...Secularisation is the idea that religion is going into decline – the process of becoming less religious in terms of sacred, faith and belief. Some sociologists believe that secularisation is occurring in one form or another and their aim is to explore and explain the process of secularisation, others are uncertain as to whether secularisation is happening, and the rest see a transformation to a different type of religious practise happening, like an evolution of religion, rather than a decline in it. Woodhead and Heelas have identified two views of the secularisation process – The disappearance thesis – where religion has gone into decline because of modernity, and been over taken by other parts of life such as the media. They’ve called this the death of religion, and believe it will continue to decline until it has fully disappeared. This opposes view that religion remains constant. The second thesis is the differentiation thesis – where they believe that religion isn’t going into decline fully because people are still religious but in different forms – public religion is less significant but it has transformed into a private expression of religion as it does no longer influence the major institutions in society, such as the family and education, so it is not so apparent in wider society but still important in peoples every day private lives. This supports the view that religion remains constant. It is also important to note that Bruce does not see that secularisation is a...
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...Is Shakespeare really worth learning about in classrooms? I say no. Here are three reasons I think that Shakespeare should not be in the curriculum of today's classroom, and should be left to the individual reader to find and study his work outside of school. First of all. I believe Shakespeare's work to be irrelevant for the modern world. In Shakespeare's time, 400 years ago, relationships were very traditional, with the family being a husband and wife. Given the amount of information available in today's world, one can see that those traditional family and couples roles no longer apply. To the many couples that fit out of Shakespeare's norm, they do not connect with the author and the tales he writes. From the Victorian age to the Nuclear...
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...Future of Printed Books in the Digital Age Name Institution Date of submission Once upon a time printed books were the undisputed medium of expressing literary culture, as well as source of information and knowledge. Books were a central part of the society acting as a vehicle for carrying and disseminating histories, ideas, stories, and pictures. However, over the centuries, the literary culture of reading and relying on printed books as the primary source of information has gradually changed. The digital age is populated with technology, which has revolutionized all aspects of lifestyle. Thompson (2005) notes that one of these aspects is the culture of reading printed material from books and other sources. In this digital age, information is readily available on the internet merely by a click of a button. This is not only convenient, but also consume less time as opposed to the earlier eras where one would take time and go to the library, search for a book, and finally read to get the required information. As a result, books are becoming less and less desirable as their future is overtaken by the digital sources of information. Today, e-books have replaced the printed version of books particularly with the invention and popularity of tablets and iPads that are perfect carriers of e-books. E-books are on the rise as the sales of printed books decrease, and soon they will completely replace the printed versions. For instance, in 2003, the sales of printed books decreased...
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...The statistics in the item indicates that people over the age of 18 to 24 are more likely to be non-religious compared to those age 65 and over. A Christian Research carried out in 1979 and 2005 was able to show evidence of this occurrence. In 1979, 598 thousand individuals attended church, by 2005 the number decreased to 231. While those of 65 and over had also decreased, the number of attendance within the age group was still much larger than the number of attendance from groups of the lower age. The reason for the decrease in religious participation for the younger generation can be due to the changes occurring in society relating to religion. According to Voas and Crockett the age difference in religious participation is due to the generational effect. The idea of this theory is that over the years society had and will become more secular which in effect means that those of the new generation will become less religious than those before them. Additionally, Bruce argues that due to the decline of religion as a social institute this has hand an effect on those of the younger age. This is because the church had once provided education for the children however now this has been overtaken by the state. This in result means that religion is losing its influence on the children thrus leading the younger generation down a path that lacks religious considerations. Similarly, Hervieu-leger argues that here has been a cultural amnesia where the knowledge of traditional religion...
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...It appears that the telephone is no longer the preferred communication tool in the workplace; email has overtaken oral communication, according to the results of a recently released Data monitor report (Leggatt). According to Pew Internet and American Life Project statistics reported in February 2009, 90% of Internet Users between the ages of 18 and 72 use email (Effective Email Communication). A recent report estimated that over 7 trillion emails were sent worldwide last year! Spam messages are jamming in-boxes across the globe and the average office worker now gets between 60-200 messages a day (Friedman). Electronic mail is an effective way of communication that allows messages to be sent and received. In 1971, Ray Tomlinson, a computer engineer was the first person to send an email (Tomlinson). This was done by sending information between two computers that were sitting side by side (Tomlinson). The first email message was the announcement of network email. The exact content is unknown, but it gave instructions about using the (@) sign to separate the user's name from his host computer name. The function of email is the same as it was back then except now we have the ability to filter spam (Tomlinson). The rapid growth of email has been of the most exciting developments in the history of business communication (Flatley, Rentz, Lentz, 2012). Emails have become a common way of communication in the workplace. It has also played a major role of communication in today's society...
