...and its globalization while accommodating the challenges of diversity, ethics, and the motivation and coordination of employees. Perspectives on Organizations Open Systems A closed system does not depend on its environment, but focuses on running things efficiently. Open systems [Exhibit 1.2] must interact with the environment to survive, and managers realize they must pay close attention to what is going on with their customers, suppliers, and competitors. A system, in general, is a set of interrelated elements that acquires inputs from the environment, transforms them, and discharges outputs to the external environment. Subsystems perform functions such as production, boundary spanning, maintenance, adaptation, and management. Organizational Configuration Henry Mintzberg says that every organization has five interrelated parts [Exhibit 1.3A]: technical core of people who do the basic work of the organization; technical support creates innovations in the technical core with employees such as engineers and researchers; administrative support is responsible...
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...Organization Theory Schools of Thought Abstract Organizational theory involves identifying the different approaches to understanding organizations, which cover a wide spectrum of views over many decades. The history of organizations really starts with armies (Orlikowski, 2010). Armies were the first large-scale cooperative groups formed specifically for a purpose and they are characterized by a hierarchy of authority within which decisions are made at the top and passed down in the shape of orders which must be followed. A second early development was that of public administration whereby “organizations came into being to implement the decisions of government: initially to collect taxes, but increasingly to order and regulate society through laws and the application of various rules” (Tushman & Romanelli, 1985). Again, these organizations were characterized by hierarchy of authority and a requirement to comply with its exercise. These models for the large-scale organization of people for a purpose were, with a few exceptions, followed by business organizations as they developed in the Middle Ages and, through industrialization, came to dominate work in society. The study of organizations emerged from what some would call today sociology (Knorr, 1997). This owed its origins to philosophers turning their attention to the way in which whole societies function and, in due course, to the study also of the social constructions which are created in them. Knorr believed...
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...Organizational Research and Theory: MBA 6001 | Research Paper | | The purpose of this research paper is to address organizational research and theory and to determine the importance of establishing rules, regulations and standing operating procedures in an organization. An organization’s way of conducting business and its environment is critical to the success of that company. There are many elements that complete the puzzle of that organization that will determine that organizations success or failure. All personnel from the highest to the lowest level have key roles that display the relevance of the organizational environment, organizational design and organizational change. The Organization An organization is defined as “a tool that people use to coordinate their actions to obtain something they desire or value which is to achieve their goals” (Jones, 2010, p.2). According to Jones (2010), an organization is a response to and a means of satisfying some human need. It is important to be innovative in an organization. When new technologies are discovered and needs are increased, the organization thrives in their success. As long as there is a need that an organization can provide, the organization will have continuous success. There are many people who have goals of becoming an entrepreneur in their area of expertise. “Entrepreneurship is the term used to describe the process by which people recognize opportunities to satisfy needs and then gather...
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...Organizational Theory Angele Muhammad February 5, 2014 Assistant Professor Darren Gil Southern University at New Orleans Abstract I will discuss the basis of an organizational theory as it applies to the criminal justice system. I am discussing and giving a clear understanding of the criminal justice system as an organization of a bureaucratic management system with hierarchies and processes of inputs, processes, and outputs within one aspect of the criminal justice system i.e. police, within one city. I will also discuss how New Orleans Police Department was created throughout history and what organizational theory has been implemented. This is a brief history of the New Orleans Police Department and why a bureaucratic management system is the basis for this organization. Organizational Theory Understanding that Organizational theory is the study of organizations in the aspect of design, structure, the relationship of the organization and the external and internal environment including the behavior of the hierarchy within the organization. The police, courts and parole, which are the criminal justice agencies, fit the description of being an organization. They consist of having a process of input, processing and outputs. This system desires to process and close cases that will stay closed within a hierarchy frame. They all have sets of written rules and specialized training within a hierarchy of authority that desires the bureaucratic structure to become...
