...Toba Tek Singh Two or three years after Partition, the governments of Pakistan and India decided to exchange lunatics in the same way that they had exchanged civilian prisoners. In other words, Muslim lunatics in Indian madhouses would be sent to Pakistan, while Hindu and Sikh lunatics in Pakistani madhouses would be handed over to India. I can't say whether this decision made sense or not. In any event, a date for the lunatic exchange was fixed after high level conferences on both sides of the border. All the details were carefully worked out. On the Indian side, Muslim lunatics with relatives in India would be allowed to stay. The remainder would be sent to the frontier. Here in Pakistan nearly all the Hindus and Sikhs were gone, so the question of retaining non-Muslim lunatics did not arise. All the Hindu and Sikh lunatics would be sent to the frontier in police custody. I don't know what happened over there. When news of the lunatic exchange reached the madhouse here in Lahore, however, it became an absorbing topic of discussion among the inmates. There was one Muslim lunatic who had read the newspaper Zamindar1 every day for twelve years. One of his friends asked him: "Maulvi Sahib! What is Pakistan?" After careful thought he replied: "It's a place in India where they make razors." Hearing this, his friend was content. One Sikh lunatic asked another Sikh: "Sardar ji, why are they sending us to India? We don't even speak the language." "I understand the Indian language...
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...THE BEGINNING… Pakistan is home of some of the earliest human reaching back tens of thousands of years ago. It’s only six decades ago that modern date Pakistan was established. Muslim religion was introduced to Pakistan area before it was established by Muslim traders in the 8th century. In the 19th century British took over the area that caused an all-India Muslim league to rise and try to fight the control of the British. After the Muslims were able to gain power in the 1930s formation was requested by the Muslims for independence. India and Pakistan were granted this formation by the United Kingdom in 1947. Pakistan was originally divided into two wings, east and west. It wasn’t till 1971 that the east wing was considered another nation called Bangladesh. Due to regional confrontations and domestic political upheavals never being resolved two wars were fought between India and Pakistan in 1947 and 1965 over territory. Since relations between India and Pakistan have been rough, but both countries are trying to make amends. Other struggles Pakistan has faced is very early in its development they had lost several prime ministers that set a course of political instability in the country. They have since had a number of political elections that were no successful till General Pervez Mushrraf became Chief Executive of Pakistan in 1999. The government is working with the United States to control terrorist activities that are going on in the boarders of the country. WHAT’S IN...
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...Case studies - CSR in Pakistani perspective A selection of companies based on as a sample on various industries of Pakistan. 1. Citizen-Police Liaison Committee ( CPLC) 2. National Refinery Limited 3. Pakistan Petroleum Limited 4. Shell Pakistan 5. Pakistan State Oil (PSO) 6. Pak-Arab Refinery Company Limited 7. Sui Southern Gas Company ( SSGC) 8. Askari Commercial Bank Limited 9. Khadam Ali Shah Bukahari (KASB) Securities 10. The Bank of Punjab 11. First Woman Bank Limited ( FWBL) 12. Dollar East Exchange Company (PVT) Limited 13. Cresent Steel and Allied product Limited ( CSAPL) 14. ICI Pakistan Limited 15. Engro Chemical Pakistan Limited 16. Soccer Ball industry of Pakistan 17. Unilever Pakistan limited 18. National Foods Pakistan Limited 19. Proctor and Gamble Pakistan 20. Geo TV Citizen-Police Liaison Committee (CPLC): CPLC is a joint venture of the private and the public sectors. The few concerned and compassionate citizens, initiated in 1989 to establish the CPLC, which is over the period, become an important component of police system in Karachi. Rooted in the business community and dependent largely on private donations and on the volunteer work of business community. It conduct crime analysis, plays an important role in the investigation of kidnappings, and provides a range of police related services directly to poor and rich alike without any discrimination.[1] So in this way CSR motivate citizen to support police in fighting crime, after...