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...been cases where the virus was passed on through blood transfusions, organ transplantations, and intrauterine transmissions. This disease mainly affects those who are ages 50+ or those with a weak immune system. In 1937, the first person that caught West Nile Virus lived in Uganda. Although, even many years later, there is still no known treatment to cure this awful virus. Studies, not yet proven, state that the virus enters body cells by endocytosis (cells absorb molecules by engulfing them) and fusion with the beginning endosome. Once the mosquito bites and passes the virus through the skin, the virus will replicate within the epidermal keratinocytes and langerhans cells. The moving Langerhans dendrite cells enter the inward conducting lymphatics, to travel to the lymph nodes that are draining. If the virus enters the outward conducting lymphatics, it then enters the...
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...China was first to open its economy to foreign trade, technology and investment with reforms in 1978. India followed course in 1991 Asia`s industrial revolution has changed the picture. The GDP of China and India is many times bigger now than it was in the mid-1970s. In both economies annual growth of 8% or more is considered normal. China has increased its economy by a factor of 10 in 26 years; Britain by factor of 4.4 in 40 years. Economic catch up is accelerating. According to the latest IMF official forecasts, China’s economy will surpass that of America in real terms in 2016 — just five years from now For the first time, the international organization has set a date for the moment when the “Age of America” will end and the U.S. economy will be overtaken by that of China. IMF analysts compared the difference in 'purchasing power parities' - what people earn and spend in their respective domestic markets. Using this...
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...Ireland in the middle ages. A country split up into 2 sections, eastern Ireland under the control of the imperialist British Crown, and western Ireland, where the natives lived they culture richly without disturbance from the British. But the Crown is filled with imperialism and during the course of over 600 battle-filled years, Britain forcefully expanded their territory cover all of Ireland. The British had taken over the culture and oppressed the Irish. The Irish concluded their only hope was separation from the British, and as London wasn’t going to grant freedom, they would have to fight for it. During the Great Famine, the London government offered little aid as an act of genocide. Many Irish emigrated from Ireland to America and started the Fenians, an Irish group that fought against the British for freedom. The Fenians were Freedom Fighters because they fought for the independence of Ireland. One of the best ways to do this was to attack British North America. Over a series of raids (as the 1866...
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...Piracy in the Caribbean The Golden Age of piracy- Piracy in the Caribbean began in the 16th century and later ended in the 1830’s. The golden age of piracy occurred from the 1650’s to the 1730’s. During this period, shipments of valuable cargo from Europe increased. Many men and women turned to piracy to live the life of freedom and to benefit off of the riches gained by leading a pirate's life. Many pirates recruited crew members from ships they captured. Very few reluctantly joined a pirate's crew, especially if they worked for little or no pay on a merchant or cargo ship. Despite the anarchy portrayed by pirates, there were rules to be obeyed. For instance, crew members could not steal from one another and women could not come aboard a pirate ship. Pirates had to follow every rule or else they faced punishment. Violators faced marooning, walking the plank, or being hanged for breaking the rules. Famous Pirates- Edward Teach “Blackbeard” (English) - He commanded four ships and had a pirate army of 300 at the height of his career, and defeated the famous warship, HMS “Scarborough” in sea-battle. He was known for barreling into battle clutching two swords, with several knives and pistols at the ready. He captured over forty merchant ships in the Caribbean, and without flinching killed many prisoners. Though he had many unofficial wives, he was “officially” married to a 16 year old girl - whom legend has it he offered as a gift to his crew after she tried to reform him. After...
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...was German. Kant was born into an artisan family with modest means. His father was a harness maker, and his mother was the daughter of a harness maker. Kant's family was never destitute, but his father's trade was in decline during Kant's youth and his parents at times had to rely on extended family for financial support. In his youth, Kant was a solid, albeit unspectacular, student. He was brought up in a Pietistic household that emphasized intense religious devotion, personal humility, and interpretation of the Bible. Kant received a stern education that preferred Latin and religious instruction over mathematics and science. Kant attended college at the University of Königsberg, where his early interest in classics was quickly overtaken by philosophy, which all first year students studied and which encompassed mathematics and physics as well as logic, metaphysics, ethics, and natural law. Kant's philosophy professors exposed him to the approach of Christian Wolff. But Kant was also exposed to a range of German and British critics of Wolff, and there were threads of Aristotelian and Pietism represented in the philosophy faculty as well. Kant's favorite teacher was Martin Knutzen, a Pietistic follower who was influenced by Christian Wolff and the British philosopher John Locke. Kant released his first work, Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces in 1747, which was a critical attempt to mediate a dispute in natural philosophy between Lebinizians and Newtonians...
