...Between the years of 1914 - 1918, World War One had a damaging effect on the people of Europe, with over 17 million people killed and billions left without homes. The outbreak of World War One (WW1) was triggered by numerous causes that built up the tension in Europe among multiple countries. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 was an extensively significant event that led to the outbreak of war after just one month. His assassination triggered the different factors that had escalated the tension in Europe, and caused this tension to transform into the beginning of a war. However, the alliances formed by the six countries initially involved in WW1 were considerably significant, as the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance...
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...However, a handful of events occurred over a few months and years prior to the event, consequently were short term causes. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his pregnant wife, acted as a trigger that ultimately led to war breaking out. As a result of this T.F. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. The assassination gave Austria-Hungary the ideal excuse to declare war against Serbia. An ultimatum was issued to Serbia stating that it must agree to all the terms described in the ultimatum in order to avoid war. Austria-Hungary gave Serbia 48 hours to reply and clearly stated that all the terms must be met and complied with. Serbia agreed to all terms except one. WW1 had many countries involved but not all of them entered at the same time. There were three sides to choose from at the beginning of WW1. One option was the Central Powers which included; Germany and Austria-Hungary, and were later joined by Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire, who were neutral at first then joined at a later date. There were The Allies which were made up of; Great Britain, France, Belgium, Russia, Montenegro and Serbia. The Allies were later joined by Portugal, Italy, Greece and Romania who all left the neutral nations. The neutral nations were made up of; Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland,...
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...The outbreak of war in Europe in 1914 was due to an aggressive German foreign policy which had been waged since c.1900 Source X, though suggesting a variety of reason, places most blame on the German encirclement for the birth of the First World War in August 1914. Source V too highlights a selection of factor the war can be blamed on. It suggests German domestic tensions and fear of “civil war” to concern of encirclement via the triple entente started the war. Source W proposes that the outbreak of war was due to German aggression. The Naval race between Germany and Britain as well as general Weltpolitik is to blame for the start of war. Ultimately German aggression was key but caused by encirclement. Source W suggests that aggressive German Weltpolitik was a major contributing factor leading up to the start of the First World War. After seeing the success that his cousin had in England, Kaiser Wilhelm decided that he too wanted an empire and desired the restoration of “Germany’s place in the sun”. This called for a more aggressive stance on foreign policy. Keen on expanding “German actions going back to the 1890s had done much to create international tension” source W states. Germany was more likely to enter conflict with neighbouring countries to gain land and territory increasing German status and strength, due to extreme desire to expand. This is clear in German interest in morocco. During the 1905-11 Moroccan crises, German-French relations reached new tensions...
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...Causes WW2 Treaty of Versailles: * Peace treaty after WW1 * 28 June 1919 * The treaty was registered by the League of Nations * The League of Nations was established in 1920 after WW1. It should prevent the outbreak of another war * Germany: * Germany saw the treaty as a punishment * Had to give up part of their territories (Rheinland) * Germany had to admit the war guilt for WW1 * Pay preparations cost to France and Britain Rise of fascism: * Fascism is a totalitarian form of government: * Glorifies the state * Has one leader and one party * All aspects of society are controlled by the government * No opposition or protests are tolerated * Propaganda and censorship are widely practiced * Italy: Benito Mussolini (1922) Great depression, unemployment level high * After WW1 many countries had to suffer from unstable European economy * However to boom in the U.S. helped to sustain worldwide trade * 1929 stock market crashed (Great Depression) * Unemployment level rose * Power leaders and government promised success through military buildup and imperialism Japanese Expansionism: * 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria for raw materials * Sino-Japanese war 1937 * 1938 Japan and Soviet war Fascism Vs. Communism * Production is controlled by the government * Media and all other aspects of society are property of the government *...
