...Chapter 7 1. A process by which organizations select objectives, establish processes to achieve objectives, and monitor performance is |a. |enterprise risk management | |b. |internal control | |c. |organizational governance | |d. |risk assessment | ANS: C 2. A process, effected by an entity’s board of directors, management and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may effect the entity, and manage risk to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of entity objectives. |a. |enterprise risk management | |b. |internal control | |c. |organizational governance | |d. |risk assessment |...
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...August 6, 2014 ABSTRACT The Flowmeter Measurement experiment was conducted to obtain the flow rate measurement by utilizing three basic types of flow measuring technique which is rotameter, venturi meter and orifice meter and to investigate the loss coefficient of fluid through 90 degree elbow. The apparatus was placed on bench. The inlet pipe was connected to bench supply while the outlet pipe into volumetric tank. Pump supply was started up when bench valve was fully closed and the discharge valve was fully opened, then bench valve was slowly opened until it is fully opened. The reading on manometers (A-J) was recorded and the flowrate was measured. The steps were repeated for different rotameter. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Objectives 3.0 Theory 4.0 Diagram and Description of Apparatus 5.0 Experimental Procedures 6.0 Results and Discussion 7.0 Sample calculations 8.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 9.0 References 10.0 Appendices INTRODUCTION In the industries, flow meter is used to measure the volumetric flow rate of fluids by introducing a constriction in the flow. The pressure difference caused by the constriction is correlated to the flow rate using Bernoulli’s theorem. In this experiment, SOLTEQ model FM101 is used to measure the different of pressure across the venture and orifice plate flow meter by measuring the value of indicated by the multi-tube manometer meniscus from A to J. if...
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...One of the most important things to remember when teaching writing is that writing is a process. Very few native speakers will ever start writing at the top of the first page and continue straight through until they finish at bottom of the last one. The entire process has five steps, but the first step in the writing process is coming up with your thoughts and ideas, also known as prewriting. Prewriting helps students gather ideas and give them a bank of possibilities for their writing. This way, as students write they do not have to make decisions simultaneously about content and language. Help your students get a head start before they write with any of these six methods for prewriting. The bank of ideas they will generate will be an invaluable resource as they write. How To Generate Writing Ideas Brainstorming Brainstorming is an activity with which most people are familiar. The object in brainstorming is to compile as large a list as possible of potential examples for a given topic. This is a great activity to do in small groups or with the entire class. Brainstorming a list of ice cream flavors is an easy one to start with when introducing the concept. Naturally, one idea will spark another, so it is helpful to have students working together when brainstorming. Give your students permission to be as creative as they like. Anything goes with brainstorming. Challenge your students to come up with as many examples as they possibly can for whatever topic you give them. Free...
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...ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would express my gratitude to my Faculty Guide Mr. Ankit Paliwal under whose guidance I successfully completed my Semiar-1 project report on the topic ‘Distillation Process’. I would also show my gratitude towards my Programme Leader Dr. Monika Thakur and our HOD Dr Amarinder Singh Bawa for including such a project in my course curriculum which gave me a chance to gain knowledge as much as I can in this field. Thank you Varun Gadodia BTech Food Technology IV semester Amity Institute of Food Technology Introduction This report examines the distillation process. This will enable the reader to understand the necessary components along with distillation calculations. Distillation is a process that separates two or more components into an overhead distillate and bottoms. The bottoms product is almost exclusively liquid, while the distillate may be liquid or a vapour or both. The separation process requires three things. First, a second phase must be formed so that both liquid and vapour phases are present and can contact each other on each stage within a separation column. Secondly, the components have different volatilities so that they will partition between the two phases to different extent. Lastly, the two phases can be separated by gravity or other mechanical means. Distillation differs from absorption and stripping...
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...Porosity Porosity is defined as the percentage or fraction of void space to bulk volume of rock. If the sedimentary particles of a rock were of uniform size and packing, as shown inFigure 1 , Figure 1 Figure 2 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the calculation of porosity would be a simple exercise in solid geometry. Of course, actual reservoir rock is a much more complicated mixture of particles, and its porosity must be measured directly from core samples or estimated by well log analysis. Figure 3 The proportion and distribution of void space in a reservoir rock can be modified by the processes of cementation, solution, fracturing, and recrystallization. In reservoir engineering, primary porosity refers to the void spaces remaining after the sedimentation of particles into the rock matrix. Secondary porosity is caused by solution channels, fractures, and vugs in the bulk volume of the matrix, and is developed subsequent to the deposition of the rock. Where both types of porosity exist, the system is referred to as a dual porosity system. The production sequence of a dual porosity system may be very different from that of a primary porosity system.Table 1 (below) gives a general range of reservoir rock matrix porosities. Generally, reservoir rock martix porosities in the lower ranges are of commercial interest only when a secondary porosity system is present. Table 1--Rock matrix porosities (after Levorsen, 1967) : Negligible 0-5 Poor 5-10 ...
