...Annotated Bibliography PubMed Health (2013). Osteoporosis – Overview: thin bones, low bone density. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubhealth/PMH0001400/ This source gives a detailed and comprehensive discussion of Osteoporosis, the general knowledge of the causes, effects of this illness. It further outlines the awareness of it and throws more light on the importance of protecting ourselves as much as possible from this disease. It gives a broader insight on Symptoms and treatment of Osteoporosis. Dolbow, D. R., & Gorgey, A. S. (2013). Non-Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis. Clinical Kinesiology (Online Edition), 67(2), 5-9. It states ways and means an individual may stop Osteoporosis and also how to manage it medication free with a main emphasis on improving best of life for patients. The writer focuses hugely on the fact that the development and severity of the illness can change depending on life style choices and regular examinations and tests are vital. Most relevant procedures in stopping and managing osteoporosis are going for x-rays and scans once a while, periodic exercises or training, good choice of food, taking calcium and vitamin D properly, sunlight exposure, and putting an end to drinking and smoking. Habibzadeh, N. (2010). Preventing Osteoporosis among Underweight and Obese Sedentary Young Women. Baltic Journal Of Health & Physical Activity, 2(2), 97-103. The study is use to test the effects of walking...
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...Brief Arthritis & Osteoporosis WA Client Brief Arthritis & Osteoporosis WA Table of Contents Background 1 Arthritis 1 Osteoporosis 2 Client details 2 Objective 2 Working structure 3 Current projects 3 Current challenges 4 Environmental Analysis 5 Internal 5 Strengths 5 Weaknesses 5 Opportunities 6 Threats 6 External (Macro environment) 7 Political 7 Economics 7 Social/Culture 8 Technology 8 Environmental 9 Legal 9 Stakeholders and Competitors 10 Stakeholder 10 Competitors 10 Conclusion 11 References 12 Appendix 1 14 Appendix 2 15 Appendix 3 16 Background Arthritis Arthritis is regarded as common diseases amongst Australian. Arthritis is serious condition that can affect people of all age group even children. According HealthDirect (2014), there are over 100 different types of Arthritis that cause a wide range of symptoms which vary depending on different type. Table 1: Statistic related to people suffering from Arthritis Year | Statistic | 2007 | * 3.85 million Australians * 2.4 million (Age group 15-64) * 2 million females * 1.8 million males | 2050(prediction) | * 7 million Australians * 3.7 million females * 3.3 million males | Source: (Painful Realities - the Economic Impact of Arthritis in Australia 2007) Osteoporosis As Arthritis, Osteoporosis is also a regarded common disease in Australia with 1.2 million people estimated to have osteoporosis and 6.3 million more with...
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...Professional Development: Critiquing Research The ability to critique (critically analyse and evaluate) research from both the qualitative and quantitative paradigms is an essential skill for occupational therapists. It is this skill, integrated with expertise gained from clinical practice that underpins evidence based practice (EBP). Although there are many definitions of EBP, Muir Gray (1997) defines it as “an approach to decision making in which the clinician uses the best evidence available, in consultation with the patient, to decide upon the option which suits the patient best." The purpose of this assignment is to enable the development of skills in critical analysis by critiquing a research article, which will contribute to further development of knowledge and skills in using EBP in clinical settings. A framework developed by Hek and Moule (2006) (see pages 3- ) has been used to guide the critique of a research article. A framework was used as Caldwell et al (2010 pg e1) argue that “ frameworks assist the novice healthcare practitioner with learning about approaches to research by giving consideration to aspects of the similarities and differences between the qualitative and quantitative research paradigms.” This framework was chosen as it is comprehensive and covers points/questions raised during the critiquing process, although it is important to remember that it is not a definitive checklist and other...
