...Cognitive Behavior Therapy Developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, Cognitive Therapy (CT), or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), is a form of psychotherapy in which the therapist and the client work together as a team to identify and solve problems. Therapists help clients to overcome their difficulties by changing their thinking, behavior, and emotional responses. A System of Psychotherapy Cognitive therapy is a comprehensive system of psychotherapy, and treatment is based on an elaborated and empirically supported theory of psychopathology and personality. It has been found to be effective in more than 400 outcome studies for a myriad of psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse, among others, and it is currently being tested for personality disorders. It has also been demonstrated to be effective as an adjunctive treatment to medication for serious mental disorders such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Cognitive therapy has been extended to and studied for adolescents and children, couples, and families. Its efficacy has also been established in the treatment of certain medical disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, hypertension, fibromyalgia, post-myocardial infarction depression, noncardiac chest pain, cancer, diabetes, migraine, and other chronic pain disorders. In the mid-1960s, Dr. Aaron T. Beck developed cognitive therapy as a time-sensitive, structured therapy that uses an information-processing...
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...419218 zak / Research IssuesNursing Science Quarterly NSQXXX10.1177/0894318411419218Florc Research Issues Research Based on the Roy Adaptation Model: Last 25 Years Nursing Science Quarterly 24(4) 312–320 © The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0894318411419218 http://nsq.sagepub.com Callista Roy, PhD; RN; FAAN1 Abstract Two key events lead to the prominence of links among Roy’s grand theory, derived middle-range theories and the design of research. The author in this column describes this work in two formats. Essential details of two areas of research are presented in episodic form—the first is work on secondary analysis of Roy model-based research over 40 years and the author’s study of persons’ cognitive recovery from mild head injury.The second is a project on re-conceptualizing coping and adaptation processing in sequential detail within the context of work in the field and the significance of on-going work for nursing practice. Keywords adaptation, coping, middle-range theory, research, Roy adaptation model The story of research based on the Roy adaptation model (RAM) can be told in many ways. When asked to write about research based on the RAM in the past 25 years I considered the major events of those years and also how to organize a description of the resulting research. First, I considered that it was 20 years ago that the first group presented a synthesis and critique...
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...have axiological and epistemological assumptions that are considered distinct. This paper, therefore, seeks to identify some research components within a research project, and evaluating the results of these projects by assessing the studies strengths and weaknesses of the study articles, within the qualitative and quantitative paradigms. The two principal articles of this study include; Impact of a smoking cessation educational program on nurses interventions, and the conceptualizations of culture and cultural care among undergraduate nursing students. Overview of Quantitative Article Vandenberg & Kalischuk (2014) in their article titled, “Conceptualizations of culture and cultural care among undergraduate nursing students”, pursues the audience of their readers by giving insights into the culture and cultural care. These authors depict the reasons why these elements have significantly become necessary within the nursing and healthcare industry. According to them, the values that underlie the conceptualization of these approaches differ, a factor that has resulted in critical analysis...
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...Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory Katherine Kolcaba is the founder of the comfort theory in nursing. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio; where she has spent most of her life. In 1965 she became a graduate of St. Luke’s school of nursing obtaining a nursing diploma. After working for many years in the areas of medical surgical nursing, long-term care, and home care. She had a promotional offer that required an academic degree. After completing the required prerequisites she went to Case Western Reserve University and in 1987 graduated in the first RN to MSN class with specialty in gerontology. During her years of work as a head nurse, she began to see comfort in a theorical context. She advanced her education and in 1997 obtained a PhD in nursing from Case Western University. Dr. Kolcaba is an associate professor at the University of Akron, Ohio, where she teaches an undergraduate course titled Nursing Care of Older Adults and graduate courses in research, theory, professional roles, and domains of nursing knowledge. Her areas of expertise include gerontology, end- of- life, long-term care interventions, comfort studies, instrument development, nursing theory, nursing research, and magnet status. (Kolcaba, Tilton, & Drouin, 2006, p. 648). Components of the theory The back bone of the comfort theory is the taxonomic structure grid of 12 cells. It intercalates the three types of comfort with the four contexts of human experience. The three types of comfort are; relief is the state of...
