...Waste and Energy Paper Name ENV 100 April 11, 2011 Tamue L. Gibson, M.S. Waste and Energy Paper Pollution introduces contaminants or pollutants into the natural environment that causes unsteadiness and long-term effects to the ecosystem. Waste is slowly polluting the environment and killing humans, plant life, and animals. Waste comes in many forms: solid waste; plastic, hazardous waste material; nuclear waste, and fossil fuel; oil. The world has become a gigantic trashcan. With the expansion of technology, humans are gutting out the earth’s resources, the results are creating an imbalance in the climate, and millions are suffering from ill health. Biological diversity in parts of the world has become an important issue of discussion to environmental activist. Recommendations for illuminating waste are concerns of nations worldwide. Alternative solutions will make way for improvement to the environment and health for millions of people. Plastic bottles are washing ashore on beaches and polluting the oceans. Plastic bottles are the largest source of pollution (Plastic Pollution Collation, 2010). Such items as plastic utensils, straws, lids, and bottles are releasing chemicals into the ocean and destroying the marine life beneath. Although designed for temporary use, they remain around forever. The American Chemical Society studied water samples and found polystyrene, a commonly used plastic found in cutlery and Styrofoam, and went on to say that plastic is a new source...
Words: 2030 - Pages: 9
...Hazardous Waste Regulation Paper University of Phoenix – ENV 320 Megan Lade April 18, 2016 Hazardous Waste Regulation Paper “As late as the Civil War, pigs, goats, and stray dogs were free to roam the streets as "biological vacuum cleaners." In fact, the need to have animals available to eat the garbage was such a concern that Charleston, West Virginia enacted an ordinance in 1834 to prohibit vulture hunting because they ate the city's garbage” (Roberts, n.d.). Hazardous waste, in the US, is created by our rapid growth and need for continued development and improvements of various industrial technologies and products. Lawrence Wang stated in his article, Hazardous Waste Management (n.d.), that the term ‘hazardous waste’ refers to any raw material, intermediate product, final product, spent waste, accidental spill, leakage etc that are hazardous to human health and the environment (while being ignitable, corrosive, reactive, toxic, infectious, carcinogenic and/or radioactive). What Is RCRA & CERCLA? The two key regulations that govern hazardous waste in the US would be the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RSRA) and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act. (CERCLA). In 1976 the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) was developed to control hazardous waste from, what the EPA coined, the ‘cradle-to-grave’. This act covers the generation, transportation, treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous waste. Its main goal was...
Words: 676 - Pages: 3
...INTRODUCTION 1.1 General For the sustainable development of the society it is very important to judiciously handle the environmental issues like the solid waste management. In order to manage the solid waste effectively we need to understand the composition and all the activities that follow once the waste is generated. Basically the composition and the characteristics of the waste depends a whole lot of factors and also vary periodically. Different approaches can be employed for the management of the solid waste, depending upon the factors such as the varying composition and quantity. The management of solid waste becomes further more necessary with the increasing pollution due to the solid waste and the out coming consequences...
Words: 959 - Pages: 4
...FACTS ABOUT PAPER AND PAPER WASTE (Please do not print this fact sheet unless necessary!) Approx. 324 L. of water is used to produce 1 KG of paper. Source: Environment Canada Paper manufacturing is the largest industrial user of water per pound of finished product. Source: American Forest and Paper Association The World Commission on Environment and Development defines sustainability as “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. Source: World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987 The US uses 25% of the world's paper products. Source: American Forest and Paper Association The average American uses more than 748 pounds of paper per year. Source: American Forest and Paper Association Average worldwide annual paper consumption is 48 KG per person with North America accounting for over 1/3. Source: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) Discussion Paper (IIED, London, September 1996) The US uses approx. 68 million trees each year to produce 17 billion catalogues and 65 billion pieces of direct mail. Source: American Forest and Paper Association Average per capita paper use in the USA is 333 KG. Average per capital paper use worldwide is 48 KG. It is estimated that paper consumption will rise by 50% by 2010. Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1997 Source: Food and Agriculture Organization...