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...Introduction This essay will cover the meta-theoretical assumptions that make up the modernist and symbolic interpretive approaches and how the respective theories under these perspectives describe about the relationship between organisations and technology in the environment. Meta-theoretical assumptions Ontology refers to our assumptions and concepts about reality. According to Hatch and Cunliffe (2006), concepts produce mental categories for arranging, categorizing and keeping experience in memory. This mental documentation assists in the studies of an object’s nature of existence, whether or not it is real or illusory. It suggests that although we do not see something perhaps it does not mean that it doesn’t exist. The study of ontology takes 2 conflicting views, subjectivism and objectivism. The ontology of modernism is objectivism. The modernists believe that reality exists independent of our knowledge of it. From the objectivist’s point of view, reality is experienced through our five senses and our knowledge of what’s around us is derived from what we encountered and that the knowledge may be substantiated overtime by scientific methods to enhance its reliability (Hatch and Cunliffe, 2006). However, this is strongly objected by the point of view of the subjectivists. The subjectivists believe that the reality exists only when it is experienced and registered by someone. In addition, the symbolic-interpretivist broadens the perspective of reality to involve collection...
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...Organizational Theories Amanda Stasiewicz CJS210 12/21/2014 There are three major organizational theories associated with policing. These three theories are the contingency theory, institutional theory, and the resource dependency theory. The contingency theory was designed for understanding and belief that the police organizations were created and structured to achieve certain goals such as crime control and prevention. The contingency theory leads us to believe that organizations must adapt and make adjustments based on our surrounding environment. We must stay up to date with new technology and adjust to survive. The institutional theory leads us to think that police organizations are social institutions. It leads us to think that there isn’t any real structure involved within these organizations. This theory suggests that the organizations develops ideas off of the surrounding environment. Last is the resource dependency theory. The resource dependency theory suggests that these organizations must obtain and use different resources in order to survive. They must use the resources available in order to continue adapting and adjusting to society. If for some reason the resources become unavailable then the organization does not survive. In my opinion the theory that best serves police organizations would be the resource dependency theory. We have so many different resources available and if they do become unavailable...
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...1) Describe the relationship between the organizational environment and organizational structure and design. Explore the differences between internal and external environmental factors. What factors are important and why? An organizational environment usually sets boundaries to what an organization can and cannot do because of the factors which influence that organization. The term is defined as all elements that exist outside the boundary of the organization and have the potential to affect all or part of the organization. Where the organization physically takes place, or its domain and how the sectors play a role on the organization all have an impact on the structures to react to those factors. The organizational structure is based on the number of levels of hierarchy, grouping individuals together into departments and number of departments in an organization, as well as communication and coordination across departments. Some factors that influence organizations are the task environment including: international, industry, raw materials, human resource and market sectors. These sectors directly impact the organization’s ability to achieve goals. These factors are more capable to control, to a certain extent, by the organization. However, there are also the general environment, like the: sociocultural, government, economic conditions, technology, and financial resource sector. These sectors might not have a direct impact on the daily operations of a firm but indirectly influence...
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...Organizational Theory – Organizational Systems Analysis Organizational Theory – Summary Paper Today’s organizations draw upon the concepts of social and cultural anthropology, political science, strategic management, and organizational behavior. To become a successful manager in today’s organizations, mangers must understand and adjust to organizational concepts, implementation and management of change within organizations, concepts of systems of theory problem solving and decision making. As a manger in my current organization, this course has taught me how to improve my managerial skills through recognizing and understanding the concepts mentioned above. The following is a complete system analysis of my company based on the Six-Box Model. Within the six-box model I will demonstrate how the following factors: (1) Boundaries and Environments; (2) Organizational Structure; (3) Formal and Informal Systems; (4) Reward Systems; (5) Power; (6) Force Field Analysis, (7) Organizational Interventions; and (8) Reactions to Proposed Changes affect a managers management style. Organizational Boundaries and Environments Boundaries in organizations can be defined as “the umbrella under which rules are implemented to shape their purpose and goals.” (Ware, 2005). Boundaries are in place to determine the sphere of influence for the internal activities of an organization and to govern the reactions to external environments...
