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Outplacement

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Chancen und Risiken des Einzel- und Gruppenoutplacement
Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Einführung und Fragestellung 3
2. Outplacement allgemein 3
2.1 Einzeloutplacement 3
2.2 Gruppenoutplacement 4
3. Chancen und Risiken 5
3.1 Einzeloutplacement 5
3.2 Gruppenoutplacement 6
4. Fiktives Fallbeispiel 7
4.1 Vorstellung 7
4.2 Chancen und Risiken Einzeloutplacement 8
4.3 Chancen und Risiken Gruppenoutplacement 8
5. Fazit
6. Literaturverzeichnis 10
Anhang 12

1. Einführung und Fragestellung
Die Inanspruchnahme von externen Outplacementleistungen ist ein immer häufiger eingesetztes personalpolitisches Instrument in Verbindung mit der Personalfreisetzung im Unternehmen. Outplacement ist eine „freiwillige Personaldienstleistung für von Personalabbau betroffene Mitarbeiter, die in der Regel vom Arbeitgeber finanziert wird. Sie umfasst die zeitlich befristete beratende und trainierende Unterstützung bei der Suche nach einer neuen Stelle. Ziel der Maßnahme ist die möglichst rasche Aufnahme einer neuen Erwerbstätigkeit, die den Qualifikationen und Bedürfnissen des Mitarbeiters entspricht.“
Man unterscheidet hierbei die Beratung einer einzelnen Person in Form eines Einzeloutplacement und der Betreuung einer Gruppe von Personen anhand eines Gruppenoutplacements. Welche dieser beiden Möglichkeiten bei gegebenen Rahmenbedingungen zum Einsatz kommen sollte, wird im Folgenden durch eine Analyse der Chancen und Risiken der jeweiligen Outplacementform genauer untersucht.
2. Outplacement allgemein
Die Outplacement-Beratung, ob Einzelcoaching oder Gruppentraining teilt sich in verschiedene Phasen auf:
Zu Beginn steht die Analysephase, bei der die beruflichen Stärken und Schwächen, sowie die persönliche Situation erhoben wird. Dabei ist es wichtig, dass der Arbeitnehmer nach der Negativerfahrung Kündigung überhaupt erst neuen Mut sammelt, um mit Optimismus in die Bewerbungsphase zu starten.
Die zweite Phase beginnt, sobald der oder die Teilnehmer eine klare Vorstellung über das zukünftige Ziel haben. Es werden detailliertere Strategien zur Bewerbung festgelegt. Bei vielen Bewerbern liegt die letzte Bewerbung Jahre zurück und sie wissen nicht mehr, wie ein gutes Bewerbungsdossier erstellt wird.
In der dritten Phase beginnt der eigentliche Abschnitt der Bewerbung. Neue Unternehmen werden kontaktiert, Vorstellungsgespräche vorbereitet und organisiert. Das Ziel von Outplacement ist eine faire menschliche und konsequente Trennung, sowie eine den beruflichen Fähigkeiten und den Bedürfnissen entsprechende neue Anstellung zu finden.
2.1 Einzeloutplacement
Beim klassischen Einzeloutplacement wird die Beratung auf die spezifischen Bedürfnisse des entlassenen Mitarbeiters zugeschnitten. Ziel von professionellen Einzeloutplacement Maßnahmen sollte immer der langfristig orientierte berufliche Erfolg für den betroffenen Mitarbeiter sein.
2.2 Gruppenoutplacement
Beim Gruppenoutplacement werden mehrere Personen gemeinsam beraten, die aus der mittleren oder unteren Unternehmensebene kommen. Häufig ist dies bei großflächigerem Personalabbau der Fall, wie bei betriebsbedingten Kündigungen. Durch den reduzierten inhaltlichen, sowie zeitlichen Umfang sind die Kosten im Vergleich zum Einzeloutplacement wesentlich geringer und es kann auch einer größeren Anzahl von Mitarbeitern gleichzeitig angeboten werden. Diese Beratung sollte eher dazu dienen, eine Möglichkeit zu bieten, sich wieder erfolgreich dem Arbeitsmarkt repräsentieren zu können und schnell einen Wiedereinstieg in den gewünschten Beruf zu ermöglichen, als eine Begleitung durch den Bewerbungsprozess. Der Freisetzungsgrund sollte nicht personell bedingt sein, da dies ausdrücklich eine Einzelberatung benötigt.
