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INTRODUCTION: A BAGLESS AUSTIN
The future is upon us. Store-goers will soon need to re-evaluate their shopping experience, as Austin will be going bagless beginning March 1, 2013. All consumers use plastic or paper bags on a regular basis, whether while retail shopping or grocery shopping. That’s all about to change, however; the passage of this new law means that those paper and plastic bags are on the way out. Single-use bag use will be diminished, re-usable bags are headed to the forefront, and shoppers will be getting used to a new experience when the head to their local grocery early next year.
BACKGROUND
According to a city report released this year, “Austinities use 263 million plastic bags a year – that’s more than 330 bags a year for every resident. It costs the city – meaning it costs us the taxpayers – about $850,000 a year to dispose of plastic bags.”(Lisheron, 2012) Consumers in Austin have already started to get a taste of what is to come. Companies, such as Walgreens, have implemented a trial test on stores to gauge the impact of the law being passed. Candace White, an avid shopper at the Slaughter and South Congress Walgreens, was quite confused when the cashier thanked her for coming but did not place her products in a plastic bag. The cashier informed her about Austin going bagless and she was given a free recycled bag. Like most Austinities, she was not informed of the new law which is soon to be enforced. This paper will reinforce the reasons why going bagless is good for all involved parties. To better understand the effect of this ban on our community, the views of the consumer, retailer, and the government will be discussed.
DISCUSSION: VIEWS OF CONSUMERS, RETAILERS, GOVERNMENT
In general, the public’s reaction to the “no more plastic bags” movement has been resoundingly negative. The reasons are clear: the convenience of shopping is diminished, the right to choose is taken away, and the poor people are punished, among other financial and environmental factors. From petition sites to opinion pieces and public voicing of opposition, it’s clear that the public is against the bag ban. As shown in the diagram below, 46% of the public is for the ban, 39% are against it, and only 15% are undecided.

You may see that opinions are generally centrally skewed on the issue, although environmentalists will fight to prove that the bag ban will do nothing but benefit the city of Austin. Austin Zero Waste Alliance says that plastic bags are “an environmental scourge” and spearheaded efforts to ban them. The main point of this whole initiative is waste-related – the city of Austin is leading towards a “Zero Waste Goal” and this is the next step in their plan. The bill states that starting in March 2013, all single-use retail bags will be banned in the city. This includes paper and plastic.

An interesting argument by the bill-opposing citizens is that this is a violation of their freedom of choice. They believe that the banning of bags takes away their choice when going to the grocery store. No longer will they be able to use the means of their choice to transport goods back to the house. They will be permitted to either use the new, reusable bags, or to pay a fee and use the old bags. This is meant to promote the use of reusable bags, obviously, but the ban will punish the shoppers without those bags. This kind of decision is undoubtedly going to irritate a lot of people.

Other cities that have enacted similar bans have seen decreases in commerce as a result. People argue that many of the so-called single-use plastic bags are “not just used once.” People bring the bags home and use them for multiple other purposes before their eventual disposal.

Many of the citizens opposing the bill have also pointed out that the ban will take away American jobs; the prohibition of single use bags means no work for the Americans that make them. There are nearly 9000 jobs in Texas that would be affected by the bill, according to Austin’s Statesman.

In Texas, there are 15 plastic bag manufacturers. These manufacturers employ more than 2,600 workers. This industry also supports upwards of 6,000 more jobs, adding up to the potential loss of those aforementioned 9,000 jobs down the road. This would negatively affect Austin’s already-growing unemployment rate.

Plastic bags make up 1/20th of a percent of the waste stream in the United States. According to bagthebanaustin.com, “Hilex Poly has worked with retailers to establish more than 30,000 plastic bag recycling points across the United States over the past four years to make recycling easier.” Hilex Poly is a local plastic bag manufacturer, focusing mostly on high-density polyethylene products. They boast the largest closed loop plastic bag recycling facility in the world.

Hilex Poly has also recycled over 5.5 million pounds of plastic bags in the past two years. A look at Hilex’s website reveals that they have made an attempt to change with the times, offering numerous environment-friendly services and features. They now boast a “sustainability goal” and desire to “establish a viable environmental program and product line.”