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...With the import of animals such as horses, the Native Americans were able to hunt buffalo more easily, and then a new age evolved- cowboys. There were many positive effects after exchanging animals such as new means of transportation, new labor form, and new food sources. With new crops, people had enough food to eat and were able to sell and make profit off of the produce. Two of the most important crops were maize and potatoes. Maize offered an alternative for wheat and potatoes became a dietary staple in Europe as they can withstand the cold and grow in thin...
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...Case Study of Dell : Inspiring the leadership In 1984, at the age of 19, Michael Dell founded Dell Computer with a simple vision and business concept—that personal computers could be built to order and sold directly to customers. Michael Dell believed his approach to the PC business had two advantages: (1) bypassing distributors and retail dealers eliminated the markups of resellers and (2) building to order greatly reduced the costs and risks associated with carrying large stocks of parts, components, and finished goods. While the company sometimes struggled during the 1986-1993 period trying to refine its strategy, build an adequate infrastructure, and establish market credibility against better-known rivals, Dell’s strategy started to click into full gear in the late 1990s. Going into 2003, Dell’s sell-direct and build-to-order business model and strategy had provided the company with the most efficient procurement, manufacturing, and distribution capabilities in the global PC industry and given Dell a substantial cost and profit margin advantage over rival PC vendors. Dell’s operating costs ran about 10 percent of revenues in 2002, compared to 21 percent of revenues at Hewlett Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco Systems (considered the world’s most efficient producer of networking equipment). Dell’s low-cost provider status was powering its drive for market leadership in a growing number of product categories. Dell Computer was solidly entrenched...
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...How Abraham and David were justified by faith and not by the law According to Romans the fourth chapter, we are saved through faith in Jesus and not by our adherence to the law. This is the same case for Abraham. He believed God and it was credited to him for righteousness (Romans 4:3). At that time, Abraham was not circumcised. Abraham had a covenant with God and was therefore justified before he was circumcised. God promised Abraham a son and although he it had not come to fruition, he still believed. He and Sarah were up in age and it didn’t seem like their promise was going to come to pass. Abraham believed in God’s ability to change circumstances by calling those things that do not exist as though they did exist (Romans 4:17). Abraham had an authentic faith that did not deny that there was an obstacle, but believed that God was greater than the obstacle. There was no pretense where he was concerned. On the other hand, if Abraham was justified by the law, it would have been for what he had done and not his faith. He would have something to boast about (Romans 4:2). Justification would have been according to his flesh. The Jewish people esteemed him highly and put him on a pedestal. They put him close to God and he could do nothing wrong. They believed that he followed the law perfectly and that was the reason for his justification. The entire premise as it relates to Abraham is that because he believed, God imputed righteousness on him. His salvation and eternal forgiveness...
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...The secularization is a process which describes the loss of importance of the widespread religious lifestyle and the sacred behaviours in front of a scientific point of view on the reality and a non-religious set of values. Indeed philosophical and scientific methods allowed not to consider a concept or a statement as sacred and immutable but they sharpened the social changes. This process has started in Europe during the Age of Enlightenment with the scientific discoveries of physicians and chemicals and with the development of social sciences and humanist philosophy. Secularization spread in the second half of the twentieth century; in particular it had a strong incentive after the second World War because of the industrialization process and the economic globalization. I strongly believe that even if Secularization started in Europe, it does not concern just the western world; for instance in some other societies (non-western countries) the role of the sacred has been replaced with technologies, modern education, scientific medicine and modern political and judicial systems. In addition to this the globalization is also a great communications medium between different societies which diffuses non-religious systems of knowledge, common values and datum points. In my opinion people should be Eurocentric for thinking that secularization concern just Europe; the distinction between the sacred and the profane is not only a prerogative of the Christianity, I think it is a system...
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...mother has collected over the years. To my knowledge, I have never seen this before but I feel as though this photo gives an extremely detailed overview of my life. The fate of most photographs usually consists of being overlooked and cast into the attic, yet every picture is a reminder of an important memory. However, photos such as school pictures, which can be seen throughout my house, seem useless to me. Often times in these pictures emotion tries to be built or controlled. A moment deserves to be captured when the subjects in it find themselves unable to hold back a smile or a prideful smirk not when one is forged. What good is a memory if it lacks emotion, the backbone of a picture? It is obvious that in my picture we are not overtaken by joy, however, emotion engulfs this photo. Determination and faith can be found in this mirror of a memory. My father has his hands around mine, preventing me from falling into the abyss. Maybe to an average person it would be called a swimming pool, but convincing the 3 month old version of myself that that was true would be quite a feat. This second nature act of protection is not what drew me to this photo. It was no great accomplishment to stand on the first step of the pool, true. A father has an innate desire for the well-being of his child, also true. But the value of this photo lies in the ambition of a son backed by the faith of a father. Strong character has always been prevalent in my life because of him. Throughout my life...
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