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Outline an Issue Indicated by the Resource and Suggest Appropriate Strategies for Its Management. (10 Marks)

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Submitted By DannyRhys
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The resource shows the trail of a tornado which has swept through the urban areas of Atlanta with a relatively narrow corridor of around 100m. The enhanced Fujita reading suggests that this tornado read predominantly a 1 meaning that this was not a particularly devastating tornado yet the damage will still have been overwhelming. However tornadoes are not scarce across North America with an average of 1000 tornadoes touching down per annum. This is the case as the warm moist air fronts travelling north across America often meet the cold dry fronts travelling south from the arctic. These two temporal changes and density changes along with a strong Coriolis force combine to create the perfect conditions for tornadoes. The resource also shows that the tornado touched down at 9:38 pm on the 14th of March. This again is no anomaly as this is a perfect time for tornadoes to strike. First of all the tornado touched down in spring when there is the highest chance of warm moist air (adding power to the air) coming into contact with cold dry air but also at 9:38 pm the juxtaposition in air temperature could have easily lead to a tornado as long as the area was not along the equator were Coriolis force is weak. The tornado would perhaps leave behind a devastating ruin particularly in an LEDC were structures would be weak and health and insurance low, leaving issues politically, economically and socially.

This is why community preparedness would be the most appropriate strategy for its management. This is the case as if the community were prepared with items like an emergency kit as well as being fully stocked with non-perishable food, water, first aid, torch and radio the tornado's damage would perhaps be subsidised. This could be the case in both developed and developing countries. This would mean that the rate of devastation would be decreased as more would understand procedures and understanding would be increased dramatically. For example in this case a family to the west of the resource in perhaps one of the worst hit areas would know to head to the nearby stadium for food and supplies. This would mean that they would first be able to survive if they were hit particularly badly along with being given a platform to rebuild. Elsewhere evacuation plans can be set up to avoid confusion and panic. In countries like America community preparedness can often be spread rapidly. The vast media network and public information broadcasts can swiftly prepare a family for a probable tornado strike. However this is not always the case in LEDC’s where literacy rates are often low and so pictorial leaflets or printed leaflets have to be sent out to advise locals of what to do before, during and after a tornado.

A second appropriate strategy would be working on prediction and warning of tornadoes. This is a pivotal strategy as it can give civilians located in likely to be hit areas sufficient warning so they can prepare for the worst. Government national centres of excellence can provide information about incoming storms. Satellites and supercomputer can then store and provide information that can be used to predict these supercells. These prediction models could lead to thousands of lives been both saved and spared. However of course these are extremely expensive so of course LEDC's won't have this form of equipment. But even so MEDC's may still give them some warning. If not the internet does allow for cheap meteorological information from other nations about potential air masses that may turn tornadic which LEDC's can access. Elsewhere other prediction methods are reconnaissance flight information and mobile and fixed Doppler radars that can track developing supercell clouds. However if there was no way of warning people then this information would be futile therefore the rapid connection can have people warned of a supercell within minutes of it being discovered. However tornadoes are hard to accurately pinpoint as researchers can not be sure if a funnel will form but they are still extremely localised. Community preparedness would also assist this communication as they would be aware not to clog up telephone network lines when it may be needed for emergencies during a tornado.

A final appropriate strategy that can be used when managing tornadoes is modifying loss during and after a tornado strikes. A major contributing factor to the appropriateness of this strategy is insurance. Homes and businesses can be insured against natural hazards so that they can repair and rebuild after being hit by a tornado. Particularly in likely to be hit areas like tornado alley in North America. Architecture can also help to modify loss as newer buildings will be built to be able to withstand higher pressures than older weaker buildings. This will mean that firstly the people inside will be safe but also less damage will be caused in the aftermath. People can also be aware that objects do have to be fastened down particularly when weather warnings have been announced. This will mean that less debris is flung into the air before being dropped elsewhere modifying loss. However this is not the case in LEDC's who cannot provide Insurance or strong secure buildings, this means that loss is often high, like in Adessa. However mental issues cannot always be modified, particularly bereavement which is a long term tertiary impact, however the sooner normal life is resumed the sooner people can begin to heal.

A final strategy that is often used when managing climatic hazards but is totally inappropriate when tornadoes are involved is modifying the event. This is the case as tornadoes are rapid super forces that no one has or can control. Therefore other strategies are more important. Particularly community preparedness along with prediction and warning and modifying the loss. However there is a huge technological gap between MEDC's and LEDC's meaning that these strategies are not universal. However horrific Incidents like Adessa and Katarina show that these strategies need to continue to improve. Particularly with the rate of global warming which is increasing the chances of warmer moist air meeting cold dry air, making tornadoes even more frequent.

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