...A Term Paper on UN peacekeeping and the Role of Bangladesh Submitted to: Dr. Syeda Rozana Rashid Assistant professor Department of International Relations Submitted by: Roksana Mohammed(rk-56) Nafisa Noor(km-76) 2nd year 3rd semester Date of submission:11.05.2013 Abstract Peacekeeping operations by the UN are the operations designed to restore or protect the peace in certain areas of conflict. Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the United Nation to assist host countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace. Bangladesh has contributed the largest amount of troops in the UN peacekeeping operations. Bangladesh’s troops is being praised and honored by world widely because of its efficiency in UN Peacekeeping operations. This term paper is based on the activities of UN Peacekeeping and the role of Bangladesh in the UN peacekeeping missions. Bangladesh Army started its journey in the UN Peacekeeping mission in 1988.Bangladesh Armed Forces has so far participated in 52 Peacekeeping missions in 40 countries. This paper also regards with the view of the performance of troops of Bangladesh in UN peacekeeping missions and the importance of Bangladesh’s role in Peacekeeping mission as the contributor of the highest number of troops. The various issues with the troops of Bangladesh are also provided in the paper. References are also included in this paper. Content * Methodology………………………………………………………………pg-01 ...
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...“We, as peace-keepers, represent the United Nations and are present in the country to help it recover from the trauma of a conflict. As a result we must consciously be prepared to accept special constraints in our public and private lives in order to do the work and to pursue the ideals of the United Nations Organization” United Nations DPKO [1] These words illustrate the highest standards of integrity and conduct that need to be maintained and performed by the UN peacekeepers as required by the United Nations Organization. The world’s largest “club” embodies the aspirations of all the people of the world for maintaining peace and security of all its member states. It also at a glance demonstrates the main role or aims that have been made the responsibility of UN peacekeepers in relieving a conflict-torn country, although it relies on their dignity and restraint. Despite the many motivations behind UN peacekeepers (soldiers) joining the UN peace operations, such as compulsory military service, the opportunity for travel or adventure, to pursue a career, adding some skills that can be useful after retiring from service, or simply for better pay; many express their interest to bring peace to people and stability to an area wrecked by conflict.[2] My experience as a former UN peacekeeper in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) from 2004 until 2005 encouraged my intention to analyze what was going on there. UN peace operation...
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...Conflict Resolution and Peacemaking PSY/400 March 2, 2015 Conflict Resolution and Peacemaking According to Myers (2010), whenever two or more people, groups, or nations interact, their perceived needs and goals may conflict" (p. 499). Social dilemmas come upon when one side fails to understand with the others' viewpoint and incorrectly attributes reason to the other's behavior. Divergence can be power-driven by competition, seeming unfair, and by mix-ups and misunderstandings of the other's behavior. Peace is an equally beneficial relationship, which has non to low levels of violent behavior and aggression. Peacemaking is used in effort to resolve conflict. To give an end to conflict. Before peacemaking has an influence on any circumstances there needs to be a conflict an issue, something that is not agreed upon. One type of conflict is the Iraq War. A group of people create camps in the war zones helping the people fight in contradiction of the war, by developing relationships and giving a sense of authorization to the Iraqi people. Peacemaking is bringing a conflict to a resolution not just suppressing it or coverin it up. Peace comes when the two different sides can reconcile alterations and reach an agreement. Peacemaking is what brings toxic forces and damaging conflict to a beneficial resolution. Peacemaking is making peace by settling disputes between groups, individuals, nations, communities, and even within families ...
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...Solomon Islands). Fearon (2004; 2005) helps us to understand the dynamics of these wars. He notes that many of the longest civil wars of the world take place in the context of “sons-of-the-soil” disputes. The hallmarks of these wars are that they are protracted, low in intensity, fought between a government and a peripheral ethnic group seeking autonomy or secession, and the rebels do not view the government as a credible partner in peace talks. Democracy and mediation in territorial civil wars in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Table 1 The territorial wars in Southeast Asia and South Pacific, 1960–2005 Territory Insurgents Start date 5 August 1950 1 January 1965 Episode start 5 August 1950 31 December 1965 1 January 1967 1 January 1976 7 December 1975 7 December 1975 1 January 1992 1 January 1997 1 May 1989 1 January 1963 1 January 1948 8 September 1990 8 January 1999 1 January 1963 31 December 1948 27 January 1995 1 January 1997 12 April 2005 1 January 1948 1 January 1948 29 December 1991 1 January 1994 1 January 1958 31 December 1948 27 March 1990 23 December 1996 1 January 1949 1 January 1957 Episode end 249 South Moluccas Republic of South Moluccas West Papua West Papua West Papua East Timor East Timor East Timor Aceh Aceh North Borneo Karen Karen Karen Karen Arakan Arakan Arakan Mon Mon Mon Kachin Kachin Karenni Karenni Karenni Karenni Shan OPM OPM OPM Fretilin Fretilin Fretilin GAM GAM CCO God’s army, KNU God’s army, KNU God’s army, KNU God’s army, KNU Arakan...
