...not. Globalization has managed to bring to the forefront a number of ethical issues corporations and individuals are confronted with on a regular basis. Globalization. Two such ethical business issues that have highlighted surround the act of bribing officials and the act of employing children, on a full-time basis, to work in factories or on agricultural fields. Bribes in the Global Marketplace “You must pay if you want to play”—is a phrase that has been, unfortunately, too often uttered by many a government official to foreign as well local businesspeople. The phrase, while simplistic, is meant to inform those businesspeople that in order to get their assistance, or in the worst case scenario, to have the right permits issued so they can enter the country’s marketplace—an extra fee will have to be paid (Trevino, Nelson, & Wiley, 2007 ). It must be understood that these extra fees (which are bribes) are usually against the law in the official’s country, but nevertheless, they are “an accepted part of commercial transactions in many Asian, African, Latin American, and Middle Eastern cultures” (Trevino, Nelson, & Wiley, 2007, p.365). Cultural Perceptions The American perception. In the United States, the bribing of local or foreign officials is perceived as act that is unseemly and, definitely, unethical. These feelings are deeply grounded in the American notion of what constitutes fair pay. In other words, Americans, for the most part, want the person or...
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...The discussion between what is bribery and what is reinforcement is a struggle that many parents face when wanting to discipline their children. To not get confused, there is a vast difference between the two. Bribery and reinforcement are not synonymous. Both Irvine and Direnfeld agree that the problem between a parent bribing or reinforcing their children is simply not the fault of their parenting ways, but how communication was lost. Parents have failed to communicate to their children that good behavior is rewarding enough (Irvine, 2007). According to the Lovaas Institute Blog, internal motivation is more beneficial than external rewards. If parents and teachers continuously advocate that the behavior the children do is good, then the need of external rewards will be eliminated because the praise and the attention that children will get out of it is rewarding enough. Most applied behavior analysts would agree that bribing a child institutes good behavior, but also communicates to the child that they will receive something in return for that behavior. According to Direnfeld, bribery is a “promise” of delivery. This means that before any behavior is performed, the parent or teacher has already told the child that they will get a reward. Direnfeld distinguishes that reinforcement is rewarding the child after the delivery of good behavior. The difference between the two is bribery is being rewarded before the behavior and reinforcement is being rewarded after the behavior...
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...over 100,000 Essays Home Page » People Bribery vs Reinforcement In: People Bribery vs Reinforcement The discussion between what is bribery and what is reinforcement is a struggle that many parents face when wanting to discipline their children. To not get confused, there is a vast difference between the two. Bribery and reinforcement are not synonymous. Both Irvine and Direnfeld agree that the problem between a parent bribing or reinforcing their children is simply not the fault of their parenting ways, but how communication was lost. Parents have failed to communicate to their children that good behavior is rewarding enough (Irvine, 2007). According to the Lovaas Institute Blog, internal motivation is more beneficial than external rewards. If parents and teachers continuously advocate that the behavior the children do is good, then the need of external rewards will be eliminated because the praise and the attention that children will get out of it is rewarding enough. Most applied behavior analysts would agree that bribing a child institutes good behavior, but also communicates to the child that they will receive something in return for that behavior. According to Direnfeld, bribery is a “promise” of delivery. This means that before any behavior is performed, the parent or teacher has already told the child that they will get a reward. Direnfeld distinguishes that reinforcement is rewarding the child after the delivery of good behavior. The difference between the two...
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...of Andrew Nari, one of the crew for that unlucky flight. “Come home fast dad, it’s the only thing I want” “Daddy, Liverpool is winning the game. Come home, so you can watch the game! You never miss watching the game. It’s your very first time” Judging from all those tweets, we can see that her daughter’s strength, emotion and loves to him, as a credits and the results him being a good and example parent, where his lost felt deep by his daughter. This is what my speech will elaborates about, what does it takes to be a good parents. Yes, you can find hundreds of websites, thousands of books, and no shortage of magazines about parenting, but if you ask few people about the most important parenting quality, you will likely end up with just as many answers. Some would say love, attention, money, wealth, food. Some would say spending quality time with them while others would say discipline. But what is it actually? Which and how these factors would make parents, good? The truth is, it is hard to say because a parent is not intrinsically bad or good; they are just a parent who makes good or bad choices. Parenting actually is an ongoing process that has some trial and error, and requires you to accept and learn from your limitations. It is exactly like baking a cake. You put everything that you thought would make your cake tasty, but in the end, it is hardly...
