...THE EFFECTS OF OVERCROWDING IN THE EMERGENCY ROOM MICHELLE POWELL MSN –BL 510: NURSING PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS DEVELOPMENT MAY 20, 2012 PROFESSOR NKECHI ILEKA The Emergency department provides an extraordinary important public service mission by providing emergency care 24 hours a day, 365 days per year without discrimination by social or economic status (Derlet, Richards & Kravitz, 2001). One of the key foundations of EDs is to provide immediate access and stabilization for those patients with medical emergencies (Derlet et al, 2001). The Emergency Department has always been there available to help, unfortunately the basic tenet is now being challenged, and the general public may no longer be able to rely on EDs for quality and timely emergency care, placing the people at risk (Favotich & Hirsch, 2003). According to the Emergency Nurses Association all people are entitled to timely and appropriate access to safe and effective health care. This paper will discuss the problem of overcrowding in the Emergency Room and strategies that the Nurse leader may do to help control overcrowding. Overcrowding in the emergency department (ED) is the most serious issue confronting EDs in the developed world (Favotich & Hirsch, 2003). Overcrowding is a situation “in which the demand for emergency services exceeds the ability of department to provide quality care with acceptable time frames (Joint...
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...Prison overcrowding and the effects it has on the quality of the housing and care for inmates has been a problem in the United States since the beginning of their existence. Particularly in inmates with physical or mental disabilities (Newman, Scott 549.). Many believe this overcrowding has led to less than adequate infirmary conditions, longer wait times, if any, for medical and psychiatric treatment and processing, leading to many civil lawsuits alleging abuses to the 8th Amendment. Although lowering prison populations theoretically seems like an easy fix solution, the reality is that law enforcement is not generally trained to assess medical or psychiatric situations. Additionally, more than half of the prison population is filled with inmates with some sort of mental or substance abuse disorder (Horne, Newman, 547). To help fix this problem it seems that Crisis intervention training should be taught to all law enforcement departments to help identify individuals suffering from mental illness versus a violent offender. This would help reduce the number of mentally ill patients being arrested, keeping the overall prison population down. In California, prisons have been at nearly...
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...euthanasia is injection, which a veterinary or trained professional performs this act. The acceptable methods with conditions are a gunshot or a captive belt. The injectable chemical method is most humane, but gunshot and captive belt is controversial and has been regarded as inhumane methods. 5. Create a list of at least 5 common reasons for euthanasia of companion animals and include in what setting each of the reasons would be most common. Chose 3 states (including IL) with complete information and compare/contrast the euthanasia legalities; pay close attention to who may perform the procedure and which methods are legal. 1. Old age-common in a veterinary setting, which you take the pet to the vet as set up with an appointment. 2. Overcrowding in shelters-common in veterinary setting where they administer a...
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...Prison Overcrowding Final Project Terence Ingram Professor Karina Arzumanova, Esq. March 17, 2013 Strayer University Prison Overcrowding Final Project Criminal Activity is on the rise. With prison populations growing at an all-time rate, the federal prison system has not been able to keep up. As a result, this is a serious problem which puts inmates and guards in danger and holds back efforts to rehabilitate convicts. (McLaughlin, 2012) Violence will be on the rise as more inmates are squeezed into small living quarters. Increased inmate misconduct is a direct result of prison overcrowding which negatively affects the safety and security of inmates and staff. If prisons don’t find a solution to this problem, it will create more tension and could potentially cause an inmate to snap and create a violent incident. With more prisoners confined in small spaces, prison officials are forced to cut back on inmate’s cafeteria time, time in the recreation yards, and television rooms. Multiple inmates are put in cells that were specifically created for one individual inmate. Common areas that were not meant to be used for inmates are being used for living arrangements even though it was not designed for that. Crowded cells and the loss of privacy increase the odds that inmates will lash out, threatening the guards keeping watch. ( McLaughlin, 2012) Policies have been put in place to make sure that inmates are not being violated. Some may say that overcrowding in prisons is inhumane...
