Nouns Nouns - are simply the names we give to everything around us, whether it be a person, an event, a place or an object, etc. Every particular name used to define something is a noun. Examples are account, babies, cabbage, dad, ear, car, parents, cat, John and house. 1. The babies are so cute. 2. My ears are too small.
Collective Noun - The names given to a group of noun to identify them as a whole.
Examples are class of students, army of soldiers, choir of singers, crew of sailors, band of musicians, group of civilians, horde of zombies, flock of birds, group of mountains and group of mountain ranges. 1. A band of musicians have so many members. 2. The army of soldiers is very brave. Possessive Nouns - Nouns or pronouns can also modify themselves to show possession of another noun, usually by attaching’s’ to the end of the noun. Examples are John's school, John's car, Julian’s house, Sophia’s pencil, Faye’s book, Cat’s tuna, Elijah’s book, Joshua’s height, Sun’s ray and Worker’s fee. 1. John owns the school. 2. Sophia owns the pencil. Gender Of Nouns - Sometimes nouns have different forms for different genders, although this practice has been largely abandoned by the people who prefer to use the same noun for both genders. Masculine - a noun is said to be in the masculine gender if it refers to a male character or member of a species. Examples: actor, baron, boy, bachelor, groom, duke, son, prince, king and doctor. 1. My favorite actor is Coco Martin. 2. My doctor is ver good. Feminine - a noun is said to be in the feminine gender if it refers to a female member of a species. Examples: actress, baroness, girl, lady, bride, duke, daughter, princess, queen and policewoman. 1. My favorite actress is Angel Locsin. 2. The bad man was caught by the police woman. Common - a noun is said to be in common gender if it refers to a member of species which can be a male or a female. Examples: child, student, friend, applicant, candidate, servant, member, parliamentarian, leader and participants. 1. My friend is Jeremy. 2. The leader is unknown. Neuter - a noun is said to be in the neuter gender if it refers to a member of a species which is neither a male nor a female. Examples: chair, table, tree, star, mountain, street, book, car, school, paper. 1. John owns the book. 2. I climb the highest mountain.
Proper Nouns - These nouns are the names of specific people and places. These nouns also refer to the names of the days of weeks and months, and also the various names for religions, organizations, institutions, etc. Proper nouns basically refer to the names that are specific to that particular noun. These nouns are always capitalized as they need to be distinct from other nouns.
Examples: Elijah, Colgate, Samsung, Philippines, Nokia, Torque, Alcatel, Close up, Valenzuela and Yonex. 1. My name is Elijah. 2. The Brand of my cell phone is Alcatel.
Common Nouns - These are the nouns that are used to denote a general category of people, places or things. They are capitalized only when they are at the beginning of a sentence. Common Nouns don’t refer to something specific rather they are a general term used for every noun of a particular kind or type.
Examples: man, toothpaste, cell phone, woman, river, mountain, city, country, motor and country. 1. We used toothpaste. 2. We swim at the river.
Abstract nouns - These nouns are the names of things that we cannot perceive through our five senses of touching, smelling, seeing, hearing and tasting. These nouns can also refer to medical conditions related to the mind and are also used to express thoughts.
Examples: Love, Anger, Hate, Peace, Loyalty, Integrity, Pride, Courage, Deceit and Honesty. 1. I love someone. 2. I want peace.
Countable Nouns - The nouns that fall under this category are the ones that have both singular and plural forms. They can be counted either relatively or completely, and form plurals to associate with plural verbs in a sentence. They can also be expressed in numerical terms.
Examples: dog, cat, animal, man, person, bottle, box, liter, coin and note. 1. Our dog’s name is Keisha. 2. I love animals.
Uncountable Nouns - These nouns are the exact opposite of Countable Nouns. These nouns are the names of things that cannot be counted and have only a singular form. These nouns use singular verbs in a sentence.
Examples: wood, metal, cheese, sand, rice, water, coffee, milk, air, oxygen. 1. I love to drink water. 2. I hate to eat cheese.

Pronouns
Pronouns - are words that we use in place of Nouns (or other Pronouns) in a sentence to make it less repetitive and less awkward.
Examples: I, me, you, they, there, mine, yours, him, her and it. 1. I am a student. 2. I love you.
Personal Pronouns - These pronouns are used for a specific object or person and they change their forms to indicate the different genders, numbers, case and persons speaking
Examples: I, me, you, him, her, they, there, we, it and us, 1. We miss you. 2. Did you know her?
Demonstrative Pronouns - are used to show or identify one or a number of nouns that may be far or near in distance or time. They are only four in number - This, That, These and Those. This and That are singular demonstrative pronouns and These and Those are plural demonstrative pronouns. They can also be used to show an unspecified quantity in a sentence.
