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Outline Making

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Writing a Formal Outline MAKING AN OUTLINE TO HAND IN
Finally, you may also be required to write a formal outline--an outline that serves as a guide to your paper for your reader. If you haven't already been making formal outlines, this outline will be a formal version of your previous notes; it lays out your main points and subpoints for your reader. Generally, this kind of outline uses conventions of formal outlining: Roman numerals, letters and indentations. Sometimes this sort of outline can be produced after you have written your essay.
Formal outlines can be written in two ways. In topic outlines, the ideas are expressed in parallel phrases (in other words, they are expressed in the same grammatical form--as noun phrases, as verb phrases, etc.). Topic outlines have the advantage of being brief. In sentence outlines, on the other hand, the ideas are expressed in complete, though not necessarily parallel, sentences. Sentence outlines give the reader a clearer idea of what you will argue.
Regardless of the kind of formal outline you choose, convention states that you begin with a statement of your thesis and indicate increasing levels of support in this order: I., A., 1., a., (1), (a). In scientific papers, however, a decimal system is also commonly used. A topic outline follows:
Thesis: Among the pluralist, elitist, and neo-Marxist political theories, neo-Marxism provides the most powerful analysis of the current political scene.
I. Functions of political theories A. Tools to help understand governments 1. Categorization 2. Comparison a. point b. point i. sub-point ii. sub-point B. Limitation: Over-simplification
II. Three political theories A. Neo-Marxism 1. Definition 2. Description a. point b. point B. Pluralism 1. Definition 2. Description C. Elitism 1. Definition 2. Description
III. Comparative analysis of U.S. government A. Pluralism 1. Analysis 2. Weaknesses B. Elitism 1. Analysis 2. Weaknesses C. Neo-Marxism 1. Analysis 2. Critique a. Strengths b. Weaknesses
IV. Conclusion
Notice in a formal outline, whenever a point is subdivided, there are at least two subpoints. Logic and convention state that when you divide a point, you can divide it into no fewer than two subpoints. - NOTE: this is a VERY brief outline! I EXPECT a much more involved and in-depth outline. The more complete it is, the more your paper is written for you. Complete sentences are good!

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