majority of U.S. corporations use some sort of program intended to motivate employees by tying compensation to one index of performance or another. But more striking is the rarely examined belief that people will do a better job if they have been promised some sort of incentive. This assumption and the practices associated with it are pervasive, but a growing collection of evidence supports an opposfailure of any given incentive program is due less to a glitch in that program than to the inadequacy of the psychological assumptions that ground all such plans. thinking – those who promote teamwork, participative management, continuous improvement, and the like – urge the use of rewards to institute and maintain these very reforms. What we use bribes to accomplish may have changed, but the reliance on bribes, on behaviorist doctrine, has not. Moreover, the few articles that appear to criticize incentive plans are Temporary Compliance Most managers too often believe in the redemptive power of rewards. ing view. According to numerous studies in laboratories, workplaces...
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...descriptions of what a leader might be doing. What a particular leader is doing does not provide us an understanding of what leadership is, only of what that leader believes is appropriate to do in order to lead. So, how should we define "leadership"? Leadership is the act of transmitting value standards to employees which most of them then follow/use in the performance of their work. Thus we say that they have been "led" in the direction of those standards. I like to say that leadership is one side of the coin called values, the other side being followership. In contemplating value standards, I found it useful to think of a range or spectrum of standards from –10 to +10 for each value such as from total dishonesty to total honesty, from indolence to industriousness, arrogance to humility, dirty to clean, disorganized to neat, discourteous to courtesy, disrespect to respect, uncaring to caring, ignorant to knowledgeable and so on for all values. Leadership skills are based on leadership behaviour. Skills alone do not make leaders - style and behaviour do. If you are interested in leadership training and development - start with leadership behaviour. The growing awareness and demand for idealist principles in leadership are increasing the emphasis (in terms of leadership characteristics) on business ethics, corporate responsibility, emotional maturity,...
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...Instructor Name Subject Date Public Administration Public administration is to implement law. In the American system, authority flows from the people to those they vote to govern them. While a legislature passes a law and an executive signs it, the law does not implement itself. That is the task the legislature delegates to the administrator, and it is this chain of authority, flowing from the people through elected institutions to the public administrator, that makes public administration distinctively public. Faithful execution of these laws is the highest calling of public administrators and the core of administrative accountability. The Nature of Knowledge in Public Administration Public administration refers to two distinguishable but intimately related activities: (1) a professional practice (profession, occupation, field of activity), and (2) an academic field which seeks to understand, extend, criticize, and improve that professional practice as well as to train individuals for that practice. The simple meaning of the term is quite direct: it refers on the one hand to the administration or management of matters which have mainly to do with the society, polity, and its subparts which are not fundamentally private, familial, commercial, or characteristic, and on the other hand to the well-organized study of such matters. In this simplest meaning, public administration has to do with supervision the realm of governmental and other public activities....
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...ESSAY title: “What is Management: is it an Art or a Science?” Number of words: 1860 What is Management? Is it an Art or a Science? The objective of this essay is to settle the old argument that whether management is an art or a science. It aims to give a deeper and brief view about the topic of ‘Management’ and the point to which management fulfills the criteria for being a science as well as an art have been outlined. Management characteristics have been stated and discussed in relation to the characteristics of science as well as art by use of classical theories and principles which were derived by experts who are related with the study of management. It is difficult to define the word management since neither accurate nor approved definition is found yet. However, it has a traditional definition which states that management is “the art of getting things done through people” (Mary Parker Follet, 1868-1933). Still, this definition does not perfectly describe management therefore the meaning cannot be relied on; this is because the definition views the term management as an “art” while management may be both either a science or an art. Secondly, the definition does not consider the functions of management which were introduced in a new definition by Henry Fayol defining management as “to manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, and to coordinate and control”(Fayol, 1916). Every firm exists with some objectives or goals; in order to achieve these objectives...
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