Free Essay

Pediatric Calculation Technique

In:

Submitted By blivey
Words 458
Pages 2
Pediatric calculations

Accurate doses are especially important in giving medications to infants and children because even small errors can be dangerous due to their small body size.
Two methods are used to calculate pediatric dosages: According to the weight in kilograms (kg) According to the child's body surface area (BSA) Calculations based on body weight
1. The first step is to convert the child's body weight into kg. The formula is 2.2 lb. = 1 kg.
2. The second step is to calculate the medication dose. a. Calculate the daily dose b. Divide the daily dose by the number of doses to be administered. c. Use either the ratio-proportion or formula method to calculate the number of tablets/ capsules or volume to be administered with each dose.
Example: A child weighing 76 lbs. is ordered to receive 150 mg of Clindamycin q6h. The pediatric drug handbook states the recommended dose is 8-20 mg/kg/day in four divided doses. The Clindamycin is supplied in 100 mg scored tablets.
1. What is the weight in kg? 76 lbs÷2.2kg/lb. = 34.5 kg
2. What is the safe total daily dose? Minimum: 8 mg/kg/day X 34.5 kg = 276 mg/day Maximum: 20 mg/kg/day X 34.5 kg = 690 mg/day
3. Is this a safe dose?
150 mg/dose X 4 doses/day = 600 mg/day
Yes this is within the recommended safe range.
4. Calculate the number of tablets to give. 100 mg: 1 tablet = 150 mg: x (multiply means 100 x = 150 & extremes) x = 1.5 tablets Calculations based on Body Surface Area (BSA)
BSA is determined from a monogram using the child's height and weight.
When you know the child's BSA the dosage is determined by multiplying the BSA by the recommended dose.
To determine whether the dose is safe, compare the ordered dose and the calculation based upon the BSA.
The formula for calculating child's dosage is Child's BSA X adult dosage 1.7 M2
Example: The child has a BSA of 0.67 M2. The adult dose is 40 mg. The physician ordered 8 mg. Is the dosage correct? 0.67 X 40 = 26.8 = 15.8 mg No, the dose is 1.7 1.7 too small.
How to calculate amount of fluids IV to be administered to newborns and infants:

It is a 4, 2, and 1 per hour formula: 4 cc/kg for the first 10kg of body weight 2 cc/kg for the second 10kg of body weight 1cc/kg for every kilogram over the first 20 Example: The rate for a 25kg child is 4x10 =40 plus 2x10 =20 plus 1x5 =5, for an IVF rate of 65 cc/hr.

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Statistical Topics

...List of statistical topics 5 January 2015 Dear Dr. W, I have summarized below the types of statistical work I have learned about or performed myself in the past. I am very familiar with descriptive statistics and data handling through my training and work as a Monitoring and Evaluation officer and Program officer, and familiar with analytic techniques including multiple regression models. I am also familiar with research design concepts including random sampling, retrospective and prospective study designs, and clinical trial design. List of statistical topics: * Successful completion of Applied Mathematics course and Research Methodology course in the first and sixth semesters of the undergraduate study respectively (See Transcript attached) * Successful Completion of Monitoring & Evaluation Fundamentals course of Global Health eLearning Center in December 2011 (See Certificate attached) * Successful Completion of HIV Basic Biology, Epidemiology & Prevention course of Global Health eLearning Center in January 2015 (See Certificate attached) * Management of massive project database of all organization projects, including development of proficient high-level Excel-based tool and development of statistical report on organization performance to the donor (Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade - DFAT) which describes crucial indicators including retention rate of HIV/AIDS patients on Antiretrovirals Therapy and HIV/AIDS service quality...

Words: 477 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Eagan Family Practice

...The reciprocal method: This process uses an arrangement of simultaneous calculations to apportion overhead costs instantaneously in the midst of support and patient services departments. This technique is the most multifarious, but it is the utmost correct and it does the finest job of identifying intrasupport department services. Step-down: In this method all the direct costs of human resources are allocated to both the patient services department and the two other support departments. Hence, the step-down method recognizes some intrasupport department services; nonetheless, it does so in a reasonably simpleminded manner. Then the department is closed, and the process steps down to the support department that provides the next maximum amount of services to additional support departments. Double apportionment: The double apportionment method initially allocates each support department to the whole thing, including the other departments. Therefore, every maintenance department obtains an allocation from every support department. After the initial allocation, the step-down technique is used to allocate the costs that endure in the support departments after the leading apportionment, then for all support departments entails of direct costs and allocations from other support departments. 2. Base case conditions and Allocation Matrix: Patient Services Departments Adult Medicine Obstetrics Pediatrics Total Support Services Departments Administration...