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...Introduction Modernists perceive organisations as tangibly factual bodies operating in the reality. When the organisation has been well designed and managed, the systems of actions and decisions made will be driven by the norms of rationality, efficiency and effectiveness to realize the organisation goals such as mission and vision. (Hatch, 1997) Critical Theorists view organisation as places where inequalities in power relations will dominate, resulting in the exploitation and estrangement of proletariat. Elements of authority and power of the dominant ideology will initiate decisions, laying constraints and oppression on the exploited parties. (Comstock, 1982) Apple Inc. is one of the most successful multinational organisations in creating consumer electronics, computer software and commercial servers, which started out as the minority player in the industry. With the Macintosh, Apple slowly built upon its successes from the iMac to the iPod and to the iPhone, which eventually turns the industry to its ear. (O’Grady, 2009) While Apple concentrates their headquarters’ activities on their core functions such as designing and developing of their products, as well as defining strategic direction and processes, outsourcing to regions will enable Apple to operate with greater cost-efficiently. (Schneiders, 2010) By engaging in global outsourcing, Apple was able to get cheaper overseas labour that were employed by third-party firms to lighten the labour load of their direct employees...
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...Assignment #3: Module 1 - The Individual Ciera’ Harris, Chukwuemeka Okereke, Kayla Paige, Tavion Powell, Farah Raymond, and Jill Ricks PADG 5500.01 Dr. Wigfall 1/28/2016 R/J - Chapters 5: Personality and Values 1. Younger individuals do differ from older individuals in their plans to remain with one employer for a long time. Younger individuals (Millennials) are not as interested in job security and stability as older individuals (Baby Boomers) were when they entered the workforce. Millennials are focused more on the now, rather than ten or twenty years from now. Millennials are more mobile and do not mind moving around. Baby Boomers focus on career then salary, now the focus is salary then career. These differences exist both because of shifting economic realities and changing work values. When Baby Boomers started off in the workforce, the economy was completely different. Millennials have more knowledge and access to information on jobs through many sources, especially the Internet. Baby Boomers did not have that kind of access. 2. It can ultimately hurt to job surf as soon as the desire strikes. Employers like to see some degree of stability on resumes. An application can get passed by because of someone moving around too much from company to company. The employer does have the right to ask about job surfing. The employer also can ask about short term and long-term goals. An employer does not want to invest in someone who is not willing to stay for...
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...Organizational Research and Theory Name: Institution: Date: Power is an essential factor in the running of an organization institution or even a state. A powerful institution will always ensure that things work out and at no instanced are things going wrong. However, one would wonder what exactly organizational power is. Power also has some benefits that come along with it. Organizational power, in this case, can be defined as the means by which conflict are resolved in an organization. Others define power as the ability of a group or a person to overcome the resistance of others so as to achieve the desired outcome (Jones, 2010). It is reasonable to state that some element of coercion exists in conflict resolution. Therefore, organizational power is specifically said to be the ability of A to make B to do a thing that B could not have done. Therefore, if a subunit with an organization has a lot of power, it can apply power to achieve the results that it desires. In conflict resolution element of power plays a crucial role. It influences the decisions to be made, for example, how resources shall be allocated to different subunits. Most decisions in an organization are made through bargaining, and when this is so then the side with more power significantly influences the outcome or the decision made. In other words, power determines the subunit that will suffer with an organization and the one that will benefit. As a matter of fact, conflicts arise in organizations...
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...CHAPTER 1 * 1. 1- 1- Organizational Theory, Design, and Change Sixth Edition Gareth R. Jones Chapter 1 Organizations and Organizational Effectiveness * 2. What is an Organization? Organization: a tool used by people to coordinate their actions to obtain something they desire or value Organizations provide goods and services Organizations employ people Organizations bring together people and resources to produce products and services Basically, organizations exist to create value Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall * 3. How Does an Organization Create Value? Value creation takes place at three stages: input, conversion, and output Each stage is affected by the environment in which the organization operates Environment – the set of forces and conditions that operate beyond an organization’s boundaries but affect its ability to acquire and use resources to create value Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall * 4. Figure 1.1: How an Organization Creates Value Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall * 5. Why Do Organizations Exist? People working together to produce goods and services create more value than people working alone 5 major reasons why organizations exist: To increase specialization and the division of labor Division of labor allows specialization Specialization allows individuals to become experts at their job To use large-scale technology Economies of scale: cost...
