...Linear programming of basic economic parameters used at reengineering in small and medium enterprises 1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (IJM) International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6510(Online), Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013)ISSN 0976-6502 (Print)ISSN 0976-6510 (Online)Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April (2013), pp. 31-43 IJM© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijm.asp ©IAEMEJournal Impact Factor (2013): 6.9071 (Calculated by GISI)www.jifactor.com LINEAR PROGRAMMING OF BASIC ECONOMIC PARAMETERS USED AT REENGINEERING IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES Prof. Dr Slobodan Stefanović High School of Applied Professional Studies, Vranje, Serbia Prof. Dr Radoje Cvejić Faculty for strategic and operational management Belgrade, Serbia ABSTRACT In economic terms, linear programming is a mathematical technique used for selecting one among more possible economic decisions that will have the greatest efficiency. Most production issues have been solved by a linear programming method, also performed here, and a model of linear programming of economic parameters in re- engineering of small and medium enterprises, for their greater efficiency, is presented. Key words: linear programming, re-engineering, economic parameters, model. 1.0. INTRODUCTION Linear programming is a mathematical method for selecting an optimal solution among larger number of possible solutions. In mathematical terms, linear programming is a mathematical analysis of optimum problem. These...
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...European Journal of Operational Research 224 (2013) 507–519 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect European Journal of Operational Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ejor Production, Manufacturing and Logistics Pricing decisions for complementary products with firms’ different market powers Jie Wei a,⇑, Jing Zhao b, Yongjian Li c a General Courses Department, Military Transportation University, Tianjin 300161, PR China School of Science, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300160, PR China c Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China b a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 25 July 2011 Accepted 5 September 2012 Available online 11 September 2012 Keywords: Pricing Complementary products Market power Stackelberg game a b s t r a c t This article reports the results of a study that explores the pricing problems with regard to two complementary products in a supply chain with two manufacturers and one common retailer. The authors establish five pricing models under decentralized decision cases, including the MS-Bertrand, MS-Stackelberg, RS-Bertrand, RS-Stackelberg, and NG models, with consideration of different market power structures among channel members. By applying a game-theoretical approach, corresponding analytic solutions are obtained. Then, by comparing the maximum profits and optimal pricing decisions obtained in different decision cases, interesting and valuable managerial...
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...dynamically balance the load among servers and improve utilization of resources. There are still some areas that are needed to be focused on in cloud computing. Resource Management Task Scheduling The task scheduling goals of Cloud computing is provide optimal tasks scheduling for users, and provide the entire cloud system throughput and QoS at the same time. Scheduling is the process of allocating tasks to available resources on the basis of tasks need [5].The main purpose for scheduling is to maximize the utilization of resources. Following are the needs of job scheduling in cloud computing: CPU utilization – keep the CPU as busy as possible (from 0% to 100%) Throughput – # of processes that complete their execution per time unit Turnaround time – amount of time to execute a particular Process Waiting time – amount of time a process has been waiting in the ready queue...