Words: 6416 - Pages: 26

Premium Essay

Vark

...The VARK Questionnaire Eric Garcia Grand Canyon University NRS-429V Family Centered Health Promotion February 21, 2013 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this analysis is to review and summarize preferred learning styles that are preferred to learning new strategies and styles. The purpose of this paper is to identify the many different learning styles noted in the “VARK Questionnaire” developed by Neil D. Fleming a teacher from New Zealand. Topics outlined in subsequent paragraphs will delineate the different learning styles and study strategies regarding: aural, multimodal, read/write, and kinesthetic learning strategies. Identification of learning preference through the corresponding link and this analysis will be discussed in comparison to the other learning strategies. Method Personal Learning Report After addressing questions to the VARK report it was noted that one is noted to be one in the majority, as 60% of any population fits the category of Multimodal. What this means is that one may have two or three strong preferences of aural, visual, read/write, and kinesthetic. Various preferences give you choices of two or three styles to use for your learning and interaction with others. It’s often necessary for individuals to use more than one strategy for learning and communicating. The feeling of insecurity is often noted with one strategy, that’s why multimodal individuals tend to utilize the other strategies to incorporate into their learning and communicating...

Words: 1162 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Distal Shoe N Its Performance

...Clinical Section The distal shoe space maintainer: chairside fabrication and clinical performance Warren A. Brill, DMD, MS(HYG) Dr. Brill is in private practice and a clinical associate professor of pediatric dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md. Correspond with Dr. Brill at wbrill@erols.com Abstract The chairside-fabricated distal shoe appliance, with a stainless steel crown as the retainer, is an efficacious and cost-effective appliance for guiding the unerupted permanent first molar into position after premature loss or extraction of the second primary molar. The fabrication technique is illustrated in this case report and data is presented on the success rate of the appliance. (Pediatr Dent. 2002;24:561-565) KEYWORDS: DISTAL SHOE, SPACE MAINTAINER, SPACE MANAGEMENT Received February 26, 2002 he distal shoe space maintainer, as introduced by Gerber1 and extended by Croll,2,3 is a valuable part of the pediatric dentist’s armamentarium, because in those cases where the second primary molar is lost prematurely, it helps guide the first permanent molar into place. In 1973, Hicks outlined in detail the indications and contraindications for the distal shoe appliance, as well as the diagnostic and systemic considerations.4 The indications and contraindications as outlined by Hicks are listed in Table 1. Hicks preferred fabrication of a cast gold appliance, although appliances with attachments soldered to stainless steel...

Words: 2462 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Phlebotomy/Patient Intake Representative Case Study

...To obtain a position as a phlebotomy/patient intake representative, with 24years of combined experience as a highly committed individual who works well independently or as a team member. Dedicated to customer satisfaction and able to work well under pressure, an adaptable and quick learner seeking a position that offers challenging opportunities while using my knowledge and skills to further professional growth. Awarded 3 labor medals for hard word and long term serving worker. EMPOLYMENT HISTORY Patient service technician PST/patient intake representative, phlebotomist Protestant hospital ngaoundere Cameroon. Responsibilities   Obtained patient collection and specimen for processing, shipping, and packing.  Performed occupational drug testing...

Words: 296 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Breastfeeding Proposal Essay

...Proposal Essay Western Governors University Breastfeeding: A Declining Choice. A Realistic Solution Breastfeeding is endorsed by many different agencies worldwide. Some of those agencies include: The American Academy of Pediatrics, American Family of Pediatrics, and the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. All of these agencies agree that breastfeeding should be done for the first twelve months of life. Mothers and babies build unspeakable bonds during breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is one of the most natural things a mother can do, yet it is becoming a declining choice among mothers when it comes to feeding their newborn. When a mother chooses to use formula over breast milk, both she and the baby loose out in many ways, two of the most important being critical nutrition and bonding time. Parents spend what could be considered small fortunes on formula when they could be feeding the babies for free by choosing the breast. A way to address the problem of the decline in mother’s breastfeeding is to provide more education, and to provide more support while beginning to change the public’s opinion on mom’s breastfeeding in public. Typical education on breastfeeding usually comes from two sources. One of those sources is prenatal classes that parents take while they are still pregnant. Breastfeeding is talked about but not in an in-depth or continual way. An example of a typical prenatal class is a four week course. The breastfeeding portion is...