Words: 2074 - Pages: 9
...Waste and Energy Paper Team A ENV 100 February 13, 2012 Instructor - Onesimus Otieno Waste and Energy Paper Oil is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and undergo intense heat and pressure. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. Oil is then refined and separated into different products – such as gases, jet fuel, heating oil, diesel, and asphalt. Oil is also used to make petrochemicals, compounds used to make products such as fertilizers, plastics, paints, pesticides, medicines, and synthetic fibers (Berg & Hager, 2009). Most environmental problems associated with oil are caused by burning and transporting it. Burning oil produces carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas, so it contributes to global warming. It can also lead to acid deposition because the combustion of oil is the leading cause of nitrogen oxides. Nitrogen oxides inhibit plant growth and they are involved in photochemical smog and acid deposition (Berg & Hager, 2009). They can also lead to acidification of soils, affecting the plant varieties that are able to grow in the soil. This leads to a decrease of diversity in the environment. Plants that cannot handle acidic soils die off. In turn, animal species in the area decrease as only the species that can live off of those particular plants will thrive. Others will move on to new areas looking for plants that they have become accustomed to. Another...
Words: 1054 - Pages: 5
...VISY PULP AND PAPER PTY LTD ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR A MAJOR PROJECT TUMUT MILL EXPANSION 436 Gadara Road, Tumut, New South Wales January 2007 H:\Environmental\VPP9 Stage 2\Stage 2\FINAL EA SUBMISSION\Main Report\Visy Tumut Final Env Assessment Main Report.doc Environmental Assessment Submission Under Part 3A of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 Statement by Authors Environmental Assessment Prepared By: Name Ms Leanne Hayes Company Visy Pulp and Paper Pty Ltd Position Project Environmental Engineer Qualifications BSc Environmental Biology Address 436 Gadara Road, Tumut, New South Wales, 2720 Co-authored and Reviewed By: Name Ms Alison McRae Company Peter J Ramsay and Associates Pty Ltd Position Associate Qualifications Bachelor of Engineering (Environmental), Bachelor of Commerce Address 3/538 Gardeners Road, Alexandria, New South Wales, 2015 Project Under Part 3A: Application Number 06_0195 Development Visy Pulp and Paper Tumut, Mill Expansion Development Location 436 Gadara Road, Tumut, New South Wales, 2720 Proponent Visy Pulp and Paper Pty Ltd PO Box 98 Tumut, New South Wales, 2720 Certification: I certify that I have prepared this Environmental Assessment report and that to the best of my knowledge: it has been prepared in accordance with Part 3A of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act and Regulations; and the information...
Words: 18834 - Pages: 76
...[pic][pic]2012 Embassy of Brazil- Islamabad SECOM PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN General information on the Pulp and Paper Industry in Pakistan. Research and Compilation by the Commercial Section of the Embassy of Brazil in Pakistan. [pic]Pulp and Paper Industry in Pakistan Table of Contents 1. Pakistan’s Economy 2 2. Industry overview 2 2.1 Current Status of Pulp and Paper Industry in Pakistan 3 2.2 Types of papers produced 4 2.3 Method of Producing Paper 4 2.4 Raw Material Availability 5 3. Current status of Trade and Potential of Pak- Brazil Trade Cooperation in this sector 7 3.1 Potential of Export to Pakistan 8 4. Future Outlook 10 5. Companies and Useful Links 11 1[pic] SECOM-Islamabad, Pakistan [pic]Pulp and Paper Industry in Pakistan 1. Pakistan’s Economy Pakistan economy is positioned at 27th largest economy with 488 (1) billion USD in term of Purchasing Power Parity. Pakistan has a semi-industrialized economy, which mainly encompasses textiles, chemicals, food processing, agriculture and other industries. Growth poles of Pakistan's economy are situated along the Indus River, diversified economies of Karachi and...
Words: 2994 - Pages: 12
...Summary of documentations on paper recycling In Japan, the US, Europe and China Recycling benefits the environment much more than other waste management methods (Technical University of Denmark and the Danish Topic Centre on Waste and Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP), 2006). With the environmental, economic and societal benefits, we can conclude that building an effective paper recycling system in China would be a good idea. This paper is a basic summary of paper recycling practices in Japan, the US and Europe. It is intended to be a reference for drawing up an appropriate and practical plan for school and office paper recycling projects in China. Paper Recycling Statistics Japan has an extraordinary reputation in paper recycling because of its refined and effective paper recycling system. While the volume of recovered paper grew in the 1980s, the paper recycling rate went through a stagnant period before the rate started to rise rapidly in 1997. Japan’s paper recycling rate reached 77.9% in 2011, but the volume was 21.5 million tons, which is less than the 22.7 million tons recycled in 2008, due to less consumption of paper(Paper recycling in Japan, 2012). According to the 2012 sustainability report of American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA), the U.S. achieved a paper recycling rate of 66.8% (about 46 million tons of paper) in 2011, which was nearly twice the 1990 rate. In addition, the goal of the AF&PA’s “sustainability initiative - Better...
