...King Jr., Martin Luther. "The Quest for Peace and Justice." University of Oslo, Norway. 11 Dec. 1964. Lecture. Dr. King begins by thanking the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Parliament for bestowing such an honorable prize to him. He continues to talk about how the modern man has created an incredible world with many, many great endeavors. But then he points out a flaw, he then speaks about how the human spirit has increasingly suffered the more and more our technological achievements grow. That the human soul is in a state of poverty. He claims that man lives in two different realms of existence. He calls these two realms internal and external. He believes that one of the biggest problems in todays society is that we have allowed for the internal to be lost in the external. The internal realm is more about the spirit and the soul, and the external is more about material things and possessions. There are three major problems in our world that grow out of main problem, which is ethical infantilism. The first of the problems is racial injustice, this problem has plagued many nations and communities across the word for many, many years. The normal structure of modern society is being redone, it is being reviewed and is going through dramatic changes. There are many laws and rules that are being changed to help remove racial injustice from america, for instance, in 1954 the separation of whites and colored folk in the school system become a thing of the far past. The...
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...INTRODUCTION In the United Nations charter for maintenance of international peace and security, the Security Council has primary responsibility to play in that. It is for Security Council to determine when and where a UN peacekeeping operation should be deployed. The Security Council response to crises around the world on a case by case basis and it has a range of options at its disposal. It takes many different factors into accounts considering the establishment of new peace operation including: i. whether there is a ceasefire in place and the parties have committed themselves to a peace process intended to reach a political settlement ii. Whether a clear political goal exists and whether it can be reflected in the mandate iii. Whether a precise mandate for a UN operation can be formulated iv. Whether the safety and security of UN personnel can be reasonably ensured, including in particular whether reasonable guarantees can be obtained from the main parties or factions regarding the safety and security of UN personnel The changing role of the United Nations includes the following. Conflict resolution, conflict prevention, women peace security Collective security, disarmament, peace building, and The development of new international arrangement to promote peace stability and the general welfare among others. ROLES OF UNITED NATIONS IN MAINTENANCE OF PEACE AND SECURITY CONFLICT RESOLUTION Many international controversies do not even come before the UN because the parties...
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...the beginning of the relations, the main goal was to reduce the cost causes by the distance being between two states. For the international relation to well work, peace has been centralized into the international system. Because without peace no relation can happened and be efficient. However,...
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...Assess the main reasons for the conflict in Northern Ireland and to what extent have these been resolved by the agreement brokered by the government of the UK and Ireland in 1998? "No person knows better than you do that the domination of England is the sole and blighting curse of this country. It is the incubus that sits on our energies, stops the pulsation of the nation’s heart and leaves to Ireland not gay vitality but horrid the convulsions of a troubled dream."Daniel O'Connell in an 1831 letter to Bishop Doyle The conflict in Northern Ireland started in the late 1960’s, and officially ended with the “Good Friday” Agreement, signed in Belfast in 1998. If this duration is not questioned, what remains at the root of the conflict generally is. Spreading over almost thirty years, “The Troubles” have been divided down many lines: ethnically, geographically, and religiously. Therefore, in order to understand the complexity of Irish nationalism, as well as the role played by the various actors (political parties, paramilitaries, security forces of the UK and Ireland etc…), it is necessary to go back in time, in search of the very core of “the Irish Question”. Ireland was England’s first colony in the late 12th century, and after it had been brought under the ascendancy of the English Crown in 1534, the Irish Parliament appointed Henri VIII “King of Ireland” in 1541[1]. At this stage of history, the first religious disagreement came to light. Whereas Ireland...
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...won in the cycle of war” (Eisenberg & Caplan, 2010). These conflicts have lead to wars, were negotiated to create peace, or both. In the case of the conflicts and wars between the Egyptians and Israelis, a peace treaty was generated during the Camp David Accords in 1978. As “more and more occasions require negotiations” it is essential to learned about negotiation (Fisher, Ury, & Patton, 2011). It is useful to examine historical conflicts and negotiations, such as the Camp David Accords,...