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...WR122 Dec. 3, 2009 Illegal Immigration An illegal immigrant is an “alien who has entered the United States without government permission or stayed beyond the termination date of a visa” (Hill). Today America can’t even take care of the citizens that it has. By having illegal immigrants that we do not plan for using public services like welfare, food stamps, state medical, school services, social security, and criminal justice services, will directly affect all Americans in this economic crisis. Illegal immigrants also cause other problems like crime, overcrowding, and language disputes. The United States of America needs to stand by laws that are in place for illegal immigration. The United States of America border is about 7,515 miles. “Each year, more than 500 million people cross the borders into the United States, some 330 million of whom are non-citizens. There are 118,129, 875 vehicles that enter the U.S. annually and 22.5 million cargo containers” (U.S Customs and Border Patrol). With this amount of traffic it is very difficult for the border patrol to monitor every mile of border between Canada and Mexico, allowing illegal immigrants into the United States. The senator of Arizona says there are a few issues with securing the border, “Insufficient resources dedicated to border security, coupled with a lack of will to effectively enforce the law” (Kyl). One issue the government of the United States thinks about every day is safety for citizens. We have a system that...
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...among the top 10 in five pediatric specialties, and ranked fifth in urology. The rankings for each of the 10 pediatric specialties were based on reputation among physicians and data-driven factors such as outcomes and care-related indicators including patient volumes, infection control, advanced clinical services, nurse staffing ratios and availability of key technologies. The largest pediatric hospital in Illinois and the pediatric educational facility for Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Children's Memorial provides specialists in every known pediatric specialty. These physicians served more than 180,000 children last year. The American Nurses Association has recognized the hospital as the first hospital in the state – and the first pediatric hospital in the nation – to receive its prestigious Nursing Excellence Magnet Award. Preliminary Problem Statement Children’s Memorial Hospital was founded in 1882 in an 8-bed cottage the hospital has grown in size and capacity over the past 125 years, yet we still have to turn patients away, because of overcrowding. In 2004 talks of a building a new hospital to accommodate the flow of patients that come through the hospital began. Early on it was obvious that this task would not be easy. Deciding on the perfect location, selling the present hospital, and cutting through all the red tape of permits and zoning approvals was just the start of it. In 2007 Children’s Memorial Hospital began the process of building a brand...
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...The United States Dual Court System and its Historical Developments The United States court system is divided between two administratively separate parts. The first was established in early colonial times. The original thirteen colonies had established their own individual court systems based off the English system (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2007). According to an article “Early Development of the United States Court System US Courts in the Early Republic” written by Martin Kelly “In 1789 Article Three of the US Constitution stated that "[t]he judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." (Kelly, 2012) ” This article of the US Constitution created the Federal Court System. Because each of the original colonies had an established court system, the two court systems evolved separately into today’s modern dual court system (Kelly, 2012). This essay will break down the major historical events in the United States Court system to include probation, parole, and juvenile courts and how they have transformed todays United States Dual court system. In the late 19th century and early 20th century a social movement known as Progressivism had a strong hand in creating and molding the US Court systems. This movement primary goal toward the court systems was to change the thinking from retribution to rehabilitation (Net Industries, 2012). As the progressivism...
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...the recommendations that are suggested. Chicago needs more help in these areas because of the amount of crime they are seeing. Victim assistance programs are well organized and widely available to the public of Chicago. The number of programs varies from domestic violence to identity theft. There are specific programs for every individual affected by crime. The Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan has created and made the priority of victim assistance a key service to not only victims but to responder’s as well. In assuring that the right training is given to each field in order to assist victims appropriately. Programs and Trainings available to the people of Illinois According to the Attorney General • The Illinois Crime Victim Compensation Program (Direct financial assistance to innocent victims of violent crimes) • The Domestic Violence Fund (legal assistance funding, legal services to victims of domestic violence) • The Violent Crime Victim Assistance (VCVA) Program (Grants to victims & witness protection programs) • The Automated Victim Notification (AVN) System (allows crime victims throughout Illinois to obtain timely and reliable information about criminal cases and the custody status of offenders 24 hours a day via telephone, Web, or e-mail (Attorney General). • The Statewide Victim Assistance Program (provides services...