3. Chancen und Risiken
Im Folgenden werden die Chancen und Risiken zu Einzel- und Gruppenoutplacement genauer erörtert.
3.1 Einzeloutplacement
Outplacement für Arbeitnehmer, die bisher in Führungspositionen tätig waren, wird in Deutschland meistens im Rahmen einer Einzelberatung durchgeführt. Über 70% der Kunden von Einzeloutplacement-Projekten finden vor Vertragsablauf eine neue Position.
Der Outplacementberater dient hierbei als Karrierebegleiter, der vor allem fachliche und psychische Unterstützung in allen Phasen der Neuausrichtung anbietet. Es findet ein Individualcoaching zur Vorbereitung, Orientierung und Stabilisierung für den neuen Lebensabschnitt statt. Der Berater kann sich mehr Zeit nehmen und intensiver auf dessen individuelle Bedürfnisse eingehen, ihn auf Gespräche und Interviews vorbereiten und Stellenangebote bewerten, wobei der Betroffene seine Berufs- und Lebensziele zuvor definieren sollte. Es werden also berufliche Wünsche mit den Anforderungen des Arbeitsmarkts abgewogen damit der Betroffene möglichst schnell wieder einen neuen Arbeitsplatz findet.
Das Einzeloutplacement birgt für das entlassende Unternehmen die Chance einer fairen Trennung. Außerdem verhilft es dem Unternehmen zu einem Imagegewinn bzw. vermindert den entsprechenden Schaden. Denn sowohl die Öffentlichkeit als auch die eigenen Mitarbeiter nehmen wahr, dass sich auch nach der Entlassung um die Betroffenen gekümmert wird. Dadurch wird einer Negativ-Propaganda vorgebeugt, die Organisation wird gestärkt und die Mitarbeiter zeigen höheres Engagement.
Das Einzeloutplacement bringt ein höheres finanzielles Risiko für das Unternehmen mit sich als das Gruppenoutplacement. Obwohl die Erfolgsquoten des Outplacements hoch sind, gibt es keine Garantie für eine Neueingliederung in die Arbeitswelt. Möglich wäre auch, dass der betroffene Mitarbeiter auf das Outplacement verzichtet und so eine höhere Abfindung aushandeln kann, denn in vielen Fällen besteht die Möglichkeit, selbst eine neue Arbeitsstelle z. B. über das eigene Kontaktnetz zu finden.
3.2 Gruppenoutplacement
Als mögliche Chance des Gruppenoutplacements soll hier zuerst die Tatsache genannt werden, dass die komplette Gruppe in den Prozess jedes einzelnen eingebunden wird und somit ein hohes Maß an Erfahrung generiert werden kann. Allgemein lässt sich in diesem Zusammenhang sagen, dass der Ablauf bei Gruppenoutplacements immer einem ähnlichem Schema folgt. Dieses Schema beinhaltet den permanenten Wechsel zwischen Plenumsinformation, Einzel- und Gruppenarbeit. Sehr wichtig für das Unternehmen ist die finanzielle Einsparung durch verkürzte Restlaufzeiten, da die zu Entlassenden mit Hilfe von Outplacement in der Regel zügig eine neue Position besetzen können.
Die Chancen für die betroffenen Unternehmen stellen sich simultan zu Einzeloutplacement dar. Hervorgehoben soll hier noch das positive Signal für die verbleibenden und potentiell neuen Mitarbeiter werden. Gerade in Zeiten schwieriger wirtschaftlicher Lage ist es für Unternehmen unablässig sich, auch wenn zum gegebenen Zeitpunkt viele Stellen abgebaut werden müssen, eine solide Reputationsgrundlage zu schaffen, so dass in Zeiten wirtschaftlichem Wachstums zukünftige Bewerber schon eine positive Sicht auf das Unternehmen haben.
Auch die Risiken beim Gruppenoutplacement entwickeln sich analog zum Einzeloutplacement. Zu den schon aufgezählten Risiken, kommt beim Gruppenoutplacement noch hinzu, dass einzelne Mitglieder in der Gruppe nicht die Aufmerksamkeit und Unterstützung erhalten, welche sie benötigen. Diesem Risiko sollte generell von den Beratern entgegengegangen werden. Des Weiteren kommt hinzu, dass, trotz aller Vorteile für den Arbeitgeber, bei jedem Gruppenoutplacement-Termin eine größere Anzahl seiner Arbeitnehmer auf einmal und für längere Zeit keine Arbeit verrichtet, da die Outplacementleistungen in der Arbeitszeit stattfinden.
