...social action 1. Traditional-based on customs (traditional leadership) EX queen king 2. Affective-based on emotions (charismatic leadership) 3. Rational-based on means/ends calculation (legal/rational leadership) * Ideal type construct as an analytic tool * Religion as agent of social change * Study of social stratification=(social inequality) * 3 major social change forces in sociology’s origin 1. The industrial revolution: created prosperity but stark social inequality that threatened social order 2. The French Revolution: created political instability – need for social order 3. Advances in science: proven efficacy of scientific method – advocacy to apply that method to study society Why study sociology? * So you can understand others. * So you Can understand he society awareness of peoples actions. 1/30/12 Some core concepts and major theoretical perspectives * Society: the largest human grouping characterized by a territory, independence, and a common culture and heritage * Culture: the totality of peoples way of life, evolves through interaction with each other & their environment natural and other cultures * There are 2 sides of culture 1. Material 2. Non material * Culture lag: the phenomenon of maladjustment whereby nonmaterial culture lags behind development/changes in material culture. * 2 ways culture change: 1. Innovation: introduce new ideas or objects into a culture through...
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...John Locke was a 17th-century English philosopher whose ideas formed the foundation of liberal democracy and greatly influenced both the American and French revolutions. His contributions to philosophy include the theory of knowledge known as empiricism, which addressed the limits of what we can understand about the nature of reality. Locke held that our understanding of reality ultimately derives from what we have experienced through the senses. The political implications of his theories included the notions that all people are born equal and that education can free people from the subjugation of tyranny. Locke also believed that government had a moral obligation to guarantee that individuals always retained sovereignty over their own rights, including ownership of property that resulted from their own labor. We may remark, in passing, that the modern theory of the transmutation of species is nothing but an application of Locke's teaching that species have no objective reality. Let us also note the important fact that this extreme nominalism closely approximates extreme realism. Scholastic nominalism denies the reality of species, and absolutely affirms the reality of individuals to the exclusion of everything else. In this sense Leibniz is a nominalist. English nominalism, from which the theory of transformation takes its rise, denies not only the existence of species, but also the stability of the individuals themselves. All things, says Locke, besides their author, are liable...
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...customer. Because of that , consumer will also focusing on place of the product manufactured. (Gurhan-Canli and Maheswaran, 2000), by looking COO factor , consumer will more prefer to choose imported product rather than others. (Wang and Lamb, 1983) Apart from investigating the origin effect at the product, the evaluation can also be made on the basis of a brand name when perception of product origin can also be obtained from the brand name itself (Johansson, 1993; Papadopoulos, 1993). Using the web, consumers can drive transactions with businesses, rather than the other way around. In this transaction, dominating factor is seen as price (Muzumdar, 2011; 9). They can be either extrinsic or intrinsic ( Monroe; Krishnan, 1985) There are two kinds of sponsorship, “on site” or field sponsorship and televised broadcast sponsorship it, Quester, 2001). Field sponsorship refers to the placement of a logo on sports equipment or billboards at the scene of the event (Lardinoit, Derbaix, 2001). In a marketing context, quality is concerned with the product satisfying customer needs or performing at a level that meets customer expectations (Barrow, 2011). American society for Quality Control’s definition for quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear ability to satisfy stated or implied needs. ...
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...religion, I must first define the two individually. To me, science is a systematic process of making observations through experiments and evaluating the results to draw conclusions. It uses a specific method in which one first poses a question. Then with research and other information, a hypothesis is constructed to be tested with repetition. The results will indicate whether the hypothesis is true or not. If false, the data collected is recycled to form a new hypothesis for testing again. This process insures that all information and facts are collected first and then are used to construct scientific laws and theories. For if a theory is constructed first and then backed by correlating data, then it is not science at all. Science uses the totality of the circumstances to draw these conclusions and does not pretend to confirm laws that can not be proven. Religion on the other hand does not hold such a factual process to avoid false judgments. Much of its foundation is based on faith and belief in what is passed down generationally, typically containing a view that some superhuman or divine power has developed what we see and interact with around us. It is often difficult to distinguish the so-called right belief because nothing can be proven by objective observations or factual events. I’ve come to agree with William James’s definition of religion as what, “[individuals] apprehend themselves,” and “whatever they may consider divine.” And this is largely where I see how science very...