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...THE BUDGET COST AND EFFECTS OF PRISONS IN THE UNITED STATES Christina Adonia Turner June 15, 2013 Introduction to Public Administration TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Table Of Contents…………………………………………………………2 2. Executive Summary………………………………………………………..3 3. Scope and Statement of the Problem………………………………………4 4. Literature Review………………………………………………………….5 5. Methodology………………………………………………………………7 6. Analytical Results………………………………………………………....8 7. Discussion………………………………………………………………...10 8. Bibliography………………………………………………………………16 9. Appendix………………………………………………………………....17 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In summary, the cost of housing an incarcerated inmate does affect the budget of the United States. Whether, the inmate is sentenced to life imprisonment or the death penalty. The facts in this research paper leans heavily in favor of life imprisonment as a cheaper form of punishment verses an inmate being sentenced to death row. The judicial system and politicians have formed several alternatives to assist our country with the ability to lower the cost of housing an inmate in our prison system. For example, the United States detaining systems are concentrating more on issuing a fair sentence to nonviolent offenders, such as, substance abusers and prostitutes. They realize that the majority of the inmates are in need of drug rehabilitation and have a mental illness. Also, the research shows that women offenders are the most affected with drug addiction...
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...Because of the inhumane conditions that the prisoners faced, citizens of the United States became outraged, forcing the government to take action and prevent more death. First, Captain Henry Wirz was tried and sentenced to death by a military commission that blamed him for deliberately causing the sufferings of prisoners there. The Confederates believed that Wirz’ trial was false, and they blamed Grant’s decision to end the prisoner exchanges. They rightfully believed that the lack of movement of prisoners created the overcrowding of prison camps, but the United States government was forced to execute someone in order to stop the outrage spreading through the country. Even though they did not make a fair decision, they did take action in order to prevent more inhumane treatment in the future. This was not nearly as effective as other legislation passed to prevent further mistreatment. In response to the Confederate threats of injuring Union soldiers, President Lincoln issued an Order of Retaliation. He stated, "the duty of every government [was] to give protection to its citizens, of whatever, class, color, or condition, and especially to those who ... are soldiers." This action prevented the South from executing African-Americans, which was breaking the laws that...
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...revise the harshest Three-Strikes law in the United States. The Three-Strikes Law, which was passed in 1994, states that any person convicted of three felonies automatically receives a life sentence, no matter the degree of the third felony. The notion that was given when the law was passed was that it would only be enforced for violent and serious criminals, but recent cases in which some felons have been sent to prison for something as minor as stealing a piece of pizza, have proved otherwise. If passed, Proposition 36 will likely fix most of the concerns that those opposed to The Three-Strikes Law possess. Supporters of the proposition state that Proposition 36 will lower the number of prisoners in California State Prisons, reducing overcrowding, while also saving the State of California an estimated 70-100 million dollars annually, which could be spent to aid other problems that are currently affecting California such as education. However, those who are opposed to the Proposition argue that even with the revision of The Three-Strikes Law, it is still too automatic and the reduction of crime as a result of the law is insignificant. The concern that some have with the Three-Strikes Law for being too automatic, was an issue from the day the law was first drafted. Only 17% of the U.S. public, support mandatory sentencing under the Three Strikes Law without any consideration to the degree of the third defense. There are many cases in which citizens have received the life sentence...
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...ANTONIO L. HILL EN 1420 COMPOSITION 2 22-May-15 MRS. BUGYIE LARGEST SCHOOL CLOSURE IN OUR NATIONS HISTORY The City of Chicago is full of history; we had the first skyscraper, engineers reversed the flow of the Chicago River to flow toward the Mississippi River, car radio, TV remote control, and refrigerated rail car, and now we are a part of history once more with the largest school closing in our nation’s history. The Mayor of Chicago and the Board of Education agreed to close 49 elementary schools and 1 high school. The school closures were a necessary evil that will help the city save a struggling school system that by the way is the third largest the America. Currently the Chicago school system is showing a deficit of more than a billion dollars and with the closures of the school the city stands to save more than 400 million dollars. The money that can be saved will help the school system by providing more funding to the remaining school, building computer labs, and hiring teacher that funding has prevented over the years. When a school is underutilized buy more than 45% and not meeting state ISAT testing standards, it should be considered a waste of tax payer money and should be looked at for closure or realignment. There are a lot of concerns about the children that will be relocated to new school, parents are worried that their children will fall victim to violence due to they have a longer commute and gangs. ...