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...two main reasons. First, because it is one of the most important issue that concerns Human’s life and one of the crucial factor that determine his existence in the world, because it is commonly agreed that the greatest achievement of mortals is the seeking of happiness. Second, and the most intrigued part is that it makes in confrontation Human’s instinct and Human’s reason trying to figure out and to analyze which one of them has the bigger chance and potential to contribute in the achievement of happiness. In this context, two different perspectives raised trying to encounter this concept. The first approach is the Eudemonist theory which his followers claims and believe in the capacity of moral actions to achieve happiness. In the other side, there is the classical point of view that is supported by many philosophers such as Mill and Kant that reject the previous hypothesis and argue that happiness is more likely to be attend through following natural instincts rather than reason because they are from two different nature and also they emphasize the fact that reason has another purpose more important and more valuable than happiness. Therefore, it can be deduced that these two approaches are different from each others in their attempt to give a sense to happiness. Epicurus argues that happiness is in the satisfaction of both the soul and the body. In order to be more accurate, according to Epicurus, an individual has to seek the health of the body as well as the peace of mind...
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...important in regards to happiness. People often struggle with finding happiness when living in solitude. When people don’t have other people to talk to for long periods of time, they often start to feel lonely or depressed....
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...especially after the September 11, 2001 attack. At this time, the interests of the nation were to be abandoned and promote more for the security of the nation. Realism is a theory of international relations which holds the view that the interest of a nation overrides other considerations such as the moral values. Furthermore, actions undertaken by government leaders do not take into account the effect that such deeds may have on other sovereign states. They are therefore, likely to violate the ethical considerations when pursuing their goals and interests from other states. The idea of realism is closely related to the ideas of Thomas Hobbes of people in a state of nature. They are considered to attempt to gratify their own needs without caring for the other individuals. It perceives people as fiercely competitive and selfish. People in their quest to accomplish their needs can use all means in order to achieve their desired goals. The international political principles and accountability are less regarded as long as the interests of a particular country are achieved. International bodies that...
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...Under the advisement of Professor Eileen Babbitt and Professor Diana Chigas ABSTRACT This paper will attempt this difficult but important task with the humble understanding that ìthe full storyî is impossible to know and telló even for the very participants of the process. Nevertheless, in this investigation, the author will explore four main questions. The first three questions are: 1) did the OPP set the Israelis and Palestinians on a trajectory that ìdoomedî CD2 from the start?; 2) were there problems inherent to the process and structure of CD2 that led to its failure?; and, 3) how should future mediation attempts of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict be structured in order to meet with more success? The fourth question, however, requires further introduction. The forthcoming study of CD2 will be guided by a ìProvisional Framework (PF)î of seven criteria that I believe are necessary ingredients to successful peacemaking processes. I devised this framework after consulting existing literature and scholars in the field of mediation and negotiation in general, as well as after reviewing scholarly pieces focusing on the Israel-Palestinian peace process in particular. Thus, after using this framework to analyze CD2, conclusions will thus be drawn with regard to a fourth and final question: is this prioritized framework an accurate and/ or useful tool for understanding peacemaking processes? 2 TABLE-OF-CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.........................................
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...the Simplicity of Peace vs. Justice Paper by David Lanz The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy May 2007 The ICC in Northern Uganda David Lanz Introduction The creation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) via the entry into force of the Rome Statute on July 1st 2002 sparked enthusiasm. For M. Cherif Bassiouni, “The ICC combines humanistic values and policy considerations essential for the attainment of the goals of justice, redress and prevention as well as the need for the restoration of world order and world peace.”1 Ironically, five years after its creation, the Court has been accused of being an impediment to what it was created to promote: peace. With regards to Northern Uganda, Bassiouni remarks that the ICC indictments against five senior members of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), “was received negatively by some individuals involved in the Ugandan peace process,” who “have argued that it has undercut their efforts to advance peace initiatives.”2 The claim that the ICC’s intervention in Northern Uganda obstructs peace seems obvious. It is expressed in its simplicity by Father Carlos Rodriguez: “nobody can convince a rebel leader to come to the negotiating table and at the same time tell him that when the war ends he will be brought to trial.”3 This paper examines the criticism that the ICC obstructs peace in Northern Uganda. It aims to go beyond the simplistic framework of peace vs. justice, which suggests that the pursuit of peace requires abandoning...
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...Women, Development, and the UN From a contemporary vantage point, it seems extraordinary that there were just four women among the 160 signatories to the UN Charter at San Francisco in 1945. Two other women were present at the world body’s founding conference but were not signatories. However, this handful of women established a sound foundation for the UN by making sure that women’s issues were included. As Devaki Jain explains in her UNIHP volume, Women, Development, and the UN: A Sixty-Year Quest for Equality and Justice, “the simple act of inserting the word ‘women’ in the text made sure that the principle of equality between the sexes was part of the founding ideas of the organization” (2005, 12). Subsequently, the UN’s ideas, language, and activities have fundamentally altered the situation of women in country after country, especially through its promotion of human rights and the mobilizing influence of the four global women’s conferences held in Mexico, Copenhagen, Nairobi, and Beijing between 1975 and 1995. These raised awareness, spread ideas, built confidence, and created alliances that changed gender politics and policy worldwide. In turn, the conferences—and the women participating in them—also changed the structure and attitudes of the UN, providing the mandates for CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women), UNIFEM (the UN Development Fund for Women), and INSTRAW (the UN International Research and Training Institute for the...