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...of mental hospitals. They believed the development and approaches of Western society were too liberal and unacceptable in China. Chinese society refused to accept that mental illness was in part caused by societal and environmental factors. Even though over the decades, mental illness has become a huge health problem in China, there are limited resources to treat their patients. Kathryn Schulz’s, “Did Antidepressants Depress Japan?” discusses the introduction of antidepressants and the effect it had on its society. Unlike America, Japan is a society who acknowledges that not everything in life is happiness, that there at times when individuals feel sad. Since feeling melancholy is acceptable, mental illness was not classified as a disease. Mild depression became popular in Japan after celebrities admitted they suffered from depression and were on antidepressants. The pharmaceutical companies started partnering with doctors, which they eventually prescribed patients antidepressants. Thomas J. Csordas’, “Elements of Charismatic Persuasion and Healing” discusses the charismatic healing of Father Felix, two cases in particular. Charismatic healing is performed to eliminate the presence of evil spirits by counseling and praying. According to Charismatic healing almost every illness was caused by an evil spirit and could be healed through charismatic healing. Margo and Ralph both suffer from mental illnesses and their families recurred to charismatic healing in hope of getting healed...
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...health to nursing practice, gives us a concept of family nursing. In this set up nurse develops care plan which revolves around client and his family. Involving family in care helps patient and family members bond better during the critical times and it also results in improved patient outcomes. Nurses can use multi-disciplinary team approach to educate family members and introduce them to different aspects of patient needs post discharge. Family members can be educated regarding dietary needs, swallowing and aspiration precautions, mobility issues and patient transfers, assistive devices and lastly and most importantly medication regimen. This education can be further classified into categories such as wound care, tubes and drain care. Community resources and community services need to be included in plan. Resources such as community health services and public health clinic are added value to family nursing. As these services work for not just the client but the welfare of the whole family and they help prevent hospital visits and ER visits. Family nursing is relatively new concept in patient care but it is showing growth in the patient care area. Since we have new healthcare restructuring in process, this has introduced rapid growth of managed care systems. Part of this system is a trend of patients going home “sicker and quicker” (Jones, Friedman, & Bowden, 2003, Chapter 2). Reduction of hospital based services and staff, and the growth of community-based services; this all leads...
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...1. As we have discussed, competency models describe the behaviors and skills managers need to exhibit if an organization is to be successful. Consider the general competencies found in Figure 7.3 and apply these to Andra Rush, providing examples of how these competencies apply. “Competency models describe the behaviors and skills managers need to exhibit if an organization is to be successful” (Hughes, Ginnett, & Curphy, p. 252). In many organizations, competency models can differ between the different hierarchies of managers. As a person’s leadership role evolves so do the behaviors and skills he or she must possess to be an effective leader. This statement holds firm as with the case of Andra Rush. Throughout the case study, there are a number of competencies Rush displays. The first is personal drive which is the ability to demonstrate urgency in meeting objectives and achieving results; and the ability to pursue aggressive goals and achieve them (p. 253). When Rush worked as a nurse and heard complaints of unfair treatment, she took a proactive approach and enrolled in an MBA program to change and improve conditions. Not only did she have the drive to pursue an MBA, Rush accomplished this while working as nursing school graduate. Rush’s efforts can further more be seen through the formation of her trucking company. The success of Rush’s trucking company can be attributed to driving change which is challenging the status quo and looking for ways to improve team...
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...Challenges of an Organization Adapting to Change By Deborah Simmonds 2296 Waters Run Decatur GA. 30035 678-887-9547 kaydra-hayden@hotmail.com MGMT 591 – Leadership and Organizational Behavior August 20, 2012 Prof. Joseph Plumley Project Outline Introduction Problem Statement Literature Review Analysis Solutions Reflection References I. Introduction A. Identify the organization 1. Brief overview of the organization The organization that will be the topic of discussion in my final project is Piedmont Heart Institute. Building on more than a century of experience, they employ more than 85 prominent cardiovascular physicians therefore forming one of the premier cardiac centers in the region by bringing together three of the largest cardiology practices in the region. Piedmont Heart Institute was formed so that they could provide patients with a new and innovative place for care. Like many healthcare facilities, Piedmont Heart Institute went through a big lay off in 2010 and not only was locations shut down but it caused the layoff of quite a lot of employees. They went from being a stand-alone company to now being a part of a larger entity Piedmont Hospital. With the layoff’s, Piedmont Heart Institute lost a lot of employees that were highly valuable and cannot be replaced which means jobs are getting dropped by the way side. As an entity operating under the umbrella of Piedmont Hospital, Piedmont Heart Institute has pledge to become...