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...Unit 1 Government, Policies and the Public Services Learners Name: Assignment Title: 1 Roles and Levels of Government Assessment Criteria: P1,P2,M1 Unit Tutor: Mr Mitchell Assignment Issue Date: 9-9-13 Assignment Due Date: 24-10-13 Unit 1 Government, Policies and the Public Services Assignment 1 Learning Outcomes | 1 | Assessment Criteria | P1, P2, M1 | Assessment method | Powerpoint presentation with supporting written evidence | Suggested Reading 1. Axford B et al – Politics: An Introduction, 2nd Edition (Routledge, 2002) ISBN 0415226422/9780415226424 2. Peele G – Governing the UK, 4th Edition (Wiley-Blackwell, 2004) ISBN 0631226818/9780631226819 Journals 1. Fire 2. Police Review 3. Prison News 4. Soldier Magazines 1. The Economist 2. The Spectator 3. The Week Website 1. 10 Downing Street www.number10.gov.uk 2. Direct Gov – public services all in one place www.direct.gov.uk 3. Euro information from the Treasury www.euro.gov.uk 4. HM Treasury www.hm-treasury.gov.uk 5. Home Office www.homeoffice.gov.uk 6. Home Office – Working in the UK www.workingintheuk.gov.uk 7. Information for local government from central government www.info4local.gov.uk 8. Information on policies and standards for e-government www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/govtalk.aspx 9. Independent software development and consultancy firm (provides links to central and local government websites) www.tagish.co.uk/links ...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTERCORPORATE ACQUISITIONS AND INVESTMENTS IN OTHER ENTITIES ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Q1-1 Complex organizational structures often result when companies do business in a complex business environment. New subsidiaries or other entities may be formed for purposes such as extending operations into foreign countries, seeking to protect existing assets from risks associated with entry into new product lines, separating activities that fall under regulatory controls, and reducing taxes by separating certain types of operations. Q1-2 The split-off and spin-off result in the same reduction of reported assets and liabilities. Only the stockholders’ equity accounts of the company are different. The number of shares outstanding remains unchanged in the case of a spin-off and retained earnings or paid-in capital is reduced. Shares of the parent are exchanged for shares of the subsidiary in a split-off, thereby reducing the outstanding shares of the parent company. Q1-3 The management of Enron appears to have used special-purpose entities to avoid reporting debt on its balance sheet and to create fictional transactions that resulted in reported income. It also transferred bad loans and investments to special-purpose entities to avoid recognizing losses in...
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...Portfolio Modeling and Evaluation: Beating the Market ABSTRACT During the period of 2005 to 2010, the market portfolio (P1) and one suggested portfolio (P3) post a positive absolute return of 0.80% and 0.82% respectively which underperformed the active fund portfolio (P2) 0.91%. This report follows various modeling methods in order to back test the performance of the active fund portfolio and compare its performance with that of two other portfolios. The findings indicate that, even though P2 achieves the highest return on the overall performance, the limitations such as the macro environment, the assumptions set, and the Shrinkage method used that accidentally downsizes some valuable stocks in out-‐samples as they are closely correlated are being ignored. By contrast, P3 will probably offer a “middle-‐choice” which will bring a promising and more stable return. 1 Portfolio...
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... | |Assessor’s Name: | | |Assessor’s Signature: | |Date: | | |Date Issued: |3rd February 2014 |Submission Date: |17th March 2014 | |Feedback Date: |In class 17th March 2014 | Final Submission date |12th May 2014 | List of criteria for this Assignment |Unit 9...
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...RAND Journal of Economics Vol. 41, No. 3, Autumn 2010 pp. 524–548 Competition for scarce resources P´ ter Es˝ ∗ e o and Lucy White∗∗∗ Volker Nocke∗∗ We model a downstream industry where firms compete to buy capacity in an upstream market which allocates capacity efficiently. Although downstream firms have symmetric production technologies, we show that industry structure is symmetric only if capacity is sufficiently scarce. Otherwise it is asymmetric, with one large, “fat,” capacity-hoarding firm and a fringe of smaller, “lean,” capacity-constrained firms. As demand varies, the industry switches between symmetric and asymmetric phases, generating predictions for firm size and costs across the business cycle. Surprisingly, increasing available capacity can cause a reduction in output and consumer surplus by resulting in such a switch. 1. Introduction Standard models of industrial organization treat inputs as being in perfectly elastic supply and their trade disconnected from the downstream market. However, in many real-world industries, the firms that compete downstream also face each other in the input market where supply is inelastic. For example, jewelry makers that vie for the same customers also compete for precious stones whose supply is limited; competing airlines divide a fixed number of landing slots at a given airport; software companies that produce rival operating systems draw from the same pool of skilled programmers; retailers of gas (petrol) use a common input...