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...Children are like roses and roses are best suited in the gardens and parks. Similarly, the children look good in the schools and playgrounds not in the garages and factories. Unfortunately, in Pakistan most of the children do not attend school. According to the recent global competitiveness report issued by UN, Pakistan has the second highest number out of school children approximately 25 million. The major reason behind the low enrolment of the children is poverty. Most of the poor families in rural Pakistan prefer to send their children to work instead of allowing them to get education. These children either work in the agricultural lands or at the shops and factories in the nearby towns. The wages offered to these children are very low and they are also mistreated by their employers most often. Some of these children also become the victim of child abuse. The government has introduced various incentives in order to improve the enrolment of the children into schools but has failed completely in improving the enrolment rate. According to the article 25-A, the government is required to provide quality compulsory education to the children in the age group of five to sixteen years. But unfortunately, the presence of the children on roads selling various items, in garages and in factories suggests that government has failed to fulfil its responsibility. There are thousands of government schools in Pakistan but most of them are inefficient. Many of these schools are without building...
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...enough for children to do well in school; but now-a-days a pocket full of money seems to be the only reward. Inner city schools that have low- test scores use money as a way to boost test scores in order to receive the necessary funding. Paying for grades is manipulative, and contradicts the traditional method of learning, and also the resources the school systems are using come from the government and the resources are not there to pay the children. Therefore student should not be paid to their grades. Kids know they are being manipulated and lose interest in learning as soon as the rewards are withdrawn (Unknown). If students are only going to school for the money, they will eventually lose interest and find other ways to get the money. If teachers were doing their job well money would not be needed to motivate the children. There are workshops and other other that are offered to the teachers to keep the kids interested. If the methods that have been proven to work in other school around the state why would it not work in the inner city schools as well. Although teachers have notices a change in attitudes is the change for the better (Next). Parents are also manipulating the children for the benefit of the money. Parents who didn’t care if their student was coming home with a C are suddenly very interested when their children come home with a hundred dollars (Does). Children who live in poverty would be interested in the reward and not the education. Parents that work not...
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...talks about home and refuses to explain her body odor. Student has expressed concern in regards to her mother and father fighting at home and it really bothers her. The mother noted that student started wetting the bed a year ago, but has never had this issue in the past. Mother also stated that student was seen by medical doctors for “bedwetting” but no physical reasons for behavior were found. Mom has admitted to grounding, threatening and bribing, student but has found nothing that works. Mom says that dad works a lot and doesn't help her with this issue. The Facts: • Excellent student in K-3 • She was friendly and outgoing and had lots of friends. • Fourth grade, the family moved to a new location and her uncle moved in with them in order to help pay expenses. • She had difficult time in making friends in the new school. • Children tended to tease her about her urine smell on occasion and she would end up in tears. • She has withdrawn more and more into books and in spending time alone on the playground. • Parents are fighting at home whereas they used to get along well until about 2 years ago. • Student is upset about the fighting at home is getting worse and she doesn't know what to do. Additional Information Needed: • Based on the information in this case study, how would you proceed? Provide a rationale for your response. What do you know about this child? Background : • Excellent student in K-3 • She was friendly and...
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...Market Model Perfect competition in a marketplace is where not one participant is so large that they alone set the market price of the product. Due to this, and that the conditions needed for a perfect market, there are very few if any perfectly competitive markets, thusly no one participant influences the price of the product that they will buy or sell. (Perfect Competition, n.d.) There are three main characteristics if a perfectly competitive market. The first is called “Allocative efficiency.” This is also the ruling price where the consumer and producer surplus are maximized. The second is called “Dynamic efficiency.” This is where the producers do not have an innovative advantage which would allow them to exploit a competitive advantage over the rest of the market. The third characteristic is the “Productive efficiency.” In this characteristic the equilibrium output is supplied at the minimum average cost. This prevents producers that high unit costs from remaining in the industry as the market price is driven down by their competition. (Riley, n.d.) In order for a long-term perfect competition to be able to sustain its optimal level all of the characteristics must hold steady, not only in their own market, but in related markets as well. (Riley, n.d.) According to most studies the only areas that approximate this theory are the buyers and sellers in some auction-type markets like commodities or some financial assets In any market there is the potential for a monopoly...