Words: 1248 - Pages: 5
...India's pulp and paper sector PESTLE Analysis PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding the industry situation as a whole, and is often used in conjunction with a SWOT analysis to assess the situation of an individual business. PESTLE stands for “Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal and Environmental” factors. The questions to ask are: § What are the key political factors likely to affect the industry? § What are the important economic factors? § What cultural aspects are most important? § What technological innovations are likely to occur? § What current and impending legislation may affect the industry? § What are the environmental considerations? Political Factors The Political factor refers to the governmental policies which are much influenced by the economic situation in a country. It is a macro aspect of analyze which deal with major changes to the government policies of a country. It has great influence to the business outlook and confidence. Political factors often comprises of - Current taxation policy - Future taxation policy - The current and future political support - Grants, funding and initiatives - Trade bodies - Effect of wars or worsening relations with particular countries Economic factors The Economic factor is an area where macro economic environment can affect the outlook and competitiveness of any business sectors in the country. Economic factors comprises of - Overall economic situation - Strength of...
Words: 4186 - Pages: 17
...MANAGEMENT NEW CAIRO PAPER MILL TOPIC NAME LECTURER: DR.TONY JEWELS SUBMISSION DATE: 16.10.2013 STUDENT NAME: KHALED IBRAHIM STUDENT ID: 867438 TABLE OF CONTENT Executive summary ……………………………………………………………………………..3 1.Introduction 4 1.1 mission and vision 4 1.2 Objective of the Study 5 2. Key process in operations 5 2.1 Procurement 5 2.2 Production 5 2.3 Distribution 7 2.4 The sales 7 3. Planning stages and control 7 3.1 Strategic 7 3.2 Tactical 8 3.3 Operative 9 4. Environmental, Health, and Safety for Pulp and Paper Mills 10 4.1 Environment 10 4.2 Occupational Health and Safety 12 4.3 Community Health 13 5. Conclusion 13 List of Figures Figure 1 9 Figure 2 15 Executive summary Paper is a sheet of fibers with a number of added chemicals that affect the properties and quality of the sheet. Besides fibers and chemicals, manufacturing of pulp and paper requires a large amount of process water and energy in the form of steam and electric power. Consequently, the main environmental issues associated with pulp and paper production are emissions to water, emissions to air, and energy consumption. Waste is a gradually increasing environmental issue of concern .Paper production typically involves the following steps: • Producing and acquiring fiber • Chemically or mechanically processing the fiber into pulp • Running the pulp through a paper machine to create large rolls of paper The papermaking...
Words: 3423 - Pages: 14
...How to Make Charcoal from Paper By Karren Doll Tolliver, eHow Contributor Homemade paper charcoal briquettes can be used in backyard grills. Commercial charcoal for grilling food is expensive and can be harmful to the environment. However, industrious do-it-yourselves can make their own "charcoal" from newspaper. This reduces the amount of newspaper refuse as well as the amount of commercial charcoal consumed. In addition, no lighter fluid is needed with the homemade charcoal paper. Therefore, petroleum-based products are also conserved. Making your own charcoal takes only water and a washtub. The time spent forming the charcoal paper briquettes is negligible, although they need to dry for a couple of days in the sun. Things You'll Need • Washtub • Water • Old newspaper Instructions 1 Tear the old newspaper into pieces about the size of your hand or smaller. 2 Place all the torn newspaper pieces in the washtub. Cover with water and let sit for at least one hour. The newspaper will be ready when it is thoroughly saturated with water and is mushy to the touch. 3 Grab a large handful of the mushy newspaper. Form it into a ball about the size of a golf ball or ping pong ball, squeezing out as much water as you can. Repeat until all the mushy newspaper is in ball form. Discard the water. 4 Place the wet newspaper balls in the sun for at least two days. Do not let them get rained on. They must be completely dry and brittle. At this point they are ready for use in the same...