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...LOGIC GATES In electronics, a logic gate is an idealized or physical device implementing a Boolean function; that is, it performs a logical operation on one or more logical inputs, and produces a single logical output. Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate, one that has for instance zero rise time and unlimited fan-out, or it may refer to a non-ideal physical device[1] (see Ideal and real op-amps for comparison). Logic gates are primarily implemented using diodes or transistors acting as electronic switches, but can also be constructed using electromagnetic relays (relay logic), fluidic logic, pneumatic logic, optics, molecules, or even mechanical elements. With amplification, logic gates can be cascaded in the same way that Boolean functions can be composed, allowing the construction of a physical model of all of Boolean logic, and therefore, all of the algorithms and mathematics that can be described with Boolean logic. Logic circuits include such devices as multiplexers, registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), and computer memory, all the way up through complete microprocessors, which may contain more than 100 million gates. In practice, the gates are made from field-effect transistors (FETs), particularly MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors). Compound logic gates AND-OR-Invert (AOI) and OR-AND-Invert (OAI) are often employed in circuit design because their construction using MOSFETs is simpler and more efficient than...
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...KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS: Preamble:: As early as 1848, Karl Marx indicated the inherent weakness of uncontrolled capitalist system guided by ruthless exploitation of labour. In the then prevailing ‘Mercantilist’ system combined with the ‘Gold Standard’, country’s wealth and power was dependent on export surplus. Export prices had to be kept low by low wages. Marx argued that creating supply while not creating purchasing power would lead to creation of ‘surplus value’. Economies would experience excess production, stock piling, down turn and periodic unemployment. Over time, the down turn would get worse. For labour, having a job or being unemployed made little difference. Marx believed that periodic recession and crisis of capitalism would lead to the self destruction of the system and its eventual downfall. He called on labour to revolt. ‘You have nothing to lose but your chains’ he said. His clarion call was ‘workers of the world unite’. It is an irony of history that Marx, a great philosopher, proved to be poor prophet, precisely because of his own advocacy. Had Marx not said what he did say, his prophecies would have come true. His ideas resulted in significant system reforms in Britain. Publication of Marx’s Communist Manifesto in 1948 put the British society and polity on guard. In 1850s British Parliament enacted a number of laws aimed at labour reforms. Trade Unions were recognized. Minimum wages were instituted. Limitations were prescribed on hours of work,...
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...to, lubrication may also not be efficiently carried out in low temperature applications because the existing moisture in the oil will freeze, hence, slowing the oil flow to the necessary machine components and parts such as journal bearings. Therefore, flowing oil must always be maintained to be in a pure condition as much as possible up to its maximum usage life, that is, free of moisture and other contaminants that may diffuse in the oil during its circulation. Moisture in the oil may exist in three forms. One, as a free water, two, as an emulsified water, and three, as a dissolved water. Free water is water that have settled at the bottom of a container of an oil-water mixture. This type of water can be easily removed by draining or by decantation in which oil is carefully transferred to an empty container to leave the bottom layer of water in the previous container. Emulsified water is water that has dispersed or scattered within the oil phase, appearing as tiny, suspended droplets. Presence of emulsified water in oil makes the oil cloudy and slightly dense in appearance as compared to a pure and clean oil that is clear in appearance. This type of water can be removed by filtration or centrifugal separation in which the oil-water mixture is spun at a relatively high speed, displacing the oil, the lighter particle, away from the center of rotation. The result will be water settling at the bottom, and can be easily flushed out of a container by draining. Dissolved water is water...