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...Dillon Milliron 4-3-14 Period 6th WWI Essay World War I is known as the war to end all wars. This statement was obviously not accurate. There are many topics that caused WWI but the main causes are militarism, nationalism, the building of alliances and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The two alliances that fought against one another in this war were the Triple Entente which consisted of France, United Kingdom, Russia (whose place in the war would later be taken by the United States of America) and the Central Powers which consisted of Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary. WWI took place mainly in various parts of Europe. The Great War lasted for 4 years, from July 28, 1914 to November 11, 1918. Militarism, nationalism, and the forming of alliances are what escalated and kicked off World War I. Militarism is the belief that a country should build and maintain the strongest army. Every country in the world has the desire to possess the strongest and largest army, stronger and larger than all other countries. During the build up to WWI there was a mad scramble to build the strongest army amongst all of the countries that participated in the war. France, Germany, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Austria-Hungary, and the United States all wanted to prove that their army was superior to all others. There is no better way to prove that your military is the best then to put it into war against another military. Building a strong military was not cheap at all, “Counting...
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...During WW1 they’re where different country that was battling each other for lands. That created a lot of confrontation between the different country leaving them to a bloody war. Many people need to take the time out to understand they’re history. People need to understand the WW1 and how it effected many people that was serving in it. That helped to protect their country by going to war with other countries. The event that was widely acknowledged to have sparked the outbreak of World War 1 occurred on June 28,1914, when Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was shot to death with his wife by the Bosnian Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo. Over the weeks that followed, Austria- Hungary blamed the Serbian government for the attack, hoping to use the incident as justification for settling the problem of Slavic nationalism in the tumultuous Balkans region once and for all. However, as Russia supported Serbia, an Austria-Hungary declaration of war was delayed until its leaders received assurances from German leader Kaiser Wilhelm ll that Germany would support their cause in the event of a Russian intervention. This assurance came on July 5, Austria-Hungary subsequently...
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...World War One The first world war started for many reasons like competion of the colonies, military technology development, economic competition and different national interests. Many historians believe that Germany caused World War One. But the first world war was triggered on June 28, 1914, when Austrian Empire Franz Ferdinand was murdered by a Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. After that Germany declared war on Russia and France in the beginning of August. Russia and France became allies. On August 4th The United Kingdom declares war on Germany, after Germany invades Belgium. Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia and Serbia declares war on Germany on August 6. On August 19th President Woodrow Wilson announces the United States will remain neutral. In early November The United Kingdom announces that the North Sea is a military area, effectively creating a blockade of goods into Germany. Allied countries An alliance is an agreement made between two or more countries to give each other help if it is needed. When an alliance is signed, those countries become known as Allies. But allies changed in the war many times. The war divided Europe into two armed camps. On one side was the Triple Alliance made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, and their enemy was the Triple Entente of France, Russia and Great Britain. As other countries began to join sides, the Triple Alliance became known as the Central Powers...
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...Daniel Walker (1554) What was the short term significance of World War One for Britain’s Empire in India? The First World War (WW1) would prove to embody the climax of British colonial ideologies and strengthen India’s international profile as an evolving nation. The Indian contribution to the war was extraordinary and Gandhi’s conscription efforts for the British Army was based upon the premise of fighting for ‘the good and glory of human civilisation’ – a contrasting attitude to the one displayed in the initial stages of the Second World War (WW2) when he boycotted the recruitment drive. At the start of the war in 1914 Britain was the world’s dominant power however WW1, although concentrated in Europe, threatened global British diplomatic authority and it was John Buchan who stipulated that the war only ‘blew the dry winds toward the Indian border… where the parched grasses await the spark’. In context, his prognosis prophesises the effects the war would have on not only the British government but on Indians also, whose tide of nationalist thinking was to be fortified. Word count: 292 Word count: 292 Word count: 558 Word count: 558 A sharp increase in anti-seditious government policy illustrates the embedded British fear of an Indian uprising as a result of the war, how it changed both the social and political landscape of India and enforced the Western ideals of democracy. The focus on the war effort in France, although with logical intentions, exposed the fragility of...