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...Running header: Just War Theory The Just War Theory Regarding the War on Terrorism Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract The modern interpretation of the Just War Theory list seven conditions which must met in order for a war to be considered “Just” (jus ad bellum). This paper demonstrates that, while it has been suggested that all wars, even the current war on terrorism, are unjust, the facts remain that any war that meets each of the seven criteria is a just war, regardless of opinion. Throughout the ages man has always looked to bring about the end of war, or when war has been waged to minimize the destruction caused when nations war. According to the text;”these rules were worked out in the late Middle Ages by the so-called Schoolmen or Scholars, building on the Roman law and early Christian thinkers such as Augustine and Ambrose. (The Moral of the Story, 2006) These rules were developed to first, deter wars, but when determined necessary, to limit the scope and suffering from the war. While not completely universal in scope, most advanced western societies have embraced the theory of just war as a bases for determining when, and if, a war is justified. As set forth by the Schoolmen, there are seven criteria that must be considered and met before nations can engage in war. They are; the Last Resort, a Just Cause, a Legitimate, Competent Authority, Comparative Justice, Right Intention, Probability of Success...
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...1 Introduction Conflict at the sub-national level can impede development, can jeopardize human security and can greatly slow the process of peace-building and nation building. The formal end to a conflict, however, does neither guarantee an improvement to the situation nor assure a steady path towards post-conflict development and reconciliation. As such, it is becoming increasingly important to study the nature of a peace process and the actual peace accord reached. Understanding the framework of a peace accord will demonstrate both the overt and underlying concerns of all parties involved in the conflict. And, the plan of implementation will reveal the degree to which each party is serious about their commitment to a negotiated peace agreement....
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...The Art of War In everything that we do in our life, first thing that we should do is to make plans on how we’re going to do a thing, when will do it, where we will do it, why we’re doing it and what’s the purpose of doing it. Sun Tzu emphasized the importance of positioning in military strategy. The decision to position an army must be based on both objective conditions in the physical environment and the subjective beliefs of other, competitive actors in that environment. He thought that strategy was not planning in the sense of working through an established list, but rather that it requires quick and appropriate responses to changing conditions. Planning works in a controlled environment; but in a changing environment, competing plans collide, creating unexpected situations. In the first chapter of the Art of War talks about laying plans or the calculations. Planning explores the five fundamental factors (the way, seasons, terrain, leadership and management) and seven elements that determine the outcomes of military engagement. By thinking, assessing and comparing these points, a commander can calculate his chances of victory. Habitual deviation from these calculations will ensure failure via improper action. The text stresses that war is a very grave matter for the state and must not be commenced without due consideration. In waging war or the challenge explains how to understand the economy of warfare and how success requires winning decisive engagements quickly. It...
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...Bellum iustum or the Just War Theory is a military ethics doctrine derived from Episcopal philosophy of the Roman Catholic Church. As studied today, the Just War Theory is considered hugely informed by the Christian understanding of the justifications of wars of invasion. In ethicist literature as in moral theology and policy making, the Just War Theory is associated with the belief that conflicts can be justified under certain philosophical, political and religious criteria. This paradigm dates back to the times of Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman statesman, philosopher, lawyer, theorist and constitutionalist. The connection of the theory to medieval Christian theory and particularly, contemporary Catholicism is in the works of Thomas Aquinas and Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis (Gutman & Rieff, 2000). The former, also called Thomas of Aquin was an Italian Dominican priest, a theologian and a philosopher. The latter, also called St. Augustine, Blessed Augustine or Augustine of Hippo, was a onetime Bishop of Hippo Regius, a philosopher and theologian. This paper describes the tenets of the just war theory derived from the works of these philosophers and the utility of the theory within contemporary warfare. Specific focus is on the justification of the US invasion of Iraq and the consequences thereof. In the works of these three philosophers, the Just War Theory took a Christian connotation of the Roman Empire’s view of warfare. The Christian understanding of provocation to war...