Essentially, the people are against the bill because it is taking away a right they already had. It is taking away their right to have bags provided to them, and their right to choose which kind of bag they are able to use. Shoppers will be forced to purchase a reusable bag, transport it to and from the store, and use only that bag with no other options. Many other factors play into the public’s opinion on the matter, ranging from overstated statistics to lost jobs. In the end, a bill like this one is always going to attract public opposition due to the nature of the situation. People are having something taken away from them; they are being forced into an inconvenience that detracts from their shopping experience. The people of Austin are anti-bag ban, almost across the board.

While people should be given the right to choose whether or not to use a reusable bag, we must also consider who should absorb the cost of purchasing the reusable bags. Retailers and consumers seem to bump heads when this issue is brought up. Retailers must consider many things such as what the ban could do to their profits, what may happen to recycling programs they have worked so hard at making successful, and how their image may be affected in their decision to support or oppose the ban.

Opponents of the ban see hidden costs that few seem to recognize. They propose that if the ban is not effective throughout, customers may be confused as to why they are forced to pay a fee on a bag at checkout. This may cause customers to take their business to neighboring counties who have not enacted such a ban (Burnett, 2012). Others are concerned with the cost of educating the public on the new law and making them aware of the bagless policy that their company has been forced to pursue. The Texas Retailers Association has been the most vocal opponent of the ban, stating that it would discourage retailers from continuing programs they have built to accept plastic bags and other plastics for recycling that some recycling companies would, otherwise, not accept. While the city is currently not accepting plastic bags through its curbside recycling programs due to the possible damage plastics do to their machinery, opponents have urged the city to do so (Coppola, 2012). In an interview done by Coppola (2011, j12), Bob Gedert, director of the city’s trash and recycling department, claims that “adding plastic bags to the curbside program would be costly and difficult to carry out,” although, he fails to mention the exact amount that would be spent compared to the amount that taxpayers spend on clean up of these plastics each year. He proposes that Austin should focus on reducing the number of plastic bags in cirruculation, rather than continuing to make and recycle them. In a study done in San Francisco proved that one year after the ban on single use plastic bags was enacted, plastic litter actually increased by .04% (Shupe, 2011). While this number seems extremely small, it still shows an increase in litter while this number should be decreasing. Because the ban does not exempt certain plastic goods, such as dry cleaning bags and meat packaging bags, this may cause more of these goods to end up in landfills and not back in stores’ recycling bins.

Although some retailers see the Bag-Ban as a hassle or a hindrance; some retailers see this as a way to stand apart or even create a marketing nitch. Retailers who are embracing the change look at it as an opportunity to become more sustainable and eco-friendly. Apart from the good publicity of being bagless and eco-friendly, this is an opportunity for the retailers to create a profit generator instead of an expense. Retailers can now sell their own reusable bags, which has 2 advantages. First, “It creates awareness of your store, since people don’t just use reusable bags for hauling groceries. They double as gym bags, as totes to bring food to picnics, as bags to carry towels and sunscreen to the beach, and much more. Second, It saves money because even if you sell the bags at cost, you still save money by purchasing fewer disposable bags going forward” (Kraus,2011). This becomes a way for retailers to create a new market product (BAGS) as well as a fashion statement for its customers as well as the brand name. Some retailers are already looking into “making different styles and personalizing the bags”(Jonsson, 2012). This will allow customers to create a strong relationship with the brand, and if it’s a nice bag consumers will eventually start to come to your store just to buy your brand of re-usable bags. Since the market for Eco-bags is just starting there is plenty of room for innovation and marketing through the change of going bagless.

All retailers are going to have to obey Austin City Council ruling to phase out plastic bags and paper bags. Although there are some exceptions to the rule such as dry cleaning bags, newspaper bags, bags provided to transport beer and wine, bags provided by pharmacists or veterinarians and bags containing prepared food (Jonsson,2012). The City ordinance will take effect March 1, 2013.