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...Racial Profiling in the U.S. Criminal Justice System Racial profiling is among the key problems that are cited in the U.S. criminal justice system. The American Civil Liberties Union(2016) defines racial profiling as a discriminatory practice by law enforcement officers of using individual’s race, ethnicity, religion among other traits as grounds for suspicion Racial profiling has particularly affected the black Americans and other minority groups. Research shows that these minority groups and especially the black Americans are overrepresented in the U.S. Criminal system despite the fact that they constitute just a small percentage of the total U.S. population. History of Racial Profiling in the United States Racial profiling is an old problem dating back to a number of centuries ago. The history of racial profiling is ingrained in a number of historical events that cast African Americans in an inferior light. In 1704, South Carolina created the first slave patrol in which white men oversaw black slaves on plantations as well as hunting down fugitive slaves. Black Americans, most of which were slaves had to produce passes as proof of having permission not to be in plantations, or if they had been emancipated, they were required to carry with them freedom papers to show that they were free. Black people were exposed to interrogations, harassments, physical torture and even death if they were found to have run away...
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...Racial Profiling in the U.S. Criminal Justice System Racial profiling is among the key problems that are cited in the U.S. criminal justice system. The American Civil Liberties Union(2016) defines racial profiling as a discriminatory practice by law enforcement officers of using individual’s race, ethnicity, religion among other traits as grounds for suspicion Racial profiling has particularly affected the black Americans and other minority groups. Research shows that these minority groups and especially the black Americans are overrepresented in the U.S. Criminal system despite the fact that they constitute just a small percentage of the total U.S. population. History of Racial Profiling in the United States Racial profiling is an old problem dating back to a number of centuries ago. The history of racial profiling is ingrained in a number of historical events that cast African Americans in an inferior light. In 1704, South Carolina created the first slave patrol in which white men oversaw black slaves on plantations as well as hunting down fugitive slaves. Black Americans, most of which were slaves had to produce passes as proof of having permission not to be in plantations, or if they had been emancipated, they were required to carry with them freedom papers to show that they were free. Black people were exposed to interrogations, harassments, physical torture and even death if they were found to have run away...
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...interpretations of individuals and their major psychological processes are the objectives personality psychologists strive to attain from the human perspective. It is difficult to define personality it encompasses so many different aspects of the human psyche. However, in this paper personality will be defined, approaches in studying personality will be looked at and factors that influence an individual’s personality discussed. The word personality comes from the Latin word persona, which is a reference to a theatrical mask worn by Roman actors in Greek drama to project a role or false appearance (Feist & Feist, 2009). Although many psychologists agree to the words origin, they have a difference of opinion on the words meaning. Personality is defined in the free dictionary as “(1.)The quality or condition of being a person (2.)The totality of qualities and traits, as of character or behavior, that are peculiar to a specific person (3.)The pattern of collective character, behavioral, temperamental, emotional, and mental traits of a person (4.)Distinctive qualities of a person, especially those distinguishing personal characteristics that make one socially appealing (Farflex, 2013).” “Personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior (Feist & Feist, 2009).” Traits influence the individual differences in behavior, the stability of behavior over time, and the reliability of the behavior through...