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...ARTICLE Celina Del Felice and Andria Wisler The Unexplored Power and Potential of Youth as Peace-builders Journal of Peace Conflict & Development Issue 11, November 2007 available from www.peacestudiesjournal.org.uk ARTICLE The Unexplored Power and Potential of Youth as Peace-builders By Celina Del Felice and Andria Wisler1 1 Celina Del Felice is a PhD student at CIDIN (Centre for International Development Issues Nijmegen), University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands (www.ru.nl/cidin). She has experience working with local governments, national and international NGOs, especially on youth and participation issues. Celina is also associated with the United Network of Young Peacebuilders (www.unoy.org) as a policy advisor. Andria Wisler is a PhD candidate in Comparative and International Education at Teachers College, Columbia University in New York City. She is currently a lecturer in the Center for Holocaust, Genocide and Peace Studies at the University of Nevada as well as at the European University Center for Peace Studies in Austria. 1 ARTICLE Celina Del Felice and Andria Wisler The Unexplored Power and Potential of Youth as Peace-builders Journal of Peace Conflict & Development Issue 11, November 2007 available from www.peacestudiesjournal.org.uk ABSTRACT Around the world many young people are victims of cultural, direct, and structural violence and become carriers of that violence or perpetration. There is a strong tendency among politicians...
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...Here are what your journal entries should be: Mar 1 Debit Cash and Credit Common Stock for $72,000 Mar 1 Debit Rent Expense and Credit Cash for $4,500 Mar 1 Debit Prepaid Insurance and Credit Cash for $3,300 Mar 7 Debit Supplies and Credit Accounts Payable - Paarkview Company for $900 Mar 10 Debit Salaries Expense and Credit Cash for $2,200 Mar 14 Debit Equipment for $9,000 Credit Cash for $1,500 Credit Accounts Payable - Hammond Company $7,500 Mar 15 Debit Cash and Credit Landscaping Revenue for $4,896 Mar 19 Debit Accounts Payable - Parkview Company and Credit Cash $450 Mar 31 Debit Cash and Credit Landscaping Revenue for $5,304 Mar 31 Debit Cash Dividends and Credit Cash for 1,000 Your Debits and Credits should equal $90,150 Your payment to Hammond Company will not be recorded until 4/1 also check your math i.e. additions and subtractions as your account balances may be off. I have done this same exercise and the total Debits and Credits I came up with were $103,550 which also matches what the professor hinted they should be but he also said he had not verified the totals.... Or are we making a big mistake somewhere? Debits Credits 72,000 72,000 4,500 4,500 3,300 3,300 900 900 2,200 2,200 9,000 1,500 7,500 4,896 4,896 450 450 5,304 5,304 1,000 1,000 103,550 103,550 Question 2 Answerer 1 Cash (Dr.) Repair Supplies (Dr) Prepaid Insurance (Dr) Repair Equipment (Dr) Accounts Payable (Cr) Bicycle Repair Revenue (Cr) ...
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...REQUIREMENT #2: Post the March journal entries to the following T-Accounts and compute ending balances. Cash (111) Credit 72,000 March 1 March 15 4,896 March 1 March 31 5,304 March 10 March 14 March 19 March 31 Balance 69250 Debits 4500 3,300 2,200 1500 450 1000 Landscaping Revenue (411) Credit March 15 4,896 March 15 5,304 March 31 10200 Balance 10200 Debit Balance 0 Prepaid Insurance (117) Debits Credit March 1 3300 Balance 3300 March 31 275 Balance 3025 Rent Expense (511) Debit Credit March 1 4,500 Balance 4500 March 31 Balance 0 4500 Supplies (119) Debit Credit March 7 900 Balance 900 March 31 Balance 475 425 Debit March 10 Balance Salaries Expense (512) Credit 2,200 2200 March 31 2200 Balance 0 Equipment (144) Debit March 14 Balance 9,000 9,000 Insurance Expense (513) Debit Credit March 31 275 Balance 275 March 31 275 Balance 0 Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment (145) March 31 150 Balance 150 Debit March 31 Balance Supplies Expense (514) Credit 425 425 March 31 425 Balance 0 Accounts Payable (212) Debit Credit March 19 450 March 14 7500 March 7 900 Balance 7950 Depreciation Expense (515) March 31 150 Balance 150 March 31 150 Balance 0 Income Tax Payable (213) March 31 795 Balance 795 Income Tax Expense (516) March 31 795 March 31 795 Balance 795 Balance 0 Debit Common Stock (311) Credit Balance 72,000 72000 Income Summary (517) March 31 8345 March 31 March 31 1855 Balance Balance 0 10200 1855 March 31 Retained Earnings (312) 1000 March 31 1855 Balance 855...