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...range from bone cancers to the degenerative bone disease of osteoporosis. This paper presents the disease of osteoporosis by defining it, and outlining its causes, symptoms, testing and diagnosis, and treatment. Bones consist of living tissue and are constantly being broken down and replaced. Bone building cells called osteoblasts help to build and strengthen bones while bone cells called osteoclasts role is to reabsorb bone cells. This process is constant throughout one’s lifetime. Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by reduced bone strength that makes it more vulnerable to fracture. Bone strength is measured by establishing bone mineral density (BMD), which is also called bone mass. People suffering from osteoporosis have low bone mass. Osteoporosis is a significant health problem that affects more than 25 million people in the United States alone. 80% of those affected by osteoporosis are women. (Melton) Osteoporosis is most prevalent in women 50 years and older. Osteoporosis is also responsible for numerous fractures around bones such as vertebrae, hip, and femur. (Brunner, Eshilian-Oates) Osteoporosis has no single cause. Bone health is attributed to factors such as bone formation as a child and early adult, and the level of exercise bones have experienced, especially early in life. A drop in estrogen during menopause in women and a drop in testosterone in men can lead to diminished bone loss and osteoporosis (Clinician’s...
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...Applying the Background and Methodology of the Research Process to Problems in Health Care University of Phoenix HCS/465 Shannon S. Smalls Loleater Casey-Evans The purpose of the paper is to show how to develop and understand methodology of the research process when pertaining to manage health care. The process consists of retrieving a peer-reviewed article and applying the research methodology to the article selected. The article selected for the research methodology was Managing Aging Patients written by Robert D’Ambrosia, Jennifer Kilpatrick, and Lene Juel Rasmussen written June 2003. Based on the information in the article will help determine the methods of defining the problem, the purpose of the study, research questions, hypothesis, study variables, conceptual model, the review of related literature and the study design of the selected article. Define the Problem The problem in this scenario is the need to be able to manage and being equipped with the up and coming baby boomers. It has been predicted that 20% of the population in US will be aged 65 years by 2030 it was predicted few years ago because of up and coming baby boomers. We are all aware that the aging Baby Boomer population and with increased life expectancy and more active lifestyles, then in the past generation is beginning and will continue to place a huge demand on medical resources, predominantly from the orthopedic doctors. There will be a quadruple need of orthopedic surgeons than before...
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...immigration of younger people. The Hispanic race is growing in the United States which will add to the diverse old population. This growth change will create difficulties for policy makers and programs such as Social Security and Medicare. Both Social Security and Medicare are necessary for the elderly to survive. We need to ensure that our government enacts legislation that helps us and preserves our way of life, most important, Social Security and Medicare. Because there is less funds given toward the elderly through Social Security and Medicare, there are people working through their retirement years in order to survive. There are seven health challenges related to aging; Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, Arthritis, Osteoporosis and Falls, Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease also known as CVD, Vision and Hearing Loss, and Memory and Emotional Well-being. Two trends that will increase...
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...Research Paper Outline I. Introduction A) Hook – For thousands of years, humans have never really known what existed beyond what we could see with our own eyes. B) General Statements/Explain the Controversy – Advocates for space exploration say that there are much advantages that push humankind towards a better tomorrow. Opponents argue that there is an huge cost put into research and development C) Thesis Statement and Forecast – I think that the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages because of the benefits that people will inherit and that the economic benefit we receive is a lot more than the cost we put into it. II. Body (Arguments) A) Transition and Topic Sentence for Reason #1 – We can use the new technology 1) Supporting Detail - Not possible without NASA (Wilson, Space Program Benefits) 2) Supporting Detail -Things from fiberglass to GPS (Wilson, Space Program Benefits) 3) Supporting Detail - More investment, more commercialized (Wilson, Space Program Benefits) B) Transition and Topic Sentence for Reason #2 – The exploration development basic necessities 1) Supporting Detail - NASA started water program (Dunbar, “Water Water Everywhere!”) 2) Supporting Detail - Based off design for astronauts (Dunbar, “Water Water Everywhere!”) 3) Supporting Detail - Inexpensive, useful (Dunbar, “Water Water Everywhere!”) C) Transition and Topic Sentence for Reason #3 –The exploration extended to help people in medicine 1) Supporting...