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...into what is really the secret, hence the title ‘Spies’. Frayn often ends the last chapters of the novel with ‘Everything is as it was; and everything has changed,’ it is Stephens reflection of his consequences in a world he does not understand; Frayn often emphasises Stephen’s age and naivety with his misinterpretations of events throughout the novel, which then prove disastrous for orbiting characters. A reoccurring theme is the influence of adults on children, the Hayward’s and their son Keith; the extreme opposites of the spectrum-parents, design Keith’s character. Frayn’s narrative begins as a light humorous read; however the consequences of misunderstanding and secrecy inflict severe harm on the book’s characters. As a result Stephen’s world shatters, disguised metaphorically and physically as Stephen’s hideout, the ‘privet’ contains all the secrets and emotions within the two children and the fracturing of their creativity provides the conclusion of the novel with the melancholic truth. Frayn often refers to Keith’s parents in order to show Keith as an individual but to also provide the reader with insight. When Keith’s father appears it evokes alarm even form his title ‘Keith’s father’ it is a distancing mechanism from everything and throughout the novel Frayn has created a nasty and threatening brute. His whistling- whistling and roses. Almost a program Frayn makes Mr Hayward respond to over again and again for the same purpose each time, to emit fear and threat on his...
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...revolve around the socio-economic or socio-political factors, some of which poses a great effect to a society to an extent of destroying it completely. In an efforts to minimize these issues, several still pop up each and every day (Ellis-Christensen, T. 2011, April 20). Social Problems in the society has led to many other unrelated problems which has in turn affect the well-being of different people in the society. Corruption is one of the major problem that affects peoples’ well-being in the society. This has resulted into a lot of other problems which lowers the self-esteem (Georgina, 2012). An example is in the place of securing jobs where the qualified ones misses the opportunity while the unqualified find their way into that slot by bribing the concerned panel for the job. Immorality and adultery is also another key problem that requires attention. Most family break ups and divorces have been brought about by these two issues. Immorality in the society has led to cases of rape which to some extent also involve young girls who later drop out of school. This ultimately leads to an illiterate society. On the other hand, adultery as a social problem has led to the spread of Sexually Transmitted Infections, including AIDS. Scarcity of land for settlement has become a concern in today’s social life. Due to the ever growing population, land has become scarce thus leaving some members of the society unsettled without homes. Land being a natural resource, is...
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...Essay Integrity management consulting is a fast-emerging global sector that advises individuals and corporations on how to apply the highest ethical standards to every aspect of their business. At the core of integrity management is the belief that companies have a strong interest, as well as a responsibility, to act with integrity at all times. This field arose in response to (a) the increased perception that companies are more likely to succeed when they act with integrity and (b) increased awareness by company directors of the need to seek expert advice to help them align and incorporate high ethical standards with business strategy and integrate them across all operational functions. In recent years, the general public have become both better informed and more concerned about business ethics at home and in developing countries. As a result governments have been called on to legislate, and business leaders to innovate, to ensure that high ethical standards are put at the heart of business and industry. The field of integrity management aims to address: 1. The demand for companies to respond to increasing awareness of ethical misconduct and resulting expectations for transparency and accountability; 2. The requirement for companies to comply with a stricter legal framework and avoid prosecution for unethical behaviour; and, 3. The desire for executives to make their enterprises leaders in responsible and sustainable development. Contents * 1 Increased public...