4. Erfahrungsberichte
4.1 Vorstellung
Im Folgenden werden die oben genannten Chancen und Risiken an Hand von zwei Erfahrungsberichten für das Einzel- sowie auch das Gruppenoutplacement dargelegt. Für das Einzeloutplacement wurde ein Fallbeispiel der Mühlenhoff Managementberatung gewählt . Zur Erörterung der Chancen und Risiken des Gruppenoutplacement dient eine Publikation der Unternehmensberatung KRINNER + PATNER.
4.2 Chancen und Risiken Einzeloutplacement
Im vorliegenden Erfahrungsbericht der Managementberatung Mühlenhoff + Partner lassen sich die positiven Erfolge von Einzeloutplacement gut aufzeigen. Die im Unternehmen langfristig angestellte Managerin nahm die Möglichkeit des Outplacements gerne an und erarbeitete mit ihrem persönlichen Berater ein umfangreiches Konzept, welches ihr letztendlich bei einer erfolgreichen Neubewerbung zu Gute kam. Die Betreuung mit Hilfe eines Einzeloutplacement für die Managerin ist optimal gewählt worden, da es sich nur um eine einzelne Person handelte, die freigesetzt werden musste. Zudem wird es bei der Freisetzung von Führungskräften meist empfohlen Einzeloutplacement anzubieten, da diese meist über speziellere Kenntnisse und größeres Fachwissen verfügen, auf welches die Beratungsagentur besser individuell eingehen kann. Auch haben Führungspersonen meist ein größeres Wissen über das Unternehmen, welches sie bei einer uneinigen Trennung für schlechte Presse oder ähnliches verwenden könnten. Die zusätzlichen Kosten für Einzel- statt Gruppenoutplacement werden somit gedeckt durch den verhinderten, denkbaren Imageschaden am Unternehmen, hohen Abfindungszahlungen und möglichen Kosten aus Rechtsstreitigkeiten.
4.3 Chancen und Risiken Gruppenoutplacement
Der Erfahrungsbericht der Unternehmensberatung KRINNER + PATNER zeigt auf, dass das Gruppenoutplacement als Lösungsansatz dienen kann um auch Mitarbeitern die nicht zu den hohen Führungsebenen zählen, Outplacement – Beratung kostengünstig anzubieten. Denn laut KRINNER + PARTNER kann die finanzielle- und imageschädigende Wirkung auch von nicht zu den Führungsebenen zählenden Mitarbeitern erheblich ausfallen. Somit erhält das Unternehmen durch das Gruppenoutplacement die Chance Racheakte der zu entlassenden Mitarbeiter und sowohl internen als auch externen Imageschaden abzuwenden oder zu reduzieren. Weiterhin wird die im Outplacement mögliche Interaktion in der Gruppe positiv hervorgehoben. Personen, die alle vor derselben Situation stehen, können sich austauschen und gegenseitig unterstützen, wodurch eine positive Gruppendynamik entstehen kann. Jedoch besteht hierbei auch die Gefahr einer negativen Gruppendynamik, welcher der erfahrene Outplacement Berater Vorbeugung leisten muss. Das Risiko, dass im Gruppenoutplacement nicht genügend auf die individuellen Bedürfnisse des einzelnen Mitarbeiters eingegangen werden kann, wird von KRINNER + PATNER durch ein Konzept der „gemeinsamen Konzipierung und Umsetzung individueller Bewerbungsprozesse“ in der Gruppe Rechnung getragen.
5. Fazit
Die gute Eignung des bereits etablierten Einzeloutplacement bei der Entlassung von Führungskräften der höheren Führungsebenen ergibt sich aus dem hohen Grad an individueller Beratung. Die hierbei entstehenden, hohen Kosten werden in der Regel durch das Vermindern eines Imageschadens und der Einsparung von Rechtsstreitigkeiten abgedeckt. Somit wird anhand der vorangegangenen Analyse der Einsatz von Einzeloutplacement bei Führungskräften als chancenreiches personalpolitisches Instrument weiterempfohlen. Die Form des Gruppenoutplacements sollte bei der Entlassung einer größeren Anzahl an Mitarbeitern noch öfter als dies im Moment der Fall ist zum Einsatz kommen, da sie als effektive und kostengünstige Alternative zum Einzeloutplacement dienen kann.

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