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...TERRORISM AND GLOBALIZATION “Terrorism has rarely been absent from history, and over centuries has appeared in many guises”1. Referring to Walter Laqueur, no state or international system has been exempted from this form of non-state violence. However, the major shifts carried by globalization, that is to say the transformation from a state-centric world to a global system, seem to have perturbed the way violent non-state actors act, claim, interfere, and wage war in the new international system. If we follow the vision of Carpenter, we can talk about a “new world disorder”2 because of the multiplicity of new actors supported by international markets and transnational links. But, should we use the adjective “new” to describe nowadays’ terrorist organizations and attacks? Since 9/11 attacks, world seem to have toggled in major insecurity and fear of those modern organization that can act wherever and whenever they want at any place in the world. Undeniably, terrorists’ forms of violence have evolved by taking advantage of criminal organizations’ and illegal trades’ favourable trends. But this method, more than a political doctrine, represents a non-state use of violence or threat of violence to spread fear and bring political reform or revolution. Therefore, it should be reconsidered with the former violent actors and the disintegration of states. Moreover, the subject comprehension have to be reinforced in order - for great power or American superpower - to prevent those...
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...challenging situations. Just how Disney uses magic and imagination to capture its audience William Shakespeare also captured the hearts of people everywhere through the representation of emotions and feeling in his plays. Hamlet is without a question one of the most famous play in English literature. Through Hamlet Shakespeare shows a brilliant depiction of the hero’s struggle with two opposing forces, moral integrity, and the need to avenge his fathers murders. Both The Lion King and Hamlet are stories that share parallels and capture the human eye through what Joseph Campbell calls the hero’s journey. Hamlet, the play is very unpredictable. One cannot easily discern what will happen next due to the extreme mood swings of the main character, Prince...
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...The Palestinian Liberation Front NAME SCHOOL Author Note SCHOOL WITH ADDRESS Contact: EMAIL AbstractThe following paper is focused on critically disseminating the history of the Palestinian Liberation Front (PLF). From its beginning, to its leadership as from its past to its current state. Additionally in this paper, the movement’s use of tactics, techniques and procedures (TTP’S) as well as shining light on its main patrons active in its day to day activities will be analyzed. This comprehensive documentation will also define the circumstances surrounding the movement and how it touches on the PLF and how HUMINT will function in contrast to organization in question under these functioning factors: Political, Military, Economy, Social, Information, Infrastructure, Physical environment and Time. Moreover, this research sprouted from a number of online journals, websites and books published that express their standpoint and involvement based opinions on the PLF. At the very end of this paper you will have a clear comprehension into how the PLF was formed as a supplementary of the Palestinian Liberation Organization PLO, how it dictated and directed politics in their region and how HUMINT would respond in terms of operations to the effects of those underlying factors. The Palestinian Liberation FrontThe actuality of the Palestinian Liberation Front cannot be vehemently depicted in history without including the past activities of the Palestinian Liberation Organization...
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...especially: depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide. It also has a very harsh and realistic view on the opinions of mental health during this time period (and sometimes today). Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Smith are the two main protagonists, and both characters are the representatives for mental health in this text. Clarissa struggles with depression. As she has gotten older, she has found less and less meaning in what she does and has quite a few regrets. She regrets her seemingly loveless marriage and her missed opportunity for romance with a previous lover. She also has a lot of resentment for her daughter Elizabeth’s tutor Mrs. Kilman because of all the time that the two of them spend together. The only thing that gives her solace anymore is being able to throw parties for others in the town. Clarissa represents a very classical criticism of modern day moderate depression. She bottles up her emotions and doesn’t talk out her issues with her husband or Mrs. Kilman. She lets it simmer inside her and doesn’t let it out, and this is a trait a lot of people have today. For most people it’s easier to repress their feelings instead of making themselves vulnerable and open. However, we learn from Clarissa that she does want to talk about these feelings, she just doesn’t know where to begin. Sometimes the best way to express these feelings is to put yourself out there, no matter how scary it may seem. While Clarissa suffers from a more moderate depression; Septimus on...
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