...individual to function, the major organs of the human body are required to participate in some sort of systematic interplay. From the body as a whole, to the individual organs, they themselves exhibit an assortment of organised interactions. This is due to the fact that the organs also comprise multiple components to their structure. The heart is one such system (Cannell, Crossman and Soeller, 2006). Comprising of various muscles, nerves and specialised fibres, it functions as a unit, naturally instructed by innate biological electricity (Thaler, 2012). Hence the heart is commonly referred to as an electrical syncytium. By following the electrical activity of the heart, cardiac patterns can be assessed under given conditions and problems or abnormalities diagnosed. This is possible by performing an electrocardiogram (ECG)....
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...Science By Melody Petty August 23, 2013 DUYEN NGUYEN SCI/230 The female human body has evolved and adapted to their surroundings during the many centuries since they first step foot on the earth. The female body has several organs that stand out and are different when it comes to the male body. The female body has several organs that actually make them capable of living in the different surroundings. The organs allows the female to produce and carry babies. When you look at the below diagram of the female human body you can see the organs and how they function all together. The human female body has several organs that stand out that are different from the male body especially when it comes to the reproduction organs of a female body. The reproduction of the female human body has learned how to evolve in order to reproduce. The reproduction organs are the vital organs of creating new offspring to the human world. The next diagram will show the image of the main reproduction organs in the human female body. It shows all the organs that allows females to have the capability of producing new life in the human organism world. The human organs have learn how to adapt to each other and reproduce new life. The reproduction organs in a female body are quite disquiet allows you to see how reproduction take place in the human female body. In the human body organism the reproduction cycle starts when a male and female engage in sexual activities...
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...gross structures of the main body systems and I would also be saying what the system is made out of with a diagram. Main body system • Skeletal System • Muscular System • Nervous system • Respiratory system • Digestive System • Male Reproductive System • Female Reproductive system • Cardiovascular system • Urinary system • Endocrine system 1. Skeletal system The skeletal system is muscle that is connected to the skeletal to make a part of the mechanical system which moves the limbs and other parts of the body. The skeletal also relates the cartilages and joints of the human body which then creates the human skeleton. It is one of the main and important systems in the body. The joints are very important because they allow different types of movements at different locations to happen. However there are three components; • Bones • Cartilages • Joints Bones: Bones is a tough and frim form of connective tissue. It is the responsibility is to almost all strength of skeletal. Bone is the mineralization factor. Bones are highly mineralized with calcium salts Cartilages: The cartilage is a form of the connective tissue however it is not as tough and frim as the bone and the main difference in the cartilage and bone is the mineralization factor. This is because the bones are highly mineralized with calcium salts whereas cartilages are not. Joints: the joints are important components of the human body because they allow the body to move about, the joints...
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...Ancient Rome knew about the human body and how they work. Doctors and Philosophers studied the human body and dissected the body to discover the different types of organs and what they were used for. A man called Galen learned about the human body by dissecting the body. However, this wasn’t allowed as human dissection was banned in Alexandria so he dissected an animal. His theory for human anatomy had some errors because he used an animal to figure out how the human body works. Animals and humans have different functions so Galen’s theory for human anatomy was false. To learn about animal anatomy, Galen chopped off a pig’s head and tested the nerves in the pig to prove what each one was used for. So the knowledge of anatomy had some problems. Ancient Egypt knew about where the organs were in the human body. On the other hand, Egyptians didn’t know what they were used for. This is because Egyptians believed their was life after death so they produced embalming. Embalming is where you take organs of the body and use it for the afterlife. Egyptians used to get organs from dead humans such as: the heart, brain and lungs. They would wrap in linen. This was not good because they didn’t dissect the organs so they didn’t know what they were used for. They especially didn’t know what the heart and brain were used for as they used the organs for the afterlife so Egyptians didn’t know what the organs were used for as they didn’t dissect the organs or body. In conclusion, the period...
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...of different tissues and organs working together to perform a specific function in the body. Skeletal system: Skeletal system is the system of bones, associated cartilages and joints of human body. Together these structures form the human skeleton. Skeleton can be defined as the hard framework of human body around which the entire body is built. Almost all the hard parts of human body are components of human skeletal system. Joints are very important because they make the hard and rigid skeleton allow different types of movements at different locations. If the skeleton were without joints, no movement would have taken place and the significance of human body no more than a stone. Components of Human Skeleton Human skeleton is composed of three main components; Bones, Associated cartilages and Joints. Bones: Bone is a tough and rigid form of connective tissue. It is the weight bearing organ of human body and it is responsible for almost all strength of human skeleton. Cartilages: Cartilage is also a form of connective tissue but is not as tough and rigid as bone. The main difference in the cartilage and bone is the mineralization factor. Bones are highly mineralized with calcium salts while cartilages are not. Joints: Joints are important components of human skeleton because they make the human skeleton mobile. A joint occurs between “two or more bones”, “bone and cartilage” and “cartilage and cartilage”. Divisions of Human Skeleton: Human skeleton can be divided into...