Now that the consumers’ view and retailers’ view on this law are evident, I would like to focus on the governmental view of it as well as give two reasons they had in supporting and passing this law. As you may know the government support for this ban on plastic bags has been strong since the start of this laws discussion, which can be clearly seen from the result of the vote. According to the Plastic Ban Report, “On March 1st with just over a half hour of discussing the issue the Austin City Council voted unanimous with a vote of seven to zero to support the addition of the Plastic Bag Law to the City Code” (“Austin, Texas Approves,” 2012). In addition to the law being passed, the Statesman Austin newspaper reports, “Before and after the ban takes effect, the city plans to do a two million education campaign to make customers aware of the change and remind them to bring reusable bags”(Coppola, 2012). This seems to me like it shows how supportive the Austin city administration is to this law and communicating that support to the public. So, the question on your minds right now may be why? Why is the government so convinced about this law? I want to give you two reasons we found though newspaper articles and other research documents, both on-line and in print that can help answer this question.

The first reason for this strong support and agreement to this law is due to similar laws successfully enacted in other cities here in the United States as well as in countries around the world. An article in The New York Times commented that, “On Tuesday [Feb 7, 2012] officials in San Francisco voted to expand a ban already in place on plastic bags and to require shoppers to pay 10 cents each for paper bags”(Galbraith, 2012). This is just one of the many cities here in United states that have adopted some sort of bag ban policy or law, which clearly shows the overall support of the nation for this type of policy. This trend is not only expanding nationally, but globally as well. Countries such as China, Mexico and Europe have also enacted laws reducing the number of single-use bags within their communities. According to the New York Times, “The European Commission is expected to issue a preliminary paper on plastic waste this spring. And a survey by the commission, published in November, found that about 78 percent of more than 15,000 respondents backed the efforts at the level of the European Union to cut the use of plastic bags, and most supported banning them”(Galbraith, 2012). In China, as well, there was a ban during the 2008 Olympics to prevent supermarkets and other local markets from handing out free plastic bags. Although different countries and cities may differ on details and the particulars of this law, you certainly can see a global trend starting in governments and administrations to prevent and stay away from disposable plastic bags.

The final reason we believe the Austin government supports this law so strongly is because of its effect on the environment. The Statesman points out that, “Austin officials have said plastic bags clog drainage systems, pollute waterways and often end up as litter or landfill trash”(Coppola, 2012). Before this law was passed a study done in 2009 by the Keep America Beautiful foundation was a deciding factor in the City Council decision. The purpose of this study according to the report was to, “Statistically represent defensible estimates of the quantity and characterization of visible litter on our nation's roadways, and a detailed investigation into the quantity and characterization of visible litter on selected non-roadway sites.”(Schultz, P. W., & Stein., 2009) One of the shocking findings of this study was how much plastic is an major component of litter and in our country. The report found, as you can see in the chart in Section A that since 1969 till now other types of litter have decreased dramatically such as paper, glass or beverage container litter. Plastic related litter on the other hand has not decreased but has in fact increased by 165%. This is highly detrimental to our nation’s streams and wild life. In a letter to the Austin City Council from the Solid Waste Services Department, the department points out that this finding is an important concern for Austin considering its many lakes and rivers which serve as a tourist attraction and haven for wild life. ( B. Gedert, personal communication, January 12, 2012) I think you can see clearly by these two reasons why the Austin City council supported and passed the Bag Ban law.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS In closing, there is one thing that we know for sure, and that is the Austin bag ban will be taking place within the next year. It is important to note however that the specifics of the ban have not been set in stone, and are still being discussed and worked out. With that being said, is it time to scold the Austin government for passing such an outrageous ban, or take a more positive approach and consider all of the good that can come out of the plastic bag ban?

If we chose the first route and criticize the ban, many common discrepancies come up which include: * Inconvenience- The fact that consumers will now have to carry a countless number of reusable bags which can transform a routine grocery shopping trip into a hassling and dreadful process. * Higher Prices and/or Taxes- One of the rumored exceptions to the ban would be placing a tax on the plastic bags, which even if it were only a few cents, would still cause consumer frustration for having to pay for an asset that was once given out for free. * Loss of Jobs- The plastic bag companies employ thousands of workers in order to produce the bags. With a ban on bags there is an eliminated demand, causing the amount of labor needed to produce them to meet the demand to be eliminated as well. * Public’s Voice Goes Unheard- Many Austin residents feel like their opinions are being devalued and rights violated since they weren’t able to hold any type of vote on the matter. * Costs $2Million to “Educate”- If the main reason the government is enforcing the ban is to reduce the costs of cleaning up the bags for pollution purposes, the $2 million they are allocating in order to “educate the public” about the ban comes off as quite contradictory.