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...Management Focusing on Acute Pain: A Multidisciplinary Concept Analysis The concept of managing acute pain is extremely significant to nursing as pain is one of the most common problems for which patients seek out health care resources. Pain is a complex and abstract concept that encompasses sensory, emotional, psychological, social, and spiritual perceptions of pain that may occur in combination with physical pain. Pain is difficult to describe and often hard to measure; although, most healthcare providers agree that pain is subjective and is to be measured qualitatively and quantitatively as the patient perceives its intensity. Pain can affect the quality of life of the individual by impacting them physically, emotionally, and financially. Pain can also impact the family and support systems. The treatment of pain and the loss of income due to pain increases the costs for health care, the individual, and the population. Analyzing and clarifying the concept of managing acute pain can increase the healthcare provider’s knowledge of acute pain management, define the concept of managing acute pain, and expand the understanding of the concept of managing acute pain. The aim of this analysis is to clarify the defining attributes of managing acute pain, identify antecedents that influence the perception of pain and the possible consequences of acute pain. Review of Literature To increase the understanding of the concept of managing acute pain, it is important to explore the definitions...
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...1 Strategic Management - I An overview of the course PROF. SABYASACHI SINHA SABYASACHI@IIML.AC.IN 2 Agenda for today Objectives of SM How do we achieve the objectives Major takeaways Key Success Factors Performance Evaluation The administrative norms What is Strategy and Strategic Management Process Prof. S. Sinha, Indian Institute of Management - Lucknow January 5, 2014 3 Objectives of SM Develop the competencies to practice strategy – to develop abilities of a general manager Ability to disintegrate and integrate (microscopic and telescopic views) Ability to balance between what your mind say (the rational manager), and what your heart says ( the emotional leader) Ability to see, think, and empathize a situation from multiple perspectives, and decide accordingly, knowing the trade-offs made in the process Across time (long term and short term) Across functions Across hierarchy Prof. S.Sinha, Indian Institute of Management - Lucknow January 5, 2014 4 Objectives of SM Integrate the learning from various functional management courses (tools and concepts) Offer strategy contexts for additional learning in functional courses, and develop the ability to think across time, function, and hierarchy Understand frameworks and check lists helpful in strategy formulation and review Prof. S.Sinha, Indian Institute of Management - Lucknow January 5, 2014 5 How do we achieve these...
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...Racial Profiling in the U.S. Criminal Justice System Student’s Name Institution Racial Profiling in the U.S. Criminal Justice System Racial profiling is among the key problems that are cited in the U.S. criminal justice system. The American Civil Liberties Union(2016) defines racial profiling as a discriminatory practice by law enforcement officers of using individual’s race, ethnicity, religion among other traits as grounds for suspicion Racial profiling has particularly affected the black Americans and other minority groups. Research shows that these minority groups and especially the black Americans are overrepresented in the U.S. Criminal system despite the fact that they constitute just a small percentage of the total U.S. population. History of Racial Profiling in the United States Racial profiling is an old problem dating back to a number of centuries ago. The history of racial profiling is ingrained in a number of historical events that cast African Americans in an inferior light. In 1704, South Carolina created the first slave patrol in which white men oversaw black slaves on plantations as well as hunting down fugitive slaves. Black Americans, most of which were slaves had to produce passes as proof of having permission not to be in plantations, or if they had been emancipated, they were required to carry with them freedom papers to show that they were free. Black people were exposed to interrogations...
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...to seek the meaning of the suffering he saw around him. After six years of arduous yogic training, he abandoned the way of self-mortification and instead sat in meditation beneath a bodhi tree. When Buddhists take refuge in the Buddha, are honoring the man who started the whole tradition and taking refuge in the Buddha. Dharma (or Dhamma in Pali) stands for the teachings of Buddhism, or for the practice of the Buddhist Path. And for all of the different branches of Buddhism this is obviously going to include a wide variety of texts and teachings. There are four principle beliefs in Buddhism but, the main two really known are The Four Nobel Truths and The Eightfold Path. The “Four Noble Truths” of Buddhism are: Life means suffering, the origin of suffering is attachment, the cessation of suffering is attainable, and the path to the cessation of suffering. The first of the Four Noble Truths is life means suffering. The basis of this is that to live is to suffer, because the human race is not perfect and neither is the world. On this earth, everyone inevitably suffers pain, sickness, injury, old age, and...