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...Documentation Techniques Introduction * Dokumentasi terdiri dari narasi, flowchart, diagram, dan materi tertulis lainnya yang menerangkan bagaimana sistem bekerja. Informasi yang didokumentasikan sendiri terdiri dari: siapa, apa, kapan, dimana, mengapa, dan bagaimana data dimasukkan, diproses, disimpan, output informasi, dan kontrol sistem. * Deskripsi narasi merupakan penjelasan tertulis secara berurutan dari komponen dan interaksi sebuah sistem. * Dokumentasi penting dalam beberapa level berikut ini: 1. Kita harus mampu membaca dokumentasi untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem bekerja. 2. Kita dituntut untuk mengevaluasi sistem kontrol internal untuk mengetahui kelebihan dan kekurangan sistem kontrol dan merekomendasikan perbaikan. 3. Kita juga harus mampu mempersiapkan dokumentasi itu sendiri. Data Following Diagrams (DFD) * Data Following Diagrams (DFD) merupakan deskripsi dalam bentuk grafik dari sumber dan tujuan data yang menunjukkan perubahan data dalam suatu organisasi. * Elemen dasar DFD: 1. Data source and destination Menggambarkan orang dan organisasi yang mengirim dan menerima data dari sistem. Tujuan data disebut juga sebagai data sinks. 2. Data flows Menggambarkan perputaran data masuk dan keluar dari proses. 3. Transformation processes Menggambarkan proses transformasi data dari input ke output. Disebut juga sebagai bubbles. 4. Data stores Menggambarkan proses penyimpanan data. Subdiving the DFD * DFD...
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...role in valuable water resources. In most cases it takes the form of a barrier across the river that causes water to pool behind the structure. This means that it helps alter the flow characteristics of rivers and streams. Without proper monitoring facilities, this may cause floods that may lead to damage to the community. The need for automated performance monitoring systems is increasing as the personnel resources available for dam safety monitoring remains limited. A properly designed and implemented automated monitoring system can save labor and improve the quality of the data and the ability of the person in charge to detect a developing safety condition. According to the Hydrology Department of Henan Province in China (2011), Banqiao Reservoir Dam connected in River Ru in Zhumadian infamously failed in 1975, causes approximately 26,000 people died from flooding. In addition, about 5,960,000 buildings collapsed, and 11 million residents were affected. Unofficial estimates of the number of people killed by the disaster have run as high as 230,000. In an article written in the Philippine Star (2009), widespread flooding caused by heavy rains in October 2009 has isolated the major population of Lingayen, Pangasinan, Philippines. Rains and water discharged late from a dam inundated 30 out of 46 towns along the Agno River in the...
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... i. Oxidation at Anode: Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 e- Reduction at Cathode cell: Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- Cu(s) Overall reaction: Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu(s) E0 (electrode potential) for Zinc is -0.76V while for Copper is +0.34V Half-cell notation: Zn(s) / Zn2+ (aq) Cu2+ (aq) / Cu(s) Overall Cell diagram: Zn(s)/Zn2+ (aq) // Cu2+ (aq) /Cu(s) Net cell potential: E0 = (+0.34) + - (-0.76) =1.10V (Relative to S.H.E) ii. Oxidation at Anode: Mg(s) Mg2+ (aq)+2e- Reduction at Cathode: Zn2+ (aq) + 2 e- Zn (s) Overall reaction: Mg(s) + Zn2+ (aq) Mg2+ (aq)+ Zn (s) E0 (electrode potential) for Zinc is -0.76V while for Magnesium is -2.37V Half-cell notation: Mg(s) / Mg2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) / Zn(s) Cell diagram: Mg(s) / Mg2+ (aq) // Zn2+ (aq) / Zn(s) Net cell potential: E0 = (-0.76) - (-2.37) = 1.61V (Relative to S.H.E) iii. Oxidation at Anode: Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 e- Reduction at Cathode: Sn2+ (aq) + 2 e- Sn (s) Overall reaction: Zn(s) + Sn2+ (aq) Zn2+(aq) + Sn (s) E0 (electrode potential) for Zinc is -0.76V while for Tin is -0.14V Half-cell notation: Zn(s) / Zn2+ (aq) Sn2+ (aq)) / Sn (s) Cell diagram: Zn(s) / Zn2+ (aq) // Sn2+ (aq)) / Sn (s) Net cell potential: E0 = (-0.14) - (-0.76) = 0.62V (Relative to S.H.E) Question 2 According to (Oldham, K. et al. 112) Current is calculated as = Number of moles* Faraday*Electromotive cells Faraday= 96,485 Coulombs/mole. Reduction Half Reactions | Experimental Reduction Potentials | Literature...