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...Liver: Organ Description Gina Skolosh Kaplan University General Biology 1: Human Perspectives SC235 Kathryn Gubista June 3, 2015 Liver: Organ Description A human body is made up of about 78 organs that are different in the harmony with their functions, actions, and sizes (Normann & Rehermann, 2004). An organ is a collection of numerous cells that work together to carry out an individual function in the human body. The body’s organs carry different cells, these cells are extremely focused and form for all the essential jobs at a particular time. The liver is made up of various types of cells, specifically the liver endothelial cells, hepatocytes, stellate cells, and other different cells. There is also inflammatory cells, smooth muscle cells of the veins and arteries (Ireland, 2012). These various cells of the liver work individually and also together to make the liver function as it is supposed to. These cells also collaborate to let the liver be wildly involved in protein, fat, carbohydrate, and metabolism (Ireland, 2012). The liver also stores minerals and vitamins to form particular compounds like growth factors and clotting factors for our blood. Our liver cells also work as a blood filtering system that further helps in removing cellular remains and organic by-(Normann & Rehermann, 2004). The liver also performs another important function, and that is producing and discharging bile. Moreover, it also emits or detoxifies drugs and any other poisonous compounds....
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...Shier, Butler, and Lewis: Human Anatomy and Physiology, 12th ed. Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology I. Introduction A. The interests of our earliest ancestors most likely concerned injuries and illness because healthy bodies demand little attention from their owners. B. Primitive people certainly suffered from occasional aches and pains, injuries, bleeding, broken bones, and diseases. C. Before agriculture, infectious diseases did not spread easily because isolated bands of people had little contact with each other. D. With agriculture, humans became susceptible to worm diseases because excrement was used in fertilizers and less reliance was placed on wild plants that offered their protective substances. E. With urbanization, humans became more susceptible to infectious diseases and malnutrition. F. Tooth decay was lowest among hunter-gathers and highest among city residents. G. Preserved bones from children can reflect malnutrition because when a child starves or suffers from severe infection, the ends of the bones stop growing. When health returns, growth resumes, but leaves behind areas of dense bone. H. At first healers had to rely on superstitions and notions about magic. I. The forerunners of modern drugs were herbs and potions. J. Early medical providers developed the language of anatomy and physiology from Greek and Latin. II. Anatomy and Physiology ...
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...organizational approaches to the human body. It’s imperative to understand how the human body works and complex systems. The seven organizational approaches are body cavities, body planes and direction, anatomy and physiology, quadrants and regions, medical specialty, microscopic-to-macroscopic, and body systems. Besides the importance of just understanding the human body, each can be used when applying knowledge to practical use in the healthcare industry. All of these approaches are imperative to learn and understand when in the healthcare industry. The body cavity is the study of body organs and cavities within them. Body cavities help divide the body into sections or compartments and help give organs a particular “place” in the body. Harris (2005) stated, “Humans have four body cavities: (1) the dorsal body cavity that encloses the brain and spinal cord; (2) the thoracic cavity that encloses the heart and lungs; (3) the abdominal cavity that encloses most of the digestive organs and kidneys; and (4) the pelvic cavity that encloses the bladder and reproductive organs.” .This type of approach is often used when a particular organ is being studied as an entire system like the gastrointestinal system that is in the abdominopelvic cavity or the brain in the cranial cavity. Body cavities can also be useful for observing how a disease affects numerous organs within the human body. Body planes and direction is the human body division. It involves four different...
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...Liver: Organ Description Gina Skolosh Kaplan University General Biology 1: Human Perspectives SC235 Kathryn Gubista June 3, 2015 Liver: Organ Description A human body is made up of about 78 organs that are different in the harmony with their functions, actions, and sizes (Normann & Rehermann, 2004). An organ is a collection of numerous cells that work together to carry out an individual function in the human body. The body’s organs carry different cells, these cells are extremely focused and form for all the essential jobs at a particular time. The liver is made up of various types of cells, specifically the liver endothelial cells, hepatocytes, stellate cells, and other different cells. There is also inflammatory cells, smooth muscle cells of the veins and arteries (Ireland, 2012). These various cells of the liver work individually and also together to make the liver function as it is supposed to. These cells also collaborate to let the liver be wildly involved in protein, fat, carbohydrate, and metabolism (Ireland, 2012). The liver also stores minerals and vitamins to form particular compounds like growth factors and clotting factors for our blood. Our liver cells also work as a blood filtering system that further helps in removing cellular remains and organic by-(Normann & Rehermann, 2004). The liver also performs another important function, and that is producing and discharging bile. Moreover, it also emits or detoxifies drugs and any other poisonous compounds...
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...A number of organs in the human body have very restricted ability to regenerate after injury. For over 150 years, many research had been conducted regarding heart regeneration but many findings were extremely controversial (Carvalho and de Carvalho 2010). The heart is one of the most important organs as it’s responsible for the body’s oxygen and blood supply. The human heart is divided into four chambers and is enclosed in a fluid filled sac within the chest cavity. One of the least regenerative organs in the human body is the heart but if there is a regenerative response, it is small in comparison to that of other organs such as the liver and skin (Laflamme and Murry 2011). But why can’t the heart regenerate after a heart attack compared to other organs that can is the question and the cells that makes up the tissue can explain this. The incapability of the human heart to regenerate after injury such as a heart attack (Myocardial infarction) poses a major difficulty in the cardiovascular medicine (Laflamme and Murry 2011). Heart attacks are caused by the disturbance of blood supply to parts of the heart, causing heart tissues to die, often due to the blockage of the coronary artery. The heart responds to a heart attack by scarring, which consequences in reduced cardiac function and to compensate for the reduced cardiac function, the heart then develops hypertrophy which in turn leads to heart failure (Lien et al. 2012). Marie et al. (1996) explain hypertrophy as the wall...