Words: 1725 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Profit Planning: Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis

...Chapter 9 Profit Planning: Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Cases |9-1 |Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis and Strategy | |9-2 |Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis and Cost Estimation | |9-3 |Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis and Strategy | |9-4 |Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis and Strategy: The ALLTEL Pavilion | |9-5 |Sensitivity Analysis; Regression Analysis | |9-6 |Profit Planning: Choice of Cost Structure | |9-7 |Pancake World | Readings 9-1: “Tools for Dealing with Uncertainty” by David R. Fordham, CMA, CPA, Ph.D and S. Brooks Marshall, CFA. DBA This article explains how to use simulation methods within a spreadsheet program such as Excel to perform sensitivity analysis for a given decision context. The available spreadsheet simulation software systems include the programs Crystal Ball and @Risk, among others. These software systems allow the user to analyze the effect of uncertainty on the potential outcomes of a decision. These tools can be applied directly to CVP analysis. The tools allow...

Words: 9115 - Pages: 37

Premium Essay

Cost Analysis 1

...Chapter 9 Profit Planning: Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Cases |9-1 |Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis and Strategy | |9-2 |Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis and Cost Estimation | |9-3 |Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis and Strategy | |9-4 |Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis and Strategy: The ALLTEL Pavilion | |9-5 |Sensitivity Analysis; Regression Analysis | |9-6 |Profit Planning: Choice of Cost Structure | |9-7 |Pancake World | Readings 9-1: “Tools for Dealing with Uncertainty” by David R. Fordham, CMA, CPA, Ph.D and S. Brooks Marshall, CFA. DBA This article explains how to use simulation methods within a spreadsheet program such as Excel to perform sensitivity analysis for a given decision context. The available spreadsheet simulation software systems include the programs Crystal Ball and @Risk, among others. These software systems allow the user to analyze the effect of uncertainty on the potential outcomes of a decision. These tools can be applied directly to CVP analysis...

Words: 9076 - Pages: 37

Premium Essay

How Nurses Use Math

...in a variety of ways throughout the average day. Nurses must obtain reliable data and calculations to prevent, diagnose and treat medical problems. A clear understanding of fractions, ratios and algebraic equations and the metric system is essential to keeping patients healthy and alive. Vital signs -- temperature, pulse rate, breathing rate and blood pressure -- serve as our bodies’ dashboard indicators. Nurses must use math when they check a person’s vital signs. One important vital sign is body temperature. The normal body temperature for a person is about 98.6 degrees. A high temperature tells a nurse that a person has a fever. When you have a fever, it often means that your body is fighting some sort of infection or illness. One of nurse’s most important jobs is to make sure to give the right doses of medication to the right patient. The nurse reads a patients chart, which contains the doctor’s orders, including what kind of medicine to give and how much to give. A nurse must make sure to read the name of the medication correctly as well as the strength of the medicine the doctor has ordered. This is important particularly if the conditions for determining the dose depend on the patient's weight, blood pressure or glucose level. Medication strengths can be measured in metric units, such as grams, milligrams, liters, and milliliters. Some nurses use math while caring for pediatrics. Most newborn babies are healthy, but some may not be. The neonatal nurses give special...

Words: 958 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Diabetes

...blood test. The tests come back positive for type 1 diabetes. Amanda's blood sugars are in the 700 range. Standard range is under 120. What does that mean? Will she be okay? I am devastated. My husband is out of town; I am left to handle this on my own. Panic mode sets in. Afterward, we are immediately sent to the hospital to start treatment and the learning process. The emergency room is very full, busy and noisy. There are doctors and nurses everywhere. They put Amanda in a cubicle-like room with a portable bed and close the curtain. Amanda does not understand; all she wants to do is go home and go trick-or-treating. In walks a very tall, thin gentleman with a stethascope around his neck. He introduces himself as a pediatric endocrinologist who explaines to me what diabetes is and how we will treat it. All this information is very overwhelming for me. After waiting hours in the emergency room, the hospital finally has a room for Amanda. We are transferred upstairs. The nurses get Amanda settled in her room for the night. I lay on a couch...

Words: 1133 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Medication Error

...From Medscape Nurses Medication Error Prevention for Healthcare Providers Faculty and Disclosures CE Information There are between 44,000 and 98,000 individuals who die every year in hospitals due to preventable medical errors.[1] It has also been reported that this is only part of the problem, as thousands of other patients are adversely affected by medical errors or barely avoid injuries that are nonfatal.[2] These medical errors not only cost the loss of lives, but carry a financial burden that is estimated to be in a range of $17 billion to $29 billion annually. Additionally, there is physical and psychological pain and suffering related to these errors.[1] Another consequence is that medical errors diminish trust and satisfaction in the healthcare system and in healthcare professionals.[1] Ginette A. Pepper, PhD, RN, FAAN, a Professor and Helen Lowe Bamberger Colby Presidential Endowed Chair and Associate Dean for Research, University of Utah College of Nursing, Salt Lake City, spoke on medication safety for the geriatric nurse practitioner (GNP).[3] Dr. Pepper was trained as a pharmacologist with a nursing focus. She was one of the first NPs to add "geriatric" to her title as well as one of the first NPs to have prescriptive authority. Safety Principles and the Medication Use Process Dr. Pepper noted that safety issues are of the utmost importance for all healthcare providers.[3] Nursing as a profession has a long history of regarding patient safety as a primary...