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...Assess the significance of war in influencing the transformation of approaches to medical treatment and surgery in the period 1870-1990 Throughout 1870-1990, warfare played a crucial role in transforming approaches to medical treatment and surgery as it; prompted more government responsibility in healthcare, innovated technological developments in medicine such as the establishment of blood transfusion services, contributed to individual breakthroughs by catalysing the development, and mass-production of penicillin. However, there's an ongoing historical debate regarding the significance of other factors' influence in transforming approaches to medical treatment and surgery. Other factors include; individuals who used their scientific knowledge to develop new medical treatment and surgical treatments, and the role of the government in enhancing healthcare in Britain. The effects of war were prevalent as early as the Second Boer War; which exposed inadequacies within the healthcare system, instigating increased government awareness towards poor health. Henry Hyndman suggested up to 50% of volunteers were unfit and in Manchester, 8,000 out of the 11,000 who volunteered for the army were rejected as they were physically unsuitable. The public's poor health hindered recruitment for the Boer War alarmed the government. This forced them to respond by establishing the inter-department Committee on Physical Deterioration; which highlighted nutrition as an indicator of the public's...
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...which would translate to being lax to their duty and their nation (Women in Australia before World War 1, 2017). Women had no rights and were expected to complete daily chores without complaining. Women were also thought to be less intelligent than men were, and it was not necessary for them to attend school as often (The Changing role of women during WW1, 2013). From 1914 – 1918, women’s roles in society changed drastically due to World War 1 and other economic depressions throughout the world. In many countries around the world such as United States, Europe, Australia and Germany, women began to gain opportunities within society (The Changing role of women during WW1, 2013). A large number of women were recruited into jobs vacated by men, who had gone to fight in the war. Women’s employment rates increased from 23.6% to between 37.7% and 46.7% between 1914 to 1918 (World War 1: 1914 – 1918, 2018). New jobs were also created, once the men set off to war. There was a high demand for weapons, which resulted in munitions factories becoming the largest single employer for women during the years of War (The Changing role of women during WW1, 2013). Before war, the roles of women were simple and sad, but now women play an important role in society. World War 1 changed women’s lives and showed society that they were capable of completing jobs designed for men and showed that they were intellectually more than capable of taking part in society. During World War 1, more than 3000 Australian...
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...Adapt your question | Failed by Communists | Contrast to Tsars | Counter argument where it can be proven other way round | POLITICAL (levels of political representation) | At the time of the PG, they were dominated by Kadets & Octobrists who didn’t represent the working class.The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed by Lenin led to Civil war which resulted in mass demobilisation and unemployment (1/2 of Petrograd workers were unemployed). Increased strikes shown by the Kronsdadt rebellion showed relations between the so called workers gov and workers deteriorated. They were violently repressed afterwards and the basic rights and freedoms of the workers suffered as there was essentially no political freedom for workers. Under Stalin’s rule political representation ceased to exist and there were no more workers rights, also strikes were forbidden. There was no improvement of rights under Khrushchev’s rule. | Alex II- The 1864 Zemstva act as well as creating a Zemstva also created municipal councils called dumas in towns and cities. Also people had the right to vote if they paid taxes showing that they got some political representation even though it was at a local level and the best representation came through trade unions. Under Nicholas II, the October Manifesto saw the granting of a State Legislative Duma- where they could make laws. This was significant in improving the political status as they now had some say in central government...
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...Assess the changing significance of economics and finance in influencing Britain’s relationship with its African empire in the period c1870-c1981 Economic and financial factors played a massive influencing role with Britain in its relationship with Africa, because the benefits that Britain gained from expanding their empire into Africa were financial and territorial which allowed Britain to achieve their goal of ‘pursuit of greatness’ as there was much international rivalry. Although not all of Britain’s relationship with Africa was simply influenced by economic or financial factors, in the period of expansion 1870-1902 it may have not of just been the economical gains from expanding which was the pushing force but also Britain may have had strategic concerns in mind, they may have simply wanted to gain as much dominance within Africa as possible. Furthermore the years of 1902-1955 revealed a period of consolidation at the time where there was a lot of global conflicts going on at the time Britain’s main priority within Africa was to defend and simply keep their African empire, so it could have been a mixture of political, strategic and economic factors influencing Britain’s relationship with Africa within these particular fifty-three years. And of course lastly between 1955-1981 comes the period of contraction between Britain and Africa where the dismantling of the British colonies within Africa takes place. The period of expansion for Britain within Africa can firstly...