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...History of Media in Pakistan By Bilal Naseer Khanzada • Mar 15th, 2011 • Category: Politics • 6 Comments When we talk about media, we must know its history. Media history is based on PRINT media or we can say that it is the oldest media of mass communication. Greater masses can abstract the information after its emergence. They allow reader to control exposure. In the beginning (1947), Pakistan started a weak press with very little rules and regulations (very few news). Not a single newspaper was published in East Pakistan and Baluchistan, but in the NWFP (now Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa) had two daily newspapers. These newspapers were owned by Muslims who had migrated to Pakistan. Including Daily Azad and Moring news (shifted to Dhaka), Jang, dawn and anjam (in Karachi) After Pakistan came in to his existence, a number of newspapers were published, but due to financial problems and many other reasons, they did not continue their publication such as ROSHNI, INQALAB and MUSALMAN. English press was not so strong at that time due to problems like lack of education and development. Not a single daily had been published from the area of East Pakistan from 1947 to 1971. The first news agency was APP (Associated Press of Pakistan). It was established in 1947. It was a private news agency since 1947 to 1961. Government took its control on 1961 by an ordinance. Except APP, there are six more agencies in Pakistan: PPI (Pakistan Press International) 1968, PA (Pakistan Agency) 1992, UNA (United...
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...ELEMENT OF PAKISTANI CULTURE The society and culture of Pakistan comprises numerous diverse cultures and ethnic groups: the Punjabis, Kashmiris, Sindhis in east, Muhajirs, Makrani in the south; Baloch and Pashtun in the west; and the ancient Dardic, Wakhi, and Burushocommunities in the north. These Pakistani cultures have been greatly influenced by many of the surrounding countries' cultures.The past few decades have seen emergence of a middle class in cities such asKarachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Hyderabad, Quetta, Faisalabad, Sukkur, Peshawar,Sialkot, Abbottabad, and Multan. Rural areas of Pakistan are regarded as more conservative, and are dominated by regional tribal customs dating back hundreds if not thousands of years. Literature Pakistani literature originates from when Pakistan gained its nationhood as a sovereign state in 1947. The common and shared tradition of Urdu literature and English literature of South Asia was inherited by the new state. Over a period of time, a body of literature unique to Pakistan has emerged in nearly all major Pakistani languages, including Urdu, English, Punjabi, Pashto,Seraiki, Balochi, and Sindhi. Poetry Poetry is a highly respected art and profession in Pakistan. The enthusiasm for poetry exists at a regional level as well, with nearly all of Pakistan's provincial languages continuing the legacy. The independence of the country in 1947 and establishment of Urdu as the national language, poetry is written in that language as well...
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...Pakistan has been awarded the status of GSP Plus recently till 2017. 406 members of the European Parliament voted in favor of Pakistan whereas 186 voted against. It is expected that with this status, Pakistan can increase its exports by $2 billion. The status will allow 20% of Pakistani products to enter EU with zero tariff whereas, 70% will be exported on preferential rates. Recent statistics show that Pakistan’s GDP has increased from 3.6% to 5.1% which maybe an indicator of country’s direction. GSP Plus will help Pakistani textile manufacturers to compete with the regional players like Bangladesh and Sri Lanka which already have duty-free access to EU. Most of the textile products will enjoy this concession in tariff. It is projected that the textile industry will earn profit of 1 trillion rupees per year. The current exports to EU of $9.5 billion are more than half of the total exports (of $13.1 billion) to European Union. According to Chairman APTMA Punjab, Pakistan’s textile exports will rise from $13 billion to $26 billion in next five years. Recently, Germany has increased the textile orders by 30% and it is expected that Pakistan will be able to attract famous German brands like PUMA, ADIDAS, Marc O’Polo, HUGO Boss, and Tom Tailor towards Pakistan as their sourcing destination. Although, it is very clear that this status will surely help Pakistan stabilize her economy but let’s peek through the reality window. Can Pakistan really take benefit from this status...
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...Introduction The essay describes a situation I faced two year ago. In May 2011, I was leading a telecommunication engineering project in Bangladesh. My team members came from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and China. The team members joined the project at different stage of the project. Although the status of each team members is mainly decided by his position (title) in the project, but the time of joining the project also has slightly impact on the status of team members. At very beginning, the project had only three members: A, Z and I. Both A and Z are Bengalese, and they all worked as a team leader later in the project. The number of members increased to twenty in a very short time with the kick-off of the project. After that, with the growth of the project, the number of members in the project also increases slowly. Problem When the project came to implementation stage, I applied another team member from Project Management Office in headquarter. The new member, R, is a project manager from Pakistan. He just finished a project in Sri Lanka. My initial plan was arranging R as assistant project manager. But on the next day after he joined my project, when A and I were on the way to our client’s office for a meeting, we were discussing the position for R. A suggest me it’s better to not bring R to the meeting with clients, because the relationship between Bengalese and Pakistani is not so friendly due to some historical and political factors. This really surprised me, I had...
