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Outline and Evaluate Research Into Cross Cultural Variations in Attachment.

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Outline and evaluate research into cross cultural variations in attachment. There are three main experiments that deal with the hypothesis of cross cultural variations in attachment by using the basis of the Strange Situation test. Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988) these two men created a meta-analysis which is where they collect already completed experiments and compare them too each other on a specific topic. This allows researchers to get a better look at overall trends and identify possible relationships that might exist, by doing this they may be able to identify trends that could not be seen in smaller-scale studies. They used 32 studies from 8 different countries that all used the strange situation procedure to study attachment. Using a meta analysis (statistical technique) they calculated the average percentage for the different attachment styles (e.g. secure, avoidant and ambivalent) in each country. The found that secure attachment was the most common type of attachment in all cultures. The lowest percentage of secure attachments was shown in china and the highest in Great Britain. Takahasi (1990) their aim is to prove if the Strange Situation is a valid procedure for cultures other than American middle class, white children and their mothers. They used 0 middle class Japanese mothers and their children and they were all observed under the strange situation directions. By doing this they found that they had very similar securely attached percentage to Ainsworth and Bell at 68% had a 0% reading for Avoidant and a 32% reading for Ambivalent. However, 90% of the cases had the ‘child alone’ stage removed due to distress during this stage. The conclusion of this experiment was that the Strange Situation does not measure Japanese behaviour effectively and therefore may not be a valid measure of attachment type. Grossman and Grossman (1991) their aim

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