...Patterns of Evolution Dawn Austin SCI/230 January 28, 2011 Mrs. Sara Young Humans shape their environment in ways that other organisms cannot. Are humans subject to the same pressures of natural selection as other organisms? Why or why not? Yes, Humans are subject to the same pressures of natural selection like all other organisms. According to an article I was reading, the fact is that change in gene pool over time in all species is completely avoidable. Eyre-Walker and Keightley claimed that in 1999 that humans have had an average 4.2 amino acid altering mutations every generation since humans separated from the chimpanzees (physicpost.com, 2003). Provide an example of convergent and divergent evolution, adaptive radiation, and co-evolution. Adaptation radiation is an example of divergent evolution. Divergent evolution is the process of two or more related species becoming more dissimilar. An example of divergent evolution is; the red fox and kit fox, the red fox lives in forest and farm lands where its red color helps it blend in with surrounding trees. The kit fox lives in the plains and in the desert where their environment is sandy and their color help conceal them from prey and predators. The ears of the kit fox are larger from the red fox. The kit fox ears are an adaptation to its desert environment. The enlarged surface area of its ears help the fox get rid of excess body heat. The red fox and the kit fox have similarities that suggest that they had common...
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...Patterns of Evolution Humans are still subjected to the same pressures of natural selection as other organisms because we also compete for sources of food as our society becomes over populated while adapting to environmental concerns, such as global warming with radically different changes in climates, contaminated water sources, or other forms of pollution. Survival of the human race will require reproduction to avoid becoming extinct, thus ensuring the perpetuation of favorable traits in preceding generations. Biologists have recognized that patterns of evolution exist and can vary because every species is unique. Convergent evolution is unrelated organisms living in similar environments, which can evolve with similar characteristics, such as the example of a hurricane can look and feel the same, whether it occurs in Florida or Italy. Divergent evolution, species living in different regions that were closely related, yet perhaps drifted apart, such as the example of the polar bear and the brown bear. Polar bears developed new characteristics because they needed blubber to keep warm in the snowy climates in comparison to the brown bear. Adaptive radiation, several species move into a new territory and evolves into a completely new species, which began from a single species, such as the marsupials – kangaroos with powerful, long legs to cover large areas of land, and koalas with smaller, centralized bodies allowing them to climb trees. Co-evolution occurs between interacting...
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...Evolution of management thought and patterns of management analysis. Scientific management school •A theory is simply a blueprint or roadmap that guides towards achieving the goal. In other wards, it provides a systemic framework for actions. •Study of management only dates for the last century, although there has been concerns about effective management practice for over centuries Scientific management school The two earliest pioneers of management theory are: -Robert Own and -Charles Babbage Scientific management school Robert Own (1771 -1858) A British industrialist who valued the organization’s human resources. Scientific management school He advocated ideas such as, - better working condition - meals for employees - reduced working hours He claimed that people deserve more respect and dignity. Scientific management school *Charles Babbage (1792 -1871) An English Mathematician who encouraged the application of mathematics to solve efficiency problems Scientific management school His work put the basic lines of both classical and quantitative management theories. He was also the originator of modern management theory and practice The classical management theory Includes two approaches: Scientific management Classical management Scientific management Concerned with the management of work and workers. it grew from researches of five people: Scientific management *Fredrick W.Taylor(1856 -1915) He was interested in...
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...MANAGERS AND MANAGING What is Management? "Management is the organizational process that includes strategic planning, setting objectives, managing resources, deploying the human and financial assets needed to achieve objectives, and measuring results. Management also includes recording and storing facts and information for later use or for others within the organization. Management functions are not limited to managers and supervisors. Every member of the organization has some management and reporting functions as part of their job." (Knowledge Management Terms, 2009) Essential Managerial Tasks A manager's job uniquely describes the functions of management, which are most commonly cited as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, although some managers' jobs identify additional functions. The process of management is defined by the functions of management, which are distinct from accounting, finance, marketing, and other business functions. " These functions provide a useful way of classifying information about management, and most basic management texts since the 1950s have been organized around a functional framework." (Cengage, 2006) Levels and Skills of Managers Most organizations have three levels of management. First-line, middle, and top managers. While first-line managers are responsible for the day-to-day supervision of non-managerial employees, middle managers are responsible for developing and utilizing organizational resources efficiently...
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...com/locate/infosys Version management for business process schema evolution Xiaohui Zhao a,n, Chengfei Liu b a b Information Systems Discipline, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia a r t i c l e in f o abstract Article history: Received 20 October 2009 Received in revised form 22 January 2013 Accepted 28 March 2013 Recommended by M. Weske Available online 6 April 2013 The current business environment changes rapidly, dictated by user requirements and market opportunities. Organisations are therefore driven to continuously adapt their business processes to new conditions. Thus, management of business process schema evolution, particularly process version control, is in great demand to capture the dynamics of business process schema changes. This paper aims to facilitate version control for business process schema evolution, with an emphasis on version compatibility, co-existence of multiple versions and dynamic version shifts. A multi-level versioning approach is established to specify dependency between business process schema evolutions, and a novel version preserving graph model is proposed to record business process schema evolutions. A set of business process schema updating operations is devised to support the entire set of process change patterns. By maintaining sufficient and necessary schema and version information...