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...of National Assembly Session 9. Mujeeb’s Six Points D. Causes: National Issues 1. Economic Backwardness of E. Pakistan 2. Domination of Hindus 3. Role of Hindu Teachers 4. Urdu – Bengali Controversy 5. Crushing of Democratic Institutions E. Causes: Atrocities in East Pakistan F. Causes: Indian Hostility G. Critical Analysis The Instrument of Surrender Read Time: 12 Minutes Readability Statistics Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level: 12 * Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Score: Rates text on a U.S. grade-school level. A score of 8.0 means that an eighth grader can understand the document. The Emergence of Bangladesh By Waqas Aleem Mughal October 22, 2002 Histories of nations are often marked with ruthless wounds. Time passes by but its scars never vanish. December 16, 1971 being the darkest day in the history of Pakistan ended with the creation of Bangladesh. It might have been only a diplomatic accident for our politicians but the nation was deeply shocked. It took away our national pride and moral prestige. This tragedy was the ultimate result of irresponsible and immature attitude of our leadership. The deep-rooted prejudice of the Hindus and international intrigues contributed to it. Pakistan no longer remained the...
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...Target killing BY: Syeda Masooma Kazmi Last day I was going to market where I saw an innocent boy with rough dress .He was selling flowers on the road. I saw hopelessness, fear in his eyes. After some discussion, he told he has lost his family in target killing my eyes were also watered ,that time I thought here would be so many Pakistani people who lost their families WHY Pakistan is facing a lot of problems due to terrorism ?Target killing is a modern genre of terrorism. In target killing innocent persons are targeted and killed. This harmful activity is creating anarchy among the peoples of Pakistan. Before some years , it was used for kill the leaders or particular persons .The murder of Benazir,Gen. Zia -ul-hak ,poet Mohsin naqvi were also killed by target killing ,recently the murder of Bashir Ahmed Bloure is also included in target killing But these days it is used to kill the common pepeoles . WHAT can be causes of target killing? There are two causes of terrorism National or International. In Pakistan there are many secret services of foreign countries which are against in Pakistan .Many countries can not see the development of Pakistan and these are creating anarchy .In National causes there can be the involvement of dictators who want to fail the government of democracy .peoples are fighting due to ethnic base, sects base ,or due to discrimination of provincial level .The personal affairs of peoples are also included but these are on low scale...
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...an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control (LOC). The conflict is also referred to as Operation Vijay (Victory in Hindi) which was the name of the Indian operation to clear the Kargil sector.[12] The cause of the war was the infiltration of Pakistani soldiers and Kashmiri militants into positions on the Indian side of the LOC,[13] which serves as the de facto border between the two states. During the initial stages of the war, Pakistan blamed the fighting entirely on independent Kashmiri insurgents, but documents left behind by casualties and later statements by Pakistan's Prime Minister and Chief of Army Staffshowed involvement of Pakistani paramilitary forces,[14][15][16] led by General Ashraf Rashid.[17] The Indian Army, later on supported by theIndian Air Force, recaptured a majority of the positions on the Indian side of the LOC infiltrated by the Pakistani troops and militants. With international diplomatic opposition, the Pakistani forces withdrew from the remaining Indian positions along the LOC. The war is one of the most recent examples of high altitude warfare in mountainous terrain, which posed significant logistical problems for the combating sides. This was only the second direct ground war between any two countries after they had developed nuclear weapons; it is also the most recent. (India and Pakistan both test-detonated fission devices in...
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...Location * Pakistan is located in Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north. Demographics * Population: 187,342,721 (July 2011 est.) * Birth rate: 24.81 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) * Death rate: 6.92 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) Major causes * Monsoon patterns and heavy rainfall. * Pakistan’s climate varies from temperate to tropical with rainfall ranging from less than 10 inches to about 150 inches a year in various regions. * Half of the Pakistan's rain falls between July and September (monsoon season) which causes intense rainfall resulting in flooding each year. * Heavy monsoon rainfalls of more than 200 millimetres (7.9 in) were recorded during the four day wet spell from 27 July to 30 July 2010 in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab based on data from the Pakistan Meteorological Department. * Climate Change. * Deforestation. (Physical Factors) * Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non forest use. * Pakistan is known to have one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world. * Only 5% of Pakistan is now occupied by forest due to excessive timber harvesting. * Due to the lack of vegetation to intercept the precipitation, flooding occurred. * Hydrological processes such as percolation, infiltration and soil saturation are hindered...