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...Introduction South Lawndale (Little Village) is located on the west side of the city of Chicago, lllinois, Is one of the 77 well defined Chicago community areas. History After the great Chicago fire of October 1871, many residents of Chicago were looking to move away from the crowded city. Areas on the city’s outskirts were quickly being developed, even as the ashes and rubble from the great fire were still being cleared. In 1871, Chicago real estate investors wanted to build an affluent subdivision in the suburban area west of Chicago, choosing an area just short of the Chicago city limits. The original subdivision was bound by Twenty-second Street, Twenty-sixty Street, Hamlin Avenue and Homan Avenue. Investors decided to built all homes to be constructed of brick, ranging from $2,500 to $8,500. ( Chicago Littles Village) By the turn of the 20th century, the west side of Chicago would become the largest industrial section of the city, and as a result, the more affluent residents began to move away from the Little Village area. They would eventually be replaced by immigrants, mostly of Eastern European extraction, from Czech Republican, Poland, Germany, and Hungary. Fast forwarding to the early 1960’s, Little Village began showing some troubling signs of change. Many of the community’s residents were moving farther west to the Czech-dominated suburbs of Cicero and Berwyn. This was largely due to fear based on the rapid changes just north of Little Village community...
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...In today's society, the prisons of America appear to cause more problems than assistance. The country penal system is expensive, overcrowded, and some argue that it is ineffective as well as inefficient. The cost to build, staff, and support these facilities increases dramatically each year. Prisons, which were created to be humane correctional facilities, are currently filled with violence, hostility, and a communal fear. These institutions are meant to control crime by deterrence, incapacitating criminals. This may protect society from potentially dangerous individuals, but these institutions' level of accomplishment is askew. The financial burden attached to the building, maintaining, and staffing of prisons constantly plagues the penal system. During the late 1960s, New York built prisons at a price of $2 million each. Since then, prices have risen dramatically. In 1990, each prisoner required $15,496 to support (“Bureau of Justice Statistics”). A prison containing 2,000 inmates amounts to over $31 million to operate on an annual basis. The United States spends an estimated $60 billion each year on corrections (Prisons in the United States). The operation price is synonymous with the level of security, ranging from the supermax, containing serial killers, to the minimum security, containing drug offenders. Violence is not confined to outside prison walls. In 2005 alone, federal and state prisons reported 885 incidents of sexual violence. Of the aforementioned...
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...Past Prisons: The History of Incarceration Prisons are institutions designed to securely house people who have been convicted of crimes. These people are known as prisoners or inmates and are kept in an ongoing custody for a certain amount of time. The type of crime decides the length of the sentence. For some such crimes (i.e. murder) individuals may be sentenced to a lifetime imprisonment. In order for an individual to be incarcerated, they have to be accused of violating criminal law and then tried and found convicted in a jury of their peers. Then, the offender will be given a sentence for a specific punishment. Depending on the nature of the crime and whether or not it is a first offense decides if the punishment will be probation or incarceration in a prison or jail. According to historians, temples were used as sanctuaries before the concept of prisons evolved. They were used for the accused to flee to, but if they were unable to make it to one, they were to be punished by the accuser, which sometimes ended in death (Kosof, 1995, pp.19). The Encarta online Encyclopedia states: the existence of prisons originated in ancient Rome and Greece. The first place of confinement, Mamertine Prison, was constructed in the 7th century B.C. in Rome. It was mainly many tunnels of dungeons under the sewers. Small, miserable chambers held criminals for short periods of time. Instead of incarcerating the serious offenders, England began transporting of criminals. England's first...
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