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...Managing New, Remanufactured and Upgraded Products under a Coupon Recycling Environment Xian LI1 , Jihong ZHANG1,† , Xiaosong DING1 , Xiaodong YANG1 1 International Business School Beijing Foreign Studies University Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100089 † corresponding author: zhangjihong@bfsu.edu.cn Abstract—We consider a two-period production and pricing model under a coupon recycling environment, in which a monopolistic manufacturer is able to produce and sell new, remanufactured and upgraded products simultaneously in the market. To attract consumers to return used products and promote the sale of upgraded products, the manufacturer offers coupons in the recycling process. We focus on the competition between different kinds of products and analyze the manufacturer’s optimal production and pricing strategies as well as the effect of coupons on them. Keywords—remanufacturing; pricing strategy; cost; coupon I. I NTRODUCTION With the advancing high-technology and exacerbation in global economic competition, more and more electronic products possess a very short lifespan prior to becoming outdated. For example, electronic products including mobile phones, MP3-players, digital cameras, tablets and laptops often have a lifespan being no more than one year. In the meanwhile, the shortage in global resources and deterioration of ecological environment makes remanufacturing a popular alternative to the sustainable development of many electronic...
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...Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 1.1 Purpose 3 1.2 Scope of this report 3 1.3 Methodology 3 1.4 Limitations 3 2.0 Situation Analysis 4 2.1 Business Definition and Scope 4 2.1.2 Mission, Visions and Objectives of Packet One Networks 4 2.1.3 Products and Services Definition of P1 WiMAX 4 2.2 External Environment 5 2.2.1 Remote Environment Analysis 5 2.2.1.1 Economic Environment 5 2.2.1.2 Political/Legal Environment 6 2.2.1.3 Social Cultural Environment 6 2.2.1.4 Technological Environment’ 7 2.2.2 Near Environment Analysis 8 2.2.2.1 Porter’s 5 Forces Model 8 2.2.2.1.1 Rivalry among Present Competitors 8 2.2.2.1.2 Threat of New Entrants 9 2.2.2.1.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 9 2.2.2.1.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers 10 2.2.2.1.5 Threat from Substitute Products 10 2.2.2.2 Competitors Analysis 11 2.2.2.3 SWOT Analysis 12 2.2.2.3.1 Strength 13 2.2.2.3.2 Weakness 13 2.2.2.3.3 Opportunity 14 2.2.2.3.4 Threats 14 2.2.2.4.1 P1-Business Position 15 2.2.2.4.2 Market Attractiveness 16 2.2.2.4.3 GE Matrix Chart 16 2.2.2.5 Buyers Analysis. 16 3.0 Marketing Objectives, Strategies and Marketing Mix 17 3.1 Marketing Objectives 17 3.2 Financial Objectives 17 Marketing Strategy’s 17 3.3.1 Untapped Segment & Brand awareness 17 3.4 Product Life Cycle 18 3.5 Segmentations, Targeting and Positioning 19 5.0 P1WiMAX Marketing Tactics 22 5.1 Promotion 22 5.1.1 Events 23 5.1.2 Service availability in F&B outlets 24 ...
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...A Probabilistic Estimation of Passing the Licensure Examination for Accountant Adrian Tamayo, PhD Research and Publication Center University of Mindanao Esterlina Gevera Dean, College of Accounting Education University of Mindanao Lord Eddie Aguilar Faculty, College of Accounting Education University of Mindanao Abstract The paper employed a simulation model to determine probability of passing the CPA licensure exam. The predictor variables of the study were GPA, pre-review grade, and the subject clusters of the exam. The study covered periods 2007-2011. It was noted that the performance of the Accounting Education for the period covered was found to be impressive. Pre-review and the GPA have high statistical influence in passing the board exam. The threshold GPA is 2.2 while 2.4 for the prereview. Of the subject clusters in the board exam, accounting problems have the highest impact in the actual board score followed by theory of accounts, management services, practical accounting problems 2, practical accounting problems 1 and the least yet still bear impact is the business law and taxation. The collegiate validation exam used as indicator of readiness showed statistical association with the actual exam. A simulated model revealed that the scores of management and services, auditing problems, audit theory, business law and taxation and accounting problems 1 have strong board outcome effects. The theory of accounts and accounting problems 2 showed no statistical significance...