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...Pakistan is a beautiful country. It is the land of the pure and the land of dreams, where each day the sun rises to mark a new beginning. Founded back on the 14th of August 1947, it is 65 years old. When Pakistan first came into being, many people said it would not survive. However, it is true that our forefathers faced several problems and had to make many sacrifices, but today, as the 21st century progresses, Pakistan has surely come over hurdles and made developments in many fields of life. Pakistan is a country that possesses a store of talent; however the problem arises when it comes to using that talent, as for many years now, Pakistan has been facing serious issues that include terrorism. Terrorism has led to a rising death toll and destruction of homes, markets, businesses, etc. the constant blast of guns and bombs has instilled a fear in the hearts of the people. One of the major problems that Pakistan is currently facing is the load shedding issue of electricity and gas. It has resulted in absolute chaos. Industries are collapsing, people are facing the evils of unemployment and there is general disorder in the country. Businesses are also facing closing issues. It has resulted in inflation as production of products is low and therefore it has increased demand rates where sufficient materials are not being provided. Load shedding is also causing a menace to the domestic sector as now we have to work by candlelight, generators, U.P.S etc. the studies of...
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...15thof August 1947 into two distinct nations. A newly established and principally Muslim state of Pakistan and a Hindu dominated India. (Shirin Keen , 1998) This occurred due to the fact that Indians were unable to establish a compromise between Hindu desires for one nation under majority rule and Muslim wishes for a separate state. The pressure from the rising wave of nationalism made running the empire politically and economically challenging and increasingly not cost effective. European capital investment declined in the years of war and India went from a debtor country in the WWI to a creditor in WWII. British’s strategy of a gradual devolution of power, its representation to the Indians successive constitutional acts and a deliberate Indianisation of the administration, gathered a momentum of its own. India moved towards self-government. (Dr.Chandrika Kaul, 2011) The timing of independence owed a great deal to WWII and the demands it put on the British government and people. The United States foreign policy pressured the end of western subjugation and imperialism. It was only a matter of time before India gained its freedom. Protests and rioting also played a role. (Dr.Chandrika Kaul, 2011) In this essay I will discuss why India broke up in 1947 and how does the violence of the break up speak to some of the benefits of imperial rule. The conflict between India and Pakistan originated as a clash between Indian and Muslim nationalism during British colonial rule. The Indian...
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...------------------------------------------------- Zeeshan Ahmad Khan | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- Address: | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- Contact: | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- Email(s): | ------------------------------------------------- Zeeshan.khan687@gmail.com | ------------------------------------------------- | Objective: | Self-motivated individual with strong problem solving skills, seeking for a position that allow me to utilize my skills so that the outcome can be used for the benefit of the organization. I believe given a chance I would become an asset to any organization immediately. | Academic Education Sr. | Certification / Degree | Institution / University | Specialization | Passing Year | 1 | Ms Management Science (Leading to PhD) | University of the Central Punjab | Finance | (Dissertation in...
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..."Do you think that Pakistan is a nation that has a national culture of its own? The passport I have says my nationality is Pakistani which clearly carries the implication that Pakistan is a nation. This essay deals with the question whether this nation has a national culture of its own. I however would first like to ask, if Pakistan is a nation in the first place. The difference between a nation and a state cannot be more clearly defined than by the situation of our country. A nation is a sociological and psychological phenomenon; it's a group of common people who share the same heritage, origin, history, language and culture. It is people who possess similar thinking and are unified by a sense of belonging. A state on the other hand is a legal term for administrative control over a piece of land. Pakistan can very well be defined as a state where hierarchy is present in the people and the status quo is clearly set. However, trying to fit Pakistan into a definition of a nation is, in my opinion, a daunting task. And since I think we Pakistanis are essentially not a nation, I also think that we do not have a national culture of our own. It is no secret that Pakistan is a land full of versatility and diversity in terms of both geography and ethnicity. Up north we have the cold mountains of the Himalayas and lush green valleys and hills around the province of KPK which is land of the Pashtuns. Coming down, we have the vast fertile plains of Punjab which are essential for our...
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