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...become embedded within the vocabulary of western society. Words he introduced through his theories are now used by everyday people, such as anal (personality), libido, denial, repression, cathartic, Freudian slip, and neurotic. Freud was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating a mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior. Psychoanalysis is often known as the talking cure. Typically Freud would encourage his patient to talk freely (on his famous couch) regarding their symptoms and to describe exactly what was in their mind. The Case of Anna O The case of Anna O (real name Bertha Pappenheim) marked a turning point in the career of a young Viennese neuropathologist by the name of Sigmund Freud. It even went on to influence the future direction of psychology as a whole. Anna suffered from hysteria, a condition in which the patient exhibits physical symptoms (e.g. paralysis, convulsions, hallucinations, loss of speech) without apparent physical cause. Her doctor Josef Breuer succeeded in treating Anna by helping her to recall forgotten memories of traumatic events. Breuer discussed the case with his friend Freud. Out of these discussions came the germ of an idea that Freud was to pursue for the rest of his life. In “Studies in Hysteria” (1895) Freud proposed that physical symptoms are often the surface manifestations of deeply repressed conflicts. However Freud was not just advancing an explanation of a particular illness. Implicitly he...
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...Cognitive-Behavioral Case Formulation Client Name: Ms. Date: Identifying Information: middle-aged female, married with two children Mental Status Examination She appeared neatly dressed in an outfit, which was age-appropriate. She was alert and oriented to person, place, and time. The client made every effort to be open and honest. Furthermore, she maintained a cooperative attitude toward the examiner. Her mood and affect were depressed and anxious. Speech was coherent and relevant. There were no signs of a formal thought disorder as observed. Memory was intact as observed. Insight was estimated as fair to good. Problem List 1. Feeling angry, resentful, anxious •Include score on BAI at intake •Thoughts -“She knew we were going to be late and deliberately stayed in the closet” -“She runs this house” -“I might as well not be married” •Behaviors -yelled at daughter and husband -stomach tensed up •Recent Situations -late for school and daughter was hiding in the closet -daughter refused to go to bed -husband went upstairs to play with model trains 2. Feeling depressed, helpless •Include score on BDI at intake •Thoughts -“She doesn’t care about what I’m going through” -“She doesn’t care about what I need” -“He leaves me with all the responsibility and doesn’t care” •Behaviors -blamed daughter and husband •Recent Situations -late for school and daughter was hiding in the closet -daughter refused...
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...Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name: Institutional affiliation: Case study Jake is a 45 year old male who has served as an active military soldier in the government for more than twenty years. In his twenty years of service, he has been deployed several times to war torn countries like Afghanistan. Over the years he got promoted to a Warrant Officer1. This put him in a position where younger service men looked up to him for strength and leadership skills. He was doing fine until six months ago when he started displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder. Jake claims to have seen some horrifying details during his time of service but he knew that was all part of his job description. One incident that is still deeply embedded in his mind is when he saw a horrifying incident of his closest friend and comrade being completely blown up by a grenade. Another incident he recalls vividly is when his unit went into one of the small villages in Afghanistan just after insurgents had left. The insurgents wanted to set to set a good example to people who were thought to be collaborators. The destruction left behind was horrendous. He coped up by blocking the images out but when he returned home, the horrific and disturbing images never got out of his mind. At one point he struggled so much trying to remember the past. His wife complained that he was short tempered and always on the edge shouting at the kids and losing...