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...TERRORISM, WAR, PEACE AND HUMAN RIGHTS FACULTY GUIDEBAC 445 FONTBONNE UNIVERSITY OPTIONS BACHELOR OF ARTS IN CONTEMPORARY STUDIES COURSE DESCRIPTION This course will explore ethical, theoretical, and practical questions relating to terrorism, the engagement of war, cultural and ethnic conflicts. This course will explore why we wage war, the development of terrorism and its impact on societies, society’s quest for peace and the methods attempted to achieve peace. This course will also explore the concept of human rights and how terrorism and war impact these rights. © Copyright Fontbonne University, St. Louis, MO, January 2007. COURSE OVERVIEW TOPICS • Historic and philosophical positions on war • Contemporary moral foundations on war • Human rights • Terrorism • Humanitarian intervention and preemptive war • Religious positions on war • Toward a theory of just peace COURSE OVERVIEW INTRODUCTORY NOTES TO FACULTY The subjects of war, peace, terrorism and human rights are daily fare in the media. While people form strong opinions on these matters and tend to regard them as right or wrong, many do not have the skills to analyze and clearly articulate a rationale for their positions. The purpose of this course is thus twofold: to equip students with the ethical theories needed to make a judgment...
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...line to present his feelings and emotion. From aggression to peaceful, Goldworthy presented an array of emotions. I noted some of the examples of how Andy uses line to present emotion. One emotion that I detected was freedom. He talked about how water was so unpredictable and free and in one of his pieces; he connected dozens of green leaves and formed a line with them. He then put those leaves in a river. The leaves’ movement was not predictable and showed freedom. Goldworthy also depicted peacefulness in one of his pieces. Andy woke up early one morning before sunrise and worked on an ice sculpture. Ice is peaceful to me because it his frozen and never moving, depicting stillness and peace. The sculpture was finished just as the sun rose and gleamed perfectly on the piece, which depicted peace in my eyes. Andy Goldworthy was also passionate about the color red. Red in my eyes shows aggression, anger, and power. In one of his pieces, he would grab different rocks from riverbeds that would produce a deep red color. He would then put that color in several places around the river, which in my eyes depicted aggression. Goldworthy is very passionate about the emotion that he puts in his work and it was clear from the...
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...Jason Palmer ENC 1102 [ 10 June 2013 ] The Vent Analysis Justin Scott (born August 26, 1986), better known by his stage name Big K.R.I.T (King Remembered In Time), is an American hip hop recording artist and record producer from Meridian, Mississippi. The lyrics of this song are commonly written like most songs with consonance, rhyme, and metaphors. In the case of the song The Vent it is fully written with other figures of language such as, imagery, allusions, that reveal the subject of the song, which is the mind of a person conflicted with emotions and nowhere to go, like holding a filled cup of water and it keeps filling and you have nowhere to empty it as it piles up and starts to overflow before the person drops and breaks the glass as a shattered psyche similar to a mental breakdown. The first topic of discussion is derived from the title. Venting is something we all at some point in our lives have been known to go through. It refers to the very moment when immense emotion is pent up in our mind our souls and most importantly our hearts so we need to find a way to channel these emotions calmly and peacefully through a listening ear. The Vent, like anyone else who has gone through this was a moment in this man's life where he had all of these emotions, these mental aches and pains, and what he goes through when he can no longer repress these emotions and needs to get something off his chest . The writer uses allusion in some parts of the lyrics, trying to explain...
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...Global Peace and Justice Begins at Home. Wars are everywhere. Wars define destruction. Not only does it destroy the Earth and whatnot but what a lot of us, naive people do not realise is that it also destroys the pure innocent minds of the little, chaste children. Many of us people misunderstand the concept of opening the minds of the kids to wars. The main reason why we do so is to make sure that the kids would not start any wars and let the peace on Earth sustain. Without realising the consequences, the erroneous thing that people do now is to open the minds of these children to the basic ways of starting a war. Global peace is a personal choice, hour by hour. Ask yourself, "Am I going to add to the fighting in the world? Or offer up something greater?" If you want to obtain peace, then start changing the world by changing the ways you teach these children. They are supposed to be playing hopscotch, filling in colouring books, having pets, playing hide and seek. What happened to that? I no longer see kids doing these things. Based on what I see on the Internet, parents are starting to neglect their responsibilities and instead of teaching their children good things, they are literally teaching them stuff like how to use a gun and how to use army knives. Despite the fact that these kids are still too small to be carrying out these type of activities, they are also too gullible to barely even think about the ramification of learning these stuff. Parents who train their...
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