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...Theory and Practice of Organizational Learning Teresa Friskney Strayer University Theory and Practice of Organizational Learning Organizational learning explores ways to design organizations so that they carry out their function successfully, encourage people to reach their full potential, and, at the same time, help the world to be a better place. Learning organizations are organizations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning to see the whole together (Smith, 2001). However, there seems no clear definition of organizational learning except for the fact that it is learning, in one form or another. “Organizational learning is a flexible concept spanning a number of disciplines and perspectives so that it is now impossible to capture with a single definition” (Merriam, Caffarella, & Baumgartner, 2007, p. 43). For the purpose of this paper, the following information concerns only three characteristics of a successful learning organization. Discussion concerns systems thinking, shared vision, and team learning. In order to understand systems thinking, one must define it as a group of interacting, interrelated, and interdependent components that form a complex and unified whole. For example, a system can be a department in an organization. Each system has a purpose in a larger...
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...BAM410 Organizational Theory and Behavior To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://mindsblow.us/question_des/BAM410OrganizationalTheoryandBehavior/2798 contact us at: help@mindblows.us BAM410 Organizational Theory and Behavior BAM 410 Entire Course BAM 410 Unit 1 Exam BAM 410 Unit 2 Exam BAM 410 Unit 2 Essay BAM 410 Unit 3 Exam BAM 410 Unit 3 Essay BAM 410 Unit 4 Exam BAM 410 Unit 4 Essay BAM 410 Final Exam BAM410 Organizational Theory and Behavior To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://mindsblow.us/question_des/BAM410OrganizationalTheoryandBehavior/2798 contact us at: help@mindblows.us BAM410 Organizational Theory and Behavior BAM 410 Entire Course BAM 410 Unit 1 Exam BAM 410 Unit 2 Exam BAM 410 Unit 2 Essay BAM 410 Unit 3 Exam BAM 410 Unit 3 Essay BAM 410 Unit 4 Exam BAM 410 Unit 4 Essay BAM 410 Final Exam BAM410 Organizational Theory and Behavior To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://mindsblow.us/question_des/BAM410OrganizationalTheoryandBehavior/2798 contact us at: help@mindblows.us BAM410 Organizational Theory and Behavior BAM 410 Entire Course BAM 410 Unit 1 Exam BAM 410 Unit 2 Exam BAM 410 Unit 2 Essay BAM 410 Unit 3 Exam BAM 410 Unit 3 Essay BAM 410 Unit 4 Exam BAM 410 Unit 4 Essay BAM 410 Final Exam BAM410 Organizational Theory and Behavior To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://mindsblow.us/question_des/BAM410OrganizationalTheoryandBehavior/2798 contact us at: help@mindblows.us BAM410 Organizational...
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...The Theories and Practices Behind Organizational Change Is real and permanent change truly as difficult to achieve as it is sometimes suggested to be? If so, what steps are necessary to properly introduce major changes within the context of an organization? Can an organization survive in today’s fast paced global economy without properly instituting regular changes in order to adapt to the very fluid market in which it resides? The Heart of Change by John P. Kotter and Dan S. Cohen attempts to address the answers to some of these fundamental questions and more by exploring what steps are necessary for organizations to make when undertaking change management processes. Motivational speaker Tony Robbins once said, “By changing nothing, nothing changes.” It is a very simple yet elegant statement about the nature of change. Never is it wise to simply live up to the status quo and expect that somehow, someway your situation will spontaneously improve itself. Change means taking immediate action in order to correct mistakes that have been made, or to improve upon already successful practices. The vast majority of today’s thriving organizations have realized this and have made change, adaptation, and flexibility key components to their business model. However, many organizations that attempt change are unsuccessful due to their lack of understanding about how change is properly implemented and maintained. For many organizations in our current economic climate, failure at...
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