Examples: this, these, that and those 1. This is my favorite food. 2. That is my house.
Interrogative Pronouns - Who, Whom, Which and What are Interrogative Pronouns as they are used to ask questions about a person or object that we do not know about. Compounds of these words are made by attaching ‘-ever’ to the words to strengthen the emphasis on the word.
Examples: What, Which, Who, Whom and Whose. 1. Who is your crush? 2. Which do you like?
Relative Pronouns - are used to join or relate two different clauses together by referring to the noun in the previous clause using the pronouns.
Examples: Who, Whom, Whose, Which and That. 1. This is our house. 2. That is the cake.
Indefinite Pronouns - These pronouns are used to show unspecified objects or people, whether in plural or in singular. They are used to indicate the entire noun or some of the noun or none of the noun. They are used when we want to refer to group of nouns without actually specifying who or how much.

Reflexive Pronouns - are those which are used to indicate a noun which has been used in an earlier part of the same sentence. These pronouns are - Myself, Themselves, Yourself, Ourselves, Herself, Himself and Itself.
Reciprocal Pronouns - There are just two Reciprocal Pronouns - Each other and One another. They are used when two or more nouns are doing or being the same to one another. Both of these pronouns are plural in nature as they can only be used in situations where there is more than one noun.
Adjectives
Adjectives - are words that are used to describe (what kind of?) nouns and pronouns and to quantify (how much of?) and identify (which one?) them. In a nutshell, Adjectives are what define nouns and give them characteristics to differentiate them from other nouns. For example:
Adjectives of Quality - These adjectives are used to describe the nature of a noun. They give an idea about the characteristics of the noun by answering the question ‘what kind’.
Adjectives of Quantity - These adjectives help to show the amount or the approximate amount of the noun or pronoun. These adjectives do not provide exact numbers; rather they tell us the amount of the noun in relative or whole terms.
Adjectives of Number - These adjectives are used to show the number of nouns and their place in an order. There are three different sections within adjectives of number; they are -
Demonstrative Adjectives - These adjectives are used to point out or indicate a particular noun or pronoun using the adjectives - This, That, These and Those. Interrogative Adjectives - These adjectives are used to ask questions about nouns or in relation to nouns, they are - Where, What, Which and Whose.
In some instances, we find that we need to use more than one adjective to describe a noun in a satisfactory manner. In these cases, commas are used to separate the adjectives but some series of adjectives do not require a comma. Therefore, we need to know the difference between Coordinate and Non-coordinate Adjectives
Coordinate Adjectives - Are those words which can be re-arranged in the series easily and are still grammatically sound. This kind of series makes use of commas. This series can also insert ‘and’ between them and still be correct.
Here we can see that all three sentences are grammatically correct. In this case, the adjectives only need to be separated by commas. Non-coordinate Adjectives - These are those adjectives which cannot be rearranged in the series. These do not use commas to separate the adjectives. Also, this kind of series do not make sense if we insert ‘and’ between them.
Verbs
Verbs - are the most important component of any sentence.
Action Verbs - These verbs talk about what the subject is doing in the sentence. Action Verbs are one of the most easily identifiable types of verbs. To recognize them, you simply have to look for the word in the sentence that answers the question- There are two types of Action Verbs which describe the Verb and the Subject doing the action and the Object on which the action is done, they are -
Transitive Verbs - These Action Verbs have a definite object on which, or for which the action is being performed. That means that the action has a definite recipient or object. To identify them you can ask the question what is the/did the subject -verb-?
Intransitive Verbs -These verbs also show an action but here there is no specific object on which the action is being done. To recognize these verbs, we ask the question what is the/did the subject -verb- ? If there is no answer present, then the verb in the sentence is an Intransitive Verb.
Dynamic Verbs - These verbs denote an actual action or expression or process done by the subject. They mean an action which can be seen or physically felt or the result of which is seen or physically felt by the object or an indirect object.
Stative Verbs - These verbs refer to the state of the subject or the situation of the subject. Stative Verbs tell us about the state of mind of the subject, or the relation between the subject and the object.
Linking Verbs - These verbs are unlike other verbs as they do not tell anything about a subject themselves, instead Linking Verbs connect the subject to a noun or adjective that helps in describing or providing additional information about the subject. Those nouns or adjectives are called the subject complements.
Regular and Irregular Verbs - These are the two different ways in which verbs change to form different tenses. Whether to simply add ‘-ed’ at the end of a verb or does it take a different form altogether.
Finite and Non-Finite Verbs - These are verbs which can be either the main verb of a sentence or just one that is used as an adjective or noun as well.
Modal Verbs - These verbs tell us whether something is probable or about the skills of a noun etc. There are 10 modal verbs in total and each have an important part in sentence formation.