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...scientific finding, there are always misconceptions surrounding it. Mainly, the media might portray the finding in an uneducated way. For evolution, certain measures have to be taken when writing about it in classroom textbook. Because of decreasing state support and increasing political factionalism, writers have a harder time composing a textbook that presents adequate scientific material. In Padian’s article about the misrepresentations of evolution in textbooks and the media, he not only talks about the process, but also about how to address scientific research and statements. It is overwhelming for writers to keep up with new research that contradicts traditional material or if it will be changed in a couple of months. It is...
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...Clicker set up CLICKERS Remove clear plastic batter strip Set channel 41 Press Ch 4 1 Ch You see a RED/ORANGE light, Then GREEN [OLDER CLICKERS Evidence for evolution GO 4 1} F. Dooley (Fall 2015) pg 3/21 Clicker set up To answer a question Press ONE button for your response (DO NOT press Ch) You see a green light If you change your mind while polling is open: Press another button; the computer records your last response Evidence for evolution F. Dooley (Fall 2015) pg 4/21 Clicker set up To answer a question, cont. Discuss and re-answer: you must respond again with your clicker even if your answer is UNCHANGED Clicker malfunction during lecture See John or Christine at the podium after class Evidence for evolution F. Dooley (Fall 2015) pg 5/21 Clicker set up Check your scores! The green light after answering does not confirm correct registration or proper clicker use Some clicker errors can be detected only by checking your scores Scores will be posted later today Email will alert you If your score is blank (-), email John jwparks@uw.edu right away Evidence for evolution F. Dooley (Fall 2015) pg 6/21 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION Today’s question: How can hypotheses be tested experimentally? Evidence for evolution F. Dooley (Fall 2015) pg 7/21 Clicker 1 Q1: Suppose you wanted to do an experiment on how a new blood pressure medication affects the risk of stroke. How could...
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...Theories and the Theory of Evolution Joy Dawson Colorado Technical University Author Notes This paper was prepared for SCI 101- 1401A taught by Professor Scott Christensen on January 17, 2014. Theories and the Theory of Evolution Evolution, a natural selection theorized by Charles Darwin and backed by many other scientist based on the scientific method. All theories must be capable to conduct testable predictions. Predictions are performed by observation and experimentations that are then to be conducted to give the theories authentication to the predictions. Darwin theory depends on slow, consistent, gradual change in organisms which in time will become a new species. Other evolutionary theories propose that evolution occurred in rapid periods of time or that a designer intervened during different times to modify or create organisms. The controversial debate of punctuated equilibrium and phyletic gradualism still exists, but the interesting research continues with fossil records, patterns of punctuated equilibrium, and maybe even more with the use of innovations of today. It is safe to say that scientists agree there is two models of growth which theorizes evolution of species can emerge. A species can change by phyletic gradualism and punctuated equilibrium or both. Scientist believes species with a shorter evolution change is mostly by punctuated equilibrium, however, those with a longer progression developed mostly by gradualism. Phyletic gradualism happens gradually...
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...Sociobiology is a field of scientific study which is based on the assumption that social behaviour has resulted from evolution and attempts to explain and examine social behaviour within that context. By claiming a more biological route it explains that the behaviour of both humans and animals are due to biological and evolutionary factors. Sociobiology is mostly interested in the evolution of physical structures and is more genetic control orientated therefore differentiating it from evolutionary psychology. The focus on adaptation and reproductive success rather than progress toward perfection is made most clear through the work of sociobiologists like Edward O. Wilson. Adopting a focused approach to the understanding of behaviour on the genetic level, Wilson saw social behaviour as being controlled, in principle, by particular genes. Evolution and human behaviour from a sociobiologists view point occurs as a result of genetic determinism, reflexes, habituation, Fixed Action Pattern’s (FAP’S) and complex social behaviour. Sociobiologists would argue that just as selection pressure led to animals evolving advantageous ways of interacting with the natural environment, selection pressure also led to the genetic evolution of beneficial social behaviour.. Take for intense a sociobiologists view on genetic determinism. Genetic determinism is the belief that genes and environmental conditions, determine specific structural features and behavioural phenotypes or observable characteristics...
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...sdfsdfsdfsdTermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory * Join * Search * Browse * Saved Papers ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form * Home Page » * Historical Events Economic Development: a Comparison of Rostow and Gerschenkron In: Historical Events Economic Development: a Comparison of Rostow and Gerschenkron “Rostow’s pattern of thought of economic development is often compared and contrasted with that of Alexander Gerschenkron, though the two are more or less compatible and complementary.” Critically discuss this statement. The theory of economic development throughout history has been of significant discussion especially in regard to the works of Rostow and Gerschenkron. The differentiation between the pattern of thoughts and ideals is a hotly debated topic within economics. The ideals the two theorists create, each substantially creditable in their own right, entail degrees of correlation and variation. Leaving the conclusion, do the to patterns of economic thought complement one another or is there distinct disparity between the two. Applied examples will be used below to analyse the extent of segregation or association between the works of Rostow and Gerschenkron. The two theories of work are mainly discussed with Asian development as it is more relevant, timely and there is significantly more information available than previous developed countries such as Great...