While all of these raise good points, there are also even stronger points on why the ban should be supported: * Plastic bags are a key contributor to the pollution of the environment and are notorious for clogging and contaminating our streams and waterways, and acting as hazardous objects to our wildlife. * It would reduce the tax payer funded clean up fees by more than $800,000 a year, which in just three years, would save more than the $2 million being used to educate the public on the ban. * There would be a new market for reusable bags. With the entrepreneurial spirit many Americans have it would only be a matter of days before the once forced plastic bag ban would turn into a fashion trend of reusable bags.
In today’s Day and age, we must be very aware of the steps we take to assist our environment. With the “go green” movement, it has become quite apparent that any small strive towards bettering our ecosystem is well worth it. The government is taking a very realistic approach to the ban, realizing it’s unreasonable to eliminate all plastic bags completely, and even giving certain companies the option of continuing using the bags by paying a fee, so if the major retailers such as Wal Mart are on board, then it is the responsibility of the consumers to pupt forth the same effort in order to progress as a society and take steps to secure our longevity as a people.

In closing, one thing’s for sure, despite much opposition and public grief, the plastic bag ban will be going into effect come 2013. Since the decision to implement it is out of our hands, the only thing we can control as in every situation in life is the way we handle it. There is a lot of good than can come out of the ban, so keeping those in mind while the ban is being implemented can turn what may seem as a hassle at first, to a step towards the future.

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...Leonie Oakes, ‘With Shadows that were their nightgowns’, 2012, maps, ephemera, antique paper, thread, letter press, screenprint, shellac, dye, ribbon. Model: Philly Hanson-Viney. Photographer: Bernie Carr Winner of 2012 Sustainable Fashion Award: Leonie Oakes, ‘With Shadows that were their nightgowns’, 2012, maps, ephemera, antique paper, thread, letter press, screenprint, shellac, dye, ribbon. Model: Philly Hanson-Viney. Photographer: Bernie Carr For the past 70 years Burnie has been a paper making town. The papermaking tradition is kept alive by local artists and artisans. Following the great success of the inaugural 2012 Paper on Skin competition, our aim is to further foster and promote the cultural paper heritage of our town by presenting innovative and wearable paper apparel. The competition celebrates Burnie's proud tradition as a papermaking town by presenting innovative contemporary wearable paper art. Burnie based artist, Pam Thorne, had for a long time harbored the idea of a competition for wearable paper art. In 2011 Pam and Burnie Arts Council approached the Burnie Regional Art Gallery with this idea. After some lively brain storming the paper on skin Betta Milk Burnie Wearable Paper Art Competition became a reality and the inaugural competition was held in May 2012. The success was such that the involved parties decided to make this a biennial event. The 2014 paper on skin Gala Parade & Award Evening was held on Friday 11 April. Betta Milk Major...

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...the assumption that I would only have to compose simple paragraph papers while also learning the ropes of grammatical writing. I was sadly mistaken. Through the semester Josh gave the class five writing assignments. They ranged from three to five pages long. Out of all the writing assignments I received my favorite was a four page paper I had to write an allegory of myself. My least favorite was a five page paper the whole class had to write. About mid semester, when my hand only had a tingle, Josh lectured about Plato’s “A Allegory of the Cave.” Thus giving me my next challenging task he had in store. I had to compose an allegory of myself while explaining the concept of the Plato’s allegory. I had to dissect the symbolism in Plato’s allegory and prove how it coincided with my own allegory. What made this objective so interesting, yet so strenuous was the fact that my allegory had to be based upon a difficult time I have had in my life. My essay was littered with very detailed descriptors of my dreadful situation and Plato’s allegory. That is why this particular essay was my favorite. I8 was able to take a seemingly arduous task and break it down, in my own words, so that a reader would be able to comprehend “The Allegory of the Cave,” and still be able to relate to my allegory. The last essay due came just before my hand fell off. Before the class took our final exam we were obligated to write a five page paper as a whole. Josh told us we had to accomplish the task without his...

Words: 611 - Pages: 3