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...issued last week, was that it is “shocked” and that an internal investigation will follow (Jourdan & Laurent #2, 2013). Foreign brands hold high market shares in this industry, because Chinese parents often do not trust local brands due to a scandal in 2008, when tainted local brand milk powder products killed numerous children and babies (Harrison, 2013). In the past few weeks the Chinese government has charged numerous probes against corruption, among them various drug companies have been investigated. The healthcare industry seems to be sensitive for corruption, fueled by low wages for doctors and other hospital staff (Jack, 2013). Dumex, and various of its competitors have recently been accused of price fixing, which is in violation with the Chinese anti-monopoly laws, these accusations eventually lead to price reductions of Dumex’ infant formula products (Astley, 2013). In the latest allegations, Dumex is accused of paying so called “sponsorship fees” to various ranks of hospital staff. According to the CCTV report hospital staff was demanded to advise Dumex milk powder to new born babies, which would lead them to develop a taste for the product and hence enlarge the market share of Dumex in China (Jourdan & Laurent, 2013). Besides the fact that the ‘bribing’ of hospital staff is against Chinese law, and hence actions should be taken against it, the allegations have also caused uproar among the Chinese public. Many view the actions of Dumex as...
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...ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER Attention Deficit Disorder: Alternatives to Stimulant Medication Eng 215 Abstract Today, millions of children are taking stimulant medications for ADHD. Most of these children are being medicated without even receiving a proper diagnosis. While on these medications, children experience harmful side effects. Some children have died from complications related to the medication. The list of symptoms for ADHD reads like a list of bad behavior not a medical condition that warrants medication. Parents are outsourcing their parental responsibilities to pharmaceutical companies. Alternative treatments are available and have been proven effective. Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder: Alternative Treatments According to the 1994, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., (DSM-IV) Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a disruptive behavior disorder characterized by the presence of a set of chronic and impairing behavior patterns that display abnormal levels of inattention, hyperactivity, or their combination. (as cited at http://www.healingwithnutrition.com/adisease/add-adhd/cdcplan.html) ADHD is mostly diagnosed in children and adolescents. (DEA, 1995) ADHD is not a disease but yet most children diagnosed as having ADHD are treated with medication. The standard ADHD diagnosis is divided into three types: Inattentive type, hyperactive type, and hyperactive-impulsive...
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...I - INTRODUCTION: Historically, the American political system exists to govern and protect the social welfare of the people. Through the electoral process, governmental officials are chosen. The bureaucratic officials are influenced by four basic ideologies which guides their decision making process. Conservative, Libertarian, Liberal, and Radical are the four ideologies in question. Firstly, I will define the four political ideologies. Secondly, I will apply my definitions to a single example. Third, I will analyze the Harlem Project from a liberal and radical ideology’s perspective. Next, my analysis will be of the federal and local government, of the causes of the problem, of the strategies taken to solve the problem, and the core values that underpin the solution. Finally, I will incorporate systems terminology and apply systems concepts. II.- DEFINITIONS All four ideologies listed in this paper present a different view; however, several of them share overlapping similarities. People identifying with the conservative ideology believe in maintaining things, as they currently exist, personal responsibility, hard work, preserving tradition, moral values, and social stratification. Conservative officials focus on preserving conservative platforms and eliminating reforms established during periods of other ideological power. This group deduces that each individual should be responsible for gaining their own wealth through hard work and perseverance. The conservative...
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...Abbey Smith Exercise # 1 Ethics for Decision Making INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ETHICS The 20th Century, an age of electronics, nuclear fission, daring surgery, wonder drugs, computers, and space travel. Will we, the people of the 20th Century be remembered as having lived in the golden age when man finally stuck his finger into the heavens? Will we be remembered because of our scientific breakthroughs and medical gifts that we have given to man? Will we, indeed, be the century of progress? Do recall, in addition to all of our scientific breakthroughs, 20th Century man must stand responsible for two world wars which were the most destructive in the history of mankind, innumerable police actions, the near extermination of a nation of people, and a century that has been marked by starvation, over-population, deprivation, and extermination. With all of our scientific breakthroughs, with all of our great accomplishments, we must accept the truth that this century will also be remembered as one that cynically denied human values while allowing brutal aggression against human rights. What, then, do you think history will remember? Will we be remembered because of our great technological strides, or will we be remembered as a century filled with turmoil, of war? Though we brag about our technology, it is likely that our grandchildren will look back upon us as we have looked back upon our grandparents. Our rockets, computers, and medical breakthroughs will appear as...
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