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...Beren Robinson’s Field Study The field study by Beren Robinson is an exceptional study of threespine sticklebacks, which relate to ecology evolution. The original findings of researchers differ from Robinson’s field study. Robinson’s hypothesis states the threespine sticklebacks diverse phenotypes are the creation of natural selection supporting the discrepancy in the population. The variables in the study are diet and environmental conditions. Ecologists use evidence and observation to quantify results by using information from other studies and experiments. Robinson’s field study relates to evolution and natural selection, and each play an important role in ecology. Robinson’s field study should alter variables of life span, growth rate, and body size to understand the evolution of the threespine stickleback species. Original Observations of Researchers The field study by Beren Robinson is a study to determine how the threespine stickleback species of fish have evolved. The threespine sticklebacks went through an increased era of time. Only two species of threespine sticklebacks inhabit in a lake. Original observations of researchers suggest that opposing selective pressures in open-water and shallow water are factors in the evolution of the threespine sticklebacks (Smith & Smith, 2009). Robinson’s study proves a different analysis and suggests natural selection is a key factor. The study by Beren Robinson and the department of Zoology at the University of Guelph...
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...Explain how species diversity arises c. Explain the patterns of biodiversity on Earth d. List several regions of high biodiversity e. Define evolution. This week we are doing an assignment on teach back and I have chosen Biodiversity. I have found some great information on biodiversity but before I can go any further I need to understand what biodiversity is. What is biodiversity? Biodiversity means the diversity, or variety, of plants and animals and other living things in a particular area or region Biodiversity may also mean the number, or abundance of different species living within a particular region. There are three kinds of biodiversity that are there to preserve our systems. First we the genetic diversity, species diversity, and lastly the ecological diversity. When looking at on how the species in diversity arise we would look at the surrounding areas and the climate that affect the species. There are many species in the ecosystem and when something such as climate change you will have a problem in your food change, water sours. When this happens it will be harder for the species to survive since they are being deprived. The patterns of biodiversity begin with community structure, which begin with the climate and ecosystems. There is a list of patterns that affect the earth of biodiversity; there are hotspots as they are called and cold spots (high and low). Along with the patterns there are the relationships between local and regional...
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...Examining Evolution from Two Subfields in Anthropology ANTH 101 Professor Rosh March 25, 2012 Evolution overall is the change and adaptation of all living things on this planet. In the past this idea was thought to be absurd and still in today’s society some people still don’t believe in the theory of evolution. Thanks to a man named Charles Darwin who was brave and smart enough to publish scientific books on this subject some of our society now accepts the concept and studies it. To think that living species does not change and adapt over time is nonsense. With the study of evolution humankind can learn from its past and better prepare for the future by studying how humankind has developed over the past. Evolution is defined in biology as the idea that all species can change over time and have a common ancestry (Parker, 2008). A physical anthropologist could study primatology in order to study evolution for humankind. Primatology is the study in physical anthropology that began with morphological comparisons of primates to reconstruct the evolution of humans (Rodman, 1999). Studying primatology can help the study of evolution because it is a very good example of basic evolution and primates and human beings have a lot of similar traits and also the primate is the closest living example that is like a human genetically. This source was chosen because it helps break down the meaning and understanding of primatology and provides the basics and in depth terms to...
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...terabytes. Within this huge data, information of importance needs to be identified. Since the evolution of human life, the people discover patterns. As farmer recognizes pattern of growth in the field, bank recognizes the earning and spending pattern of a customer and politicians seeks pattern in voter opinion. This huge amount of data needs to be used either for business growth or scientific discoveries. The process of discovering the patterns and relationships in data using the analysis tools is called Data Mining. The simplest form of data mining is as follows: 1. Describing...
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...more important? This is a question any sane mind is probably asking themselves and are struggling to find solutions to the RELIGION/CULTURE wars that are being fought. Do you think if we can find the problem, the root problem in terms of behavioral patterns and evolution is found, we can some how move on to the next conflict? i think so.......for me human's with their ability to think also have the need to be in control and to be the cause of having more. For eg. lets look at animals... across all species the one most common thing that drives them is the need to create, to be able to pass on their genes and knowledge.............to be immortal and this has not changed except that it is now showing up in different ways like power, control and ego . if at the biological level if we are similar to animals/any living thing then why should this fundamental need be any different. Our culture over the past thousands of years has been evolving at a faster pace than our evolution as a species. As a species we still want to follow our distinct behavioral patterns as against the cultural growth that we have designed and implemented. when there is friction between cultures then the culture which is already at war with the behavioral patterns of the species is weakened further, thus leading to conflict at a level where the loss of life is not considered as a...
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