Words: 1319 - Pages: 6
...Report on Pulp and Paper Industry Leif Duncan S. Urdaneta University of San Carlos Technological Center Cebu City, Philippines Abstract Information about the pulp and paper industry that focuses mainly on kraft pulping using wood as raw material for paper production is covered in this report. Content includes a brief account of the global paper production status, a general overview of the kraft paper making process that is presented with a model mill PFD (with materials balance) from ÅForsk Engineering (2011) as well as actual information from Danao Paper Mill, general waste management practices recommendations by authoritative figures, actual waste management of Danao Paper Mill, future trends and direction of the industry in general and that of Danao Paper Mill, and finally, author’s conclusion and closing remarks. Table of Contents Introduction | 4 | Existing Industries | 5 - 8 | Manufacturing | General Overview | | | Pulp production | 9-11 | | Chemical Recovery | 12-13 | | Paper Making | 13-14 | | Danao Paper Mill | 14-15 | | Stock Preparation | 15 | | Repulping | 15-18 | | The Paper Machine | 18-20 | | Mass Balances | 21 | | Process Flow Diagrams | 22-23 | Waste Management | Overview | 24-25 | | Danao Paper Mill | 25 | Future Trends and Direction | Philippines | 26 | | Danao Paper Mill | 26 | Conclusion | 27 | Recommendations | 27 | References | 28-30 | Introduction Starting at around 1965, paper industries around...
Words: 5257 - Pages: 22
...Carry reusable shopping bags at least some of the time, and save on plastic and paper bags. Waste less. There are hundreds of opportunities to nurture a zero waste culture. Use both sides of a paper, carry your own mugs to coffee shops and bring your own bags when you go shopping, or get printer cartridges refilled instead of replacing them. Compost food scraps, avoid bottled water and other packaged products, upgrade computers rather than buying new ones... the list is endless! Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Make it a habit to reduce the things we need or we consume. Purchase only things that we only need and eat only what you can. Let us do our share not to be part of the problem or should I say part of the garbage problem. Reuse all the things that can still be repaired/fixed or those things that are still okay. Recycle things to conserve our resources, collect old newspapers, books, magazines, used papers, bottles (plastic and glass), and any other things that you could sell in junkyards. There is money in garbage and at the same time we’re doing our part in recycling process. Be responsible with your garbage, dispose them properly. Also try to use segregation scheme with your trashes, separate those decomposable from those that are not. You may utilize a compost pit to house all of your organic trashes and eventually use this as your fertilizer for your backyard garden or to your plants. Do the traditional way of helping to conserve our environment by virtue of avoiding...
Words: 1816 - Pages: 8
...Production of Charcoal using Different Kinds of Dried Leaves Submitted By: Andrew Matthew Ortoño April Mae Quilago Mary Karen Luceñara Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research III Bacolod City National High School October 20,2015 Ms. Maria Vonessa Miraflores Research Adviser Background of the Study: For now on our life are become easier because of the technology. Technology is very important for us and even in cooking it become easier to cook. We used the LPG or a stove and other things we need in cooking. Because of this highly - invented materials, it makes our life easier. And other ways to cook is using a charcoal that is made of different kinds of trees and it is our big problem. The big problem is we should cut down trees in order to make charcoals but it may result some risk not only on ourselves but our surroundings also. Because of this problem we need to help to prevent from risk. According to our investigatory project, we study how to reduce cutting down trees to make a charcoal and studied to make a charcoal using different kinds of dried leaves like Mango leaves, Papaya leaves and etc.. It is just a dried leaves but it has its own purpose to make a charcoal to lessen of cutting down the trees. And because of this project we can help to prevent a big problem in our country. Significance of the Study: People need food in order to survive. They usually use LPG, which may have risks and may be too much expensive for...
Words: 846 - Pages: 4
...The Effectiveness of a Paper Charcoal as an Alternative Fuel Source Objectives: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of a paper charcoal and a wood charcoal in producing fire. It specifically aims to determine: 1. Which can last longer between the paper charcoal and wood charcoal as fuel source. 2. Which is more effective to use as a fuel source. Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the paper charcoal and the wood charcoal as an alternative fuel source. Scope and Limitation: This study is limited to the effectiveness of the paper charcoal as an alternative fuel source. It focuses more on the advantages of paper charcoal when used in cooking. It also compares the advantages of the paper charcoal to the wood charcoal as a fuel source. Significance of the Study: People living in big cities have scarcity in coal. By this study, it will help the people on how to find coal. This study can contribute to the easiest method in making coal as an alternative fuel source. People now and then start recycling old news papers and scratch papers. With this, we can lessen problems that the people are facing, like garbage that are scattered in the surroundings. It can make work easier and can save money. It can also lessen the numbers of woods that are cut down to make wood charcoal. Review of Related Literature: Man's use...
Words: 1508 - Pages: 7