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...Is it dangerous for Politics to define Science? Political discourses entail following cultural and unwritten behaviors, which in most cases are driven by organizational and personal agendas, aimed at attaining particular objectives. The need to practice politics effectively has led to the emergence of political science, which covers the study of governments, political systems and process, and political policies. On the other hand, science refers to a methodical approach that is used in understanding the natural world (McLelland 1). Science is one of the most fundamental disciplines that can be relied upon in an effort to transform the society through effective decision-making. This observation arises from the fact that, science leads to the formulation of scientific theories, which are comprehensive and well-integrated set of facts. The objective of this paper is to analyze if there are any dangers to this effect. The credibility of scientific ‘facts’ arises from the construct that, the facts are repeatedly tested and accepted, thus increasing their effectiveness in making predictions on certain natural phenomena. McLelland posits, “Science is a human endeavor, which subjects it to bias, misapprehensions, and personal prejudices” (4). This argument is in line with the assumption that humans can accurately observe and measure a given phenomenon in an effort to understand the universe. However, the conclusions arrived at by humans is limited by how effective they can make sense...
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...of the transformation from indentured servitude to slavery. He rejects the idea that the introduction of African slavery to Virginia came about as an "unthinking decision.” (2). He instead says that it was a calculated plan by a small emerging class of great planters with large landholdings and political connections who brought racial slavery to Virginia. He concludes that, a small but powerful planter class gave rise to slavery for their interest. Parent utilizes Marxist class analysis for his reasoning as he says it "is a heuristic method that not only unearths the relationship between the slaveholders and the enslaved but also illuminates the totality of the colonized society" (2). By using this, he focuses his focus on "the origins, behavior,...
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...Technology and electronics is the way of the ever changing world for businesses and society as we evolve into time. When we think business we think the best in product, innovation, up to date technology and the branded electronic company and where it sits in the global business world. The researcher discovered that recent records show that less than a year ago in August 2013, Samsung was ranked number one in the top ten largest electronic companies in the world as oppose to its leading competitor the Apple company ranked at number four during this time period. This ranking was based on the most revenue produced, engineering and mechanical aspects. In addition, the smart television, the smart phone, the Samsung washing machine and the company is considered to be the most admired brand in Southern Africa. (Kwon, 2013) Samsung a Korean based company that was established on March 1, 1938 in a city named Taegu, located in South Korea by a gentleman named Byung-Chull Lee. This gentleman only had thirty thousand Korean won which is equivalent to twenty-eight U.S. dollars today which is not very much at all to start a company. The Samsung name means “three stars” in the Korean language and within several decades the company progressed into a prosperous global electronics company. (Samsung Corporation, 2013) The researcher gathers that the name meaning stars is catchy and seems to be an empowerment or motivator to reach for the stars. The evolution and creation of the Samsung Company’s...
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...The first is making routine or spontaneous law enforcement decisions such as ordinary traffic stops, where federal law enforcement officers may not any characteristics such as the use of race/ethnicity, gender, religion, national origin, or sexual orientation to any degree (Guidance, 2014, p. 1). The second standard when conducting all activities other than routine or spontaneous law enforcement activities, federal officers may consider race, ethnicity gender etc. only to the extent that there is trustworthy information relevant to the time frame that links a person to a particular listed characteristic to an identified criminal incident, organization, scheme, a threat to national or homeland security, or violation to immigration law or authorized intelligence activity (Guidance, 2014, p. 1). However in order to rely on the listed characteristic, law enforcement officers must also reasonably believe that the law enforcement, security or intelligence activity to be undertaken is merited under the totality of the circumstances such as any temporal exigency and the nature of any potential harm to be averted (Guidance, 2014, p. 1). The Constitution protects against invidious use of irrelevant individual characteristics and stresses this should not be the sole basis of law enforcement action but the guidance policy itself sets requirements beyond the constitutional...
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