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...destructive effect. Evidence from sources will be compiled throughout this essay to explain the positive versus negative effects that the UAVs have and of the two effects have a larger reward for military purpose. According to American Scientist Larry Greenmeier , “ The September 11, 2001 attacks initiated an outbreak of advances in military technology over the past decade that has helped the U.S. and its allies redefine modern warfare”. UAVs have had a greater impact on America's missions in the Middle East than conventional aircraft. The following several ideas are what military specialist Dadney. B , Asymmetric Operations Fellow Robert Froust , congressional research associate Elizabeth Bone and congressional specialist in National Defense Christopher Bolkcom believe have lead to the military’s unprecedented levels of usage of UAVs instead of conventional aircraft throughout the last decade: the preservation of soldier life, unparalleled levels of infiltration, surveillance, unlimited time restraints, and instant speed processing power. Preservation of soldier life is the most important objective of safety in U.S military combat operations. In World War 1 (WW1), pilots had a typical life expectancy of several weeks while flying in combat, at least in the early part...
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...Word count= 2000 Word count= 2000 World War Two (WW2) and the situation it created within Germany saw the creation of two rival political systems which were influenced by rival foreign powers. In this aspect, it can be seen as the key turning point in German political systems. When Germany at the end of WW2 was conquered and occupied by the allies between the years 1945-1949 (point zero), the subsequent rift between the capitalist allies (Britain, France and America) and the communist allies (Russia) formed two opposing democratic Germany’s; The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR). This is significant, due to foreign powers controlling Germany’s political system, as well as the departure from Sonderweg, meaning Germany no longer followed a unique path of development and that nationalism and militarism were on the decline. The significance of the previous German eras, Kaiser Reich (Semi-Autocratic Empire), Weimar Republic (Federal Democracy) and the Third Reich (Dictatorship) are also significant, however in political terms they are not as significant as post 45. The significances of post 1945 can be seen by its success of creating a working democracy in Germany after 1945, the FRG. One reason why the FRG was successful revolves around the sudden decline in German militarism and nationalism. This is evident in the fact that the FRG’s constitution was based on the Weimar Republics concept of ‘Grundgesetz’, which means basic law. The implications...
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...meets in Paris. 1898: The Spanish-American war, the Philippines, Guam and Porto-Rico are transferred to the USA. 1899: Boer, settler’s rebel against British rule is South Africa. 1900: The boxer rebellion in China against foreign influence. 1901: President Mc Kindy is assassinated by an anarchist. 1906: The British battleship the dreadnaught is launched, naval race with Germany begins. 1907: The triple Entente is formed between Britain, Russia and France. 1908: A commission uncovers abuses and maltreatment of tribe’s people in the Belgian Congo. 1910: Japan annexes Korea. 1914: 28th June: The heir to the Austro-Hungarian is assassinated. 28th July: Austria bombards Belgrade, with the opening shots of WW1. 4th August: All major European powers at war. Political Ideologies: Socialism: • Developed in the 19th century as a result of industrial revolution. • Based on enlightenment assumptions: 1. Mankind was basically good. 2. Problems of society could be remedied. 3. A gov’t owes a duty to its citizens. • Marxism was the most important form of socialism • Means of producing and distributing goods is owned collectively or by a centralized government. Anarchism: • This is a radical form of socialism, developed in the 19th century. • Never very powerful, or popular. • Anarchism is based on three principals; 1. People are born good but corrupted by society. ...
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