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... Of that 36%, 4.8% were Asian Americans. According to the Office of Management and Budget, “Asians” consist of people that originate from the Far East, Southeast Asia, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan Thailand, Vietnam, or the Philippine Islands (CDC, 2014). These 14.7 million people are dispersed throughout the country, with Hawaii having the largest concentration (57%) of the total Asian population (CDC, 2014). The CDC (2014) states that minority groups “experience a disproportionate burden of preventable disease, death, and disability compared with non-minorities.” This paper will concentrate on health promotion among the Asian American population, compare and contrast the health status of this minority group to the national average, and describe suggested health promotion prevention techniques tailored to the specific needs presented in this paper. Comparison of Asian Americans to the National Average According to the 2010 Census, the fastest growing population than...
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...Individual Assignment Brittney Preece RES/320 Gretchen Oltman 9/30/2013 I reviewed an article title “Health effects of soda drinking in adolescent girls in the United Arab Emirates.” (Mahmood, Saleh, Al-Alawi, &Ahmed, 2008). As the title suggests, this research study focuses on the effects of soda drinking. I chose the article because of its highly detailed and informative title. This seems to be a great indication of the potential quality of the research. The title itself indicates what is being investigated, who the basic sample is, and the location of the research. As I reviewed the research, it became clear that the independent variable was the drinking of soda. Some of the sample drinks soda and some of the same does not drink soda. There are many different dependent variables that are recorded in the process of drawing a conclusion. This includes many different blood chemistry tests, including cholesterol and blood glucose level. The researchers also noted the body mass index of soda drinkers versus those who denied drinking soda. The sample included 275 randomly chosen girls from different schools. There is not a great deal of information about the demographics of the selected sample. However, it is noted that this information was gathered. Each individual in the study was given a questionnaire about their demographics and their consumption of soda and other sugary items. After completing the survey...
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...Eli Lilly: The Evista Project® In early 1998 Dr. August “Gus” Watanabe, executive vice president of science and technology for Eli Lilly and president of Lilly Research Laboratories (see Exhibits 1 and 2), looked out his office window toward downtown Indianapolis. He was contemplating the future commercialization path for Lilly’s new, potential blockbuster drug, Evista®, which had received FDA approval on December 9, 1997, for the prevention of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Evista®, generically known as raloxifene hydrochloride, would be entering the estrogen replacement market, a market that had worldwide sales in excess of $1 billion in 1997.[1] Of even wider significance was the fact that in initial trials, Evista® appeared to lower the incidence of breast cancer and reduced total LDL in post-menopausal women without the negative side effect profiles of currently available estrogen replacement therapies. The potential of this new therapeutic and its impact on Lilly could be enormous. Some analysts predicted that Evista® might become a $1B drug for the company.[2] With this in mind, Watanabe knew that the decision on how best to commercialize Evista® would have a profound effect on Lilly’s well-being. Should Lilly follow its traditional approach to commercialization? Or should Lilly follow a course more in line with the development approach adopted for Evista® in early 1995, which would require the organization to transform its heavyweight product...
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...BLOOMING PROSPECTS OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS Ashish Mishra1, T.R. Genitha2 1. B. Tech. Food Tech Student, 2. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Food Process Engg, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad 211007 Corresponding author: genithaimmanuel@yahoo.co.in Introduction The tenet "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food," espoused by Hippocrates nearly 2,500 years ago, is receiving renewed interest, now popularly used for Functional foods. The term functional foods was first introduced in Japan in the mid-1980s and refers to processed foods containing ingredients that aid specific bodily functions in addition to being nutritious. The Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board (IOM/FNB, 1994), Japan defined functional foods as "any food or food ingredient that may provide a health benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains." Functional foods are foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition due to certain physiologically active components, which may or may not have been manipulated or modified to enhance their bioactivity. These foods may help prevent disease, reduce the risk of developing disease, or enhance health. Rapid advances in food science and technology, an aging population, the rapid rise in health care costs, and changing government marketing and labeling regulations have also had an impact on the functional foods market. Functional foods have been...