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...Unit 1 Government Policies and the Public Services [pic] Assessment Book (Credits 10) | |Eddie Maylor | |Student Name | | |Start of Unit Date |24 September 2012 | |Completion of Unit Date | | | |Unit Tutor: James McQueen | |Group / Course |Diploma in public services | Learning Outcomes • Know the different levels of government I the UK • Understand the democratic election process for each level of government in the UK • Understand the impact of UK government policies on the public services • Be able to demonstrate how government policies are developed Unit Criteria Passed |Pass |1 |2 |3 | | | | ...
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...INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE Programme: Unit Number: Unit Title: Unit Code: Credit Value: QCF Level: BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) in Business 22 Managing Human Resources F/601/1268 15 4 Writer of the brief: Internal Verifier name: Dr K Hoodless Dr M Rahman Learning outcomes and criteria covered by this assignment: All pass criteria All merit descriptors All distinction descriptors Key dates: Assignment distribution date to learners: Assignment submission date for TASK 1 & 2: Assignment submission date for TASK 3 & 4: Assignment returns date to learners (if applicable): 14 May 2013 21 June 2013 02 August 2013 10 September 2013 Page 1 of 12 BTEC HND in Business/ Managing Human Resources/May 2013 -BLANK PAGE- Page 2 of 12 BTEC HND in Business/ Managing Human Resources/May 2013 Introduction The aims of this assignment are to measure the outcome of students’ learning in terms of knowledge acquired, understanding developed and skills or abilities gained in relation to achieve the learning outcomes. The aim of this unit is to develop an understanding of the theory and practice of human resource management focussing on current human resources practice and the impact of topical issues and legislation. Edexcel Grading Criteria The assignment/portfolio will be assessed according to the following grading criteria: PASS Criteria: LO 1 Understand the different perspectives of human resource management 1.1 Explain Guest’s model of HRM (P1) 1.2 Compare the differences...
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...Unit 16: Human Resource Management in Business Unit code: K/502/5445 QCF Level 3: BTEC National Credit value: 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Aim and purpose The aim of this unit is to introduce learners to methods of managing human resources in the workplace. Learners will use their knowledge of relevant human resources management theory and link it with current human resource management practices in organisations. Unit introduction Human resource management is a dynamic activity in any organisation as it takes place against a changing economic, technical, legal and social background. It is important for learners to appreciate that effective human resource management means getting the best out of the people who work for an organisation in order to ensure the organisation fulfils its purposes, whether it is a football club winning the premiership, or a hospital increasing the success rates for medical operations. Many organisations say that their employees are their most valuable resource because of their skills, knowledge and attitudes. As labour is both an expensive and valuable resource, it is important to ensure it is planned and that the best value is obtained from employees contributions. Human resource managers have to plan their human resource requirements against a background of internal and external factors which are dynamic and constantly changing. The first part of this unit introduces learners to the factors that influence human...
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...Writing Assignment – Dr. Henderson 1.When an organism is transfected with a virus, it triggers several mechanisms to protect itself from the viral genes affecting it. Such mechanisms involve the innate immune response of the D. Melanogaster against the virus. Another mechanism that has been discovered not too long ago is the ability of silencing viral genes using an RNA interference pathway. The Argonaute paper has focused on the RNAi pathway of D. Melanogaster. The pathway involves a RISC complex composed of Argonaute 2 , viral siRNA and other proteins that act as a “strike and search” antagonist against viral genes and silencing them. In counter-defense, Viruses try to protect themselves by encoding viral suppressors of RNAi VSR to suppress the RNAi pathway. This leads to an “arms race” of adaptation and counter-adaptation by the host and virus. An important aspect of viral genome is its ability to undergo mutations to protect its self. Viral RNA is capable of antigenic shift and antigenic drift to cause mutations in its own genome and remain adaptable in host environment. The RNA Polymerase of the virus is phage-induced, so it is going to replicate the mutated genome and is different than eukaryotic Polymerase in that manner. In turn, host will evolve according to the viral genome to silence the “new” mutated genes. The evolutionary significance of VSRs in the Argonaute paper has enabled to understand how a conserved protein VP1 from Nora Virus is able to suppress viral...
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