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...International School of Informatics and management, Jaipur Billing System Synopsis TEAM GROUP - 04 TEAM MEMBERS -ANIL KUMAR ANJANA -BHAIYA LAL ANJANA -SAURABH JAIN PROJECT GUIDE - Ms JYOTI KHURANA (Lecturer of MCA) Table Content 1) Introduction 2) Objective 3) Project category 4) Types of Reports 5) Technologies and tools 6) Hardware 7) Future scope 8) Analysis of Present System 9) Problem of Existing System 10)Characteristic of Proposed System 11)Feasibility Analysis i. Need for Feasibility Study ii. Technical Feasibility iii. Behavioral Feasibility iv. Economic Feasibility v. Product Perspective 12)Data flow diagram 13)Entity Relation Diagram 14)Data tables 15)Flow chart 16)Input forms 17)Conclusion 1. Introduction The project “Billing system” is an application to automate the process of ordering and billing of a “Departmental store” .This web based application is designed considering the chain of departmental store which is located in various cities. This application also administrates its users and customers. 2.Objective This project will serve the following objectives:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Add and maintain records of available products. Add and maintain customer details. Add and maintain description of new products. Add and maintain new entered category of products. Provides economic/financial reports to the owner monthly or weekly and yearly. Provides a convenient solution of billing pattern. Make an easy to use environment for users and customers. ...
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...International School of Informatics and management, Jaipur Billing System Synopsis TEAM GROUP - 04 TEAM MEMBERS -ANIL KUMAR ANJANA -BHAIYA LAL ANJANA -SAURABH JAIN PROJECT GUIDE - Ms JYOTI KHURANA (Lecturer of MCA) Table Content 1) Introduction 2) Objective 3) Project category 4) Types of Reports 5) Technologies and tools 6) Hardware 7) Future scope 8) Analysis of Present System 9) Problem of Existing System 10)Characteristic of Proposed System 11)Feasibility Analysis i. Need for Feasibility Study ii. Technical Feasibility iii. Behavioral Feasibility iv. Economic Feasibility v. Product Perspective 12)Data flow diagram 13)Entity Relation Diagram 14)Data tables 15)Flow chart 16)Input forms 17)Conclusion 1. Introduction The project “Billing system” is an application to automate the process of ordering and billing of a “Departmental store” .This web based application is designed considering the chain of departmental store which is located in various cities. This application also administrates its users and customers. 2.Objective This project will serve the following objectives:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Add and maintain records of available products. Add and maintain customer details. Add and maintain description of new products. Add and maintain new entered category of products. Provides economic/financial reports to the owner monthly or weekly and yearly. Provides a convenient solution of billing pattern. Make an easy to use environment for users and customers. ...
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...UNDERSTAND CLOGGING IN IF GRADE AND SUGGEST COUNTERMEASURES TO MINIMIZE IT A Project Report Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for Summer Training By ABHIJEET DASH (VT20132141) Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Under the Guidance of Mrs Shainu Suresh Sr. Manager, Steel Technology and Casting Flat Product Technology Group, Tata Steel Ltd. Jamshedpur i|Page DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project work entitled “Understand clogging in IF grade and suggest countermeasures to minimize it” is an authentic record of my own work carried out at Tata Steel Ltd., Jamshedpur as requirement of short term industrial/research experience for the award of degree of B.Tech Metallurgy, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, under the guidance of Mrs Shainu Suresh during 14th May to 9th July, 2013 Place: Jamshedpur Date: 8th July,2013 Abhijeet Dash VT20132141 Certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Mrs Shainu Suresh Sr.Manager, Steel Technology and Casting Flat Product Technology Group, Tata Steel Ltd. Jamshedpur. ii | P a g e iii | P a g e ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank the Management of Tata Steel Ltd. for giving me this wonderful opportunity to work with highly knowledgeable people on a project of great importance. I owe my deepest gratitude to my guide Mrs. Shainu Suresh, Sr.Manager, Steel Making...
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...Media, Universitetsservice US-AB, Stockholm ISSN 1104-4101 ISRN KTH/BFE/M-09/88-SE ISBN 978-91-977302-5-9 Abstract This thesis focuses on problems of prices and risks in the housing markets of urban China. What drives the dynamics of housing prices across regions is not only of great interest for academic researchers but also of first importance for policy makers. It is also interesting to pay attention to the issue of housing bubbles at a city level and risk allocations from an institutional view. To address the issues, the thesis applies both qualitative and econometric approaches in analyzing the urban housing markets of China. The first paper reviews articles mainly published in Chinese core journals. The existing studies are mainly concerned with such six topics as institutions, policy, land, finance, price and market. The first three topics involve the public housing allocation system reform, such fiscal and monetary tools as tax and interest rate, and the land reserve system. The housing finance treats such subjects of mortgages, bubbles and financial systems, while housing prices explore factors such as land prices, construction cost and exogenous forces like income. Finally, the housing market addresses housing circles and the relationship between housing demand and supply. In paper 2, the housing price dynamics is investigated at a national level and across regions by using the panel data with 30 provinces over 7 years (2001-2007). The empirical...
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