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...Existential Case Study of George Costanza A Conceptualization and Treatment Plan Abstract An existential case study of G.C. was developed to address his maladaptive behaviors caused from strong generalized anxiety, relational, and employment concerns. The treatment was prompted by his employer who wanted to make sure G.C. could work professionally. A brief introduction of G.C. is followed by an introduction to Existential therapy and its theory and principles. Existential psychotherapy, with a focus on growth and development, is an approach that primarily utilizes the therapeutic relationship and has no specific methodology. Four givens or major concerns in Existentialism are identified and three target areas are determined. Several Existential approaches are used to reach experiential goals for the client. The addition of spirituality to the treatment modality is considered for its utility, compatibility, and possible incompatibility. Empirical evidence is used to support the treatment choices and the rational for the sequence of changes. The anticipated progress and results are considered with possible challenges to the process. Existential Case Study of George Costanza A Conceptualization and Treatment Plan A gentleman with strong generalized anxiety issues was referred by his employer for counseling. It was decided that the most effective approach would be Existential psychotherapy because of its flexibility and efficacy with all of the issues. In addition, the client’s...
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...the paper is that Orem’s theory has strong utility for application to modern day clinical practice and can be applied to most any case in order to attain the desired medical and caring outcomes. The presented discussion will support this perspective of Orem’s theory. The paper begins with a brief overview of the theory which is then followed by a delineation of a non-nursing theory that supports one or more of Orem’s self-care notions. The next section of the paper presents a historical overview of the evolution of Orem’s theory, a delineation of the concepts central to the metaparadigm, and an exploration of the theory’s usefulness in education and research. The final section of the paper applies the theory to a particular case. A model of the theory is presented in Appendix A. Orem’s Self-Care Theory Alligood and Marriner-Tomey (2001) state that conceptual or theoretical models of nurse practice are pivotal to the field, providing the profession with a guide to patient care and with a general frame of reference that connects the structural environment to the patters of behavior and relationships within the organization. The Orem Self-Care Model of Nursing (Orem, Taylor & McLaughlin, 2003) is one such model. According to Seedhouse (2000), the Orem Self-Care Model of Nursing conceptualizes the central role of nursing as assisting the patient with self-care where the term “self-care” is defined as those activities that individuals engage in to maintain life, health and well-being...
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...Case Conceptualization using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Michelle Banks Liberty University Abstract Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a short-term, problem-focused, and goal-orientated form of psychotherapy. CBT is a form of treatment that focuses on the relationship between thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Dysfunctional automatic thoughts, maladaptive assumptions, and maladaptive behaviors are three focuses of CBT. Cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the most extensively researched forms of psychotherapy. There are various ethical issues and several multi-cultural issues that need to be considered with CBT case formulation. Intake discussions with client and analysis of her assessment information suggest a pattern of dysfunctional automatic thoughts, maladaptive assumptions, and maladaptive behaviors. CBT techniques that will be used with client are behavioral activation, monitoring automatic thoughts, and exposure therapy. There may be spiritual challenges in utilizing Christian counseling with CBT. CBT and Christian counseling have are both compatible and incompatible. Case Conceptualization using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a short-term, problem-focused, and goal-orientated form of psychotherapy (Beck, 2011). CBT is not one specific treatment approach; rather it includes a combination of elements from cognitive, behavior, and emotion therapy (Murdock, 2013). CBT is a continuously evolving theory...
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...Change and Culture Case Study II Change and Culture Case Study II Mergers are more than just two companies joining together to become one. There are additional changes that have to take place in order for the merging facilities to exist as one. The new organization mission and vision must be defined and communicated. There will also be a need to redesign and redirect nuisances, task, and job performance measures. The merger between Health care Facility A and Health Care Facility B was initiated six months ago. The merger created the Open Health Care Facility. This facility was forced to eliminate jobs because of duplicate positions and job responsibilities. Each health care facility contributed their own area experts in all fields and to align the staff with the budget allocations, staffing was reduced tremendously. There have been changes in the organizational structure, changes and enhancements in processes and production, and changes in the quantity of staff members. The newly structured administration sees a need for a redesign of patient care delivery because of all the changes and enhancements implemented. A suggestion was made to use the universal worker concept. Consider the words universal worker in a health care facility. This could mean that one person is capable of doing all task in every position and department. Can you say “burn out”? Burn out of employees could be one reason why the universal worker model often failed in other organizations...
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