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...requirements, this is only to be used for illustration of where to begin the title) APA Writing Style and Mechanics Student Name University of Phoenix Include Course Number and Title for the course in which you are enrolled. GEN/300: Skills for Professional Development Faculty Name and Title February 18, 2004 UOP REQUIRED TITLE PAGE Centered on the page (as shown above), include in this order: • Title of Paper (Mixed upper and lower case letters; centered, see APA p. 296) • Your Name (first and last, do not include academic or license information, i.e., BSN, RN) • University of Phoenix • Course Number and Course Title • Facilitator’s Name and Title (first and last, with academic title, i.e., MSN, MBA, PhD) • Date Submitted **All lines are double-spaced (no single or triple-spacing) throughout the entire document. The standards outlined in this sample paper are within APA guidelines; however, your instructor may have additional requirements. APA Writing Style APA does not permit use of the word “Introduction” as a level heading. Instead, begin the text of the paper by including the same title as the title on the title page (centered, upper, and lower case ). See APA, p. 298, 5.17 2 APA Writing Style and Mechanics Indent the first line of each paragraph. Use the tab key, which should be set at five to seven spaces, or ½ inch. See APA, p. 289. The Publication Manual of the American...
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...Abstract Throughout this paper, there will be an extremely debatable discussion about legalizing marijuana. Though both sides to this discussion have valid arguments, the pros outweigh the cons by a substantial amount. According to norml.org marijuana is the third most popular recreational drug in America. Federal law prohibits marijuana; anyone found with possession by federal law is punishable by up to one year in jail and a minimum fine of $1,000 for a first conviction. With making this “troubling substance” legal, the government would be able to reduce the national debt and easily reduce the overcrowding of prisons. I am proposing that people take a second to look past the negatives of drugs and focus on a plant that could better the nation. Purpose Marijuana has a negative shame involved by the government and public, but is actually a natural and successful medicine. Recently marijuana arrests have been exceeding the amount of violent crime arrests and punishments. The Marijuana Policy Project counted 872,720 pot-related arrests in the United States in 2007 alone, according to Cato. Enforcing this prohibition has put taxpayers in almost 10 billion dollars of debt annually. I believe that there are definitely more important issues that the government should be focusing on rather than throwing harmless marijuana smokers in jail. Problem or Need According to norml.org marijuana is the third most popular recreational drug in America. Nearly one in eight drug prisoners...
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...recommends breastfeeding infants for a minimum of six months, with added benefits when breastfeeding continues for more than a year. Their overall opinion is that the greatest health benefits occur when it is done for one or two years (Ryan, 2012). The United States national health objective, Healthy People 2010, set a goal to increase the number of women who breastfeed for at least six months to 50 %, focusing specifically on low-income women (Pugh et al., 2002). This research paper will look into the many benefits associated with breastfeeding for at least six months. First, what added health benefits does the infant receive if they are breastfed for at least six months when compared to an infant who is fed formula. Second, what added health benefits does a nursing mother receive by breastfeeding for at least six months or longer. Lastly, what are the added benefits that are realized by the family of a mother who breastfeeds her child for at least the first six months of their life. Therefore, this paper suggests that...
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...KEWANNA HILL JUNE 29, 2014 UNIT 4 INDIVIDUAL PROJECT AIU ONLINE DR. TAMI RESIGNER Abstract In November of 2003, President George Bush signed a controversial law that had been passed into by the United States Congress. The new legislation made changes to Medicare that was necessary in order to make Medicare better for elderly and the disabled. Some felt like the changes was for the better, and some felt like the changes made Medicare worst. The paper that I will be presenting today is about the new Medicare plan that the U.S. Congress passed in November of 2003. This paper will be answering a couple of important question, that will farther help one to understand what Medicare was like from when it was first established in 1965, until the new changes came into effect November 2003. And the question will be answered in the following order. 1. Why was it deemed necessary to change Medicare? The reason why changes were deemed necessary in Medicare was because seniors began to notice that the medication that they needed for their health was becoming too costly for them to buy from the pharmacy. And this made the legislation wanting to change Medicare in order to make health care plans for the elderly more affordable, and the second reason was to cut the overall spending of Medicare, because it is said that the way it look if Medicare don’t reduce its spending, it will come to an end in the year of 2026(www.medicalnewtoday.com). 2. What was the main provision...
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