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...Assignment Professor: Catherine Rice SC121: Human Anatomy and Physiology I Shemika Spraggins Kaplan University Introduction: Skeletal System and Digestive System The Human body is one the most complex organism that is made up of several systems that all work together to keep all of us alive. Amount these systems are: The skeletal System and Digestive System. The Skeletal System has two hundred and six bones that protect the body’s organs, provide central support and attachment for muscles movement throughout the body. This system plays an important function in the...
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...the four basic human body structure units and their functions The four basic human body structures and their functions are as follows: • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Systems Cells Cells have been identified as the simplest unit of living matter that can maintain life. A cell is the simplest and smallest unit of living matter and cells can live independently and can also reproduce themselves. Cells exist in a varity of shapes and sizes including elongated, oval, and square, cells also have many different function. A group of cells is called a tissue and the study of the structure, form of cells and tissue is called histology. Tissues Tissue is a group/organisation of a number of similar cells, not all identical but from the same origin, that carry out a similar function, which also consists of varying amounts and varity of non-living, intercellular substance between them. It is the level between cells and organs. There are four types of tissue: Epithelial – tissue that is widespread throughout the body. They form the covering of all the body surfaces and are the main tissue found in glands. Epithelial tissue performs a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, filtration and sensory reception. Connective - tissue that binds structures together, and forms a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole. Connective tissue also acts as a transport system for substances to be carried around the body, and helps store...
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...1.1 Describe the four basic human body structure units and their functions The way in which physical processes and functions take place in the body can be looked at on four main levels, moving progressively from the detailed to the general. At the most detailed level are the cells – the most basic of the physical structure units. Similar cells, when combined and held together, form tissue, the next main structure unit. Organs are collections of tissues that are combined to perform a particular function in the body. Organs do not work in isolation, however, and combine with other organs to create a biological system. Cells The cell is the most basic structural unit in the body. There are around 300 different cell types in the human body. While they differ in function, there are certain fundamental components or features that they generally have in common, such as a nucleus (with the exception of red blood cells), cytoplasm and a cell or plasma membrane. A cell membrane is composed of 60% protein, and 40% lipid, or fat. This membrane is a phospholipid bilayer which contains embedded protein molecules. It is a living boundary separating the living contents of the cell from its environment. Its function is to regulate the passage of molecules into and out of the cell. Within the membrane, the cell consists of cytoplasm, a gel-like substance containing organelles - small structures each with their own function. Common to all human cells except red blood cells, the nucleus is...
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...part is, the technology that will change all this is already theorized and near completion. It just needs the funding required for the last bit of research. Body-on-a-Chip offers the promise of a revolution that the pharmaceutical industry has been waiting for. Rather than the current standard of the animal model, the drug testing would be done on a biomimicry of the human body. The Body-on-a-Chip employs multiple different Organs-on-Chips which, in a vacuum, react exactly as a human organ would react under certain conditions. So, if a company wants to test a new drug that they created, they know with almost one-hundred percent certainty how it would react in an actual human organ. The Body-on-a-Chip, if completed, would offer a way to connect all of these functioning Organs-on-Chips and mimic a fully functioning human body. This will expedite testing and the new products will be better and developed faster. The Organs-on-Chips function as a normal human organ would in reaction to chemicals, hormones, drugs etc. If you took a human kidney out of the body and tested it, the kidney-on-a-chip would react very similarly. The only problem is, the network in the human body is very complex and the way the organs interact with each other is key in determining what side effects a drug will have or if it will even work. If Body-on-a-Chip can be completed, it offers a way to connect the chips and simulates the complex interworking...
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...The four basic human body structure units are cells, tissues, organs and systems which, all working together make the human body function. The cells are the core structure that make up the human body, although there are many different shapes, sizes and types they consist of three main parts, the cell membrane which maintains the shape of the cell and separates and controls the movement of material into and out of the cell, the nucleus which contains the cells DNA and determines its structure and function and the cytoplasm which is the fluid in the cell that contains the organelles which perform its specific functions. There are many cell functions dependant on the cell type but the generalised functions are molecule transport, reproduction and protein synthesis. Molecule transport is the transfer of material through the cell membrane, there are two ways this happens, diffusion and active transport. Diffusion is when molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and water move from areas where there are many of the particles (high concentration) to areas with less (low concentration). Active transport is when substances are at lower concentration and require energy to be transferred. There are two means of active transport, endocytosis which is the movement of molecules from outside to inside the cell and exocytosis which is movement of molecules from inside to outside the cell, both performed via the formation of vesicles which package the molecules then fuse...
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