Words: 4864 - Pages: 20

Premium Essay

Mobile Technology in Monitoring Patient Vital Signs

...Oluwadamilola O. Adeyemi Dr. Msthali CIS 500 November 16, 2012 In comparing and contrasting using mobile technology to the ageless standard of in patient visits and all the procedures handled within the office or hospital setting, vital signs have been measured frequently to access the condition of a patient. Since the days of Florence Nightingale who is the mother of nursing, the standard in health care has been that taking the patients vital signs has always been a hands on in person experience. This at many times has caused days of agony and drudgery as you would deal with the discomfort of having to sit for hours upon hours in an office field with coughing, sneezing, hacking, wheezing and nauseous individuals. Each visit leaves you feeling that at any time, you may leave this office visit in a worst condition than when you came in. The assessment and monitoring of patient vital signs has typically been looked upon as one of the most routine aspects of nursing care. Monitoring patient vital signs became so mundane that usually the responsibility of taking the vital signs, even though ordered by a physician would end up being handled by a lowly Patient Care Technician. While in the hospital, vital signs are monitored on a scheduled basis. This is only interrupted if there is a change in the patient’s condition, the worse the change, the greater the increase in scheduled vital sign monitoring. However, this can also be affected by nursing judgments which...

Words: 1930 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Activate Your Network

...Cryopreservation Methods During the 1nd Semester 2012-2013 A Research Paper Presented to Mr. Luis Gallardo Mago In partial fulfillment Of the requirements in Nat. Sci. Subject By: Table of contents Abstract Materials and methods Results Discussion References Figures Tables Abstract Cryobiology of Rat Embryos I: Determination of Zygote Membrane Permeability Coefficients for Water and Cryoprotectants, Their Activation Energies, and the Development of Improved Cryopreservation Methods. Reinhold T. Pfaffa,b, Yuksel Agcaa,b, Jun Liua, Erik J. Woodsa, Augustine T. Peterb and John K. Critser2,,a,b a Cryobiology Research Institute, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, b School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 New rat models are being developed at an exponential rate, making improved methods to cryopreserve rat embryos extremely important. However, cryopreservation of rat embryos has proven to be difficult and expensive. In this study, a series of experiments was performed to characterize the fundamental cryobiology of rat fertilized 1-cell embryos (zygotes) and to investigate the effects of different cryoprotective agents (CPAs) and two different plunging temperatures (Tp) on post-thaw survival of embryos from three genetic backgrounds...

Words: 7434 - Pages: 30

Premium Essay

Mercan

...Midterm Case Analysis — Document Transcript 1. Paige Rudolph MKT 463 Midterm April 30, 2003 Augustine Medical, Inc. Case Analysis Company Background  In July 1987, Dr. Scott Augustine, an anesthesiologist, founded Augustine Medical, Inc. (AM) in Minnesota. Their goal was to develop and market products for hospital operating rooms and postoperative recovery rooms.  Through experience, he discovered that hospitals needed an innovative approach to warming post-surgery patients. Dr. Augustine developed the Bair Hugger® Patient Warming System.  Company executives were occupied with finalizing the Bair Hugger® Patient Warming System in early 1988.  Original two products: (1) produce and sell patented warming system used to treat hypothermia and postoperative patents, (2) tracheal intubation guide for crisis situations and in the surgical room. Core Competencies  Providing the most innovative and safe way to warm postoperative patients and those with hypothermia. Augustine Medical, Inc.’s products are also more effective, less likely to leak water onto expensive equipment, and easier to operate than other competitors methods of hearing patients. The Hospital Market  Approximately 21 million surgical operations are performed annually in the US.  That’s 84,000 operations per average 8-hour workday.  Approximately 5,500 hospitals have operating rooms and postoperative recovery rooms.  Research commissioned by AM indicated that there are 31,365 postoperative recovery beds and...

Words: 3567 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

Asperger's Syndrome

...as a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Autism Spectrum Disorder affects information processing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize, however, how this occurs is not well understood. Autistic Disorder is only one of four recognized disorders in the autism spectrum. The others included in the spectrum are Asperger Syndrome(AS), Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Rett Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), which is diagnosed when the full set of criteria for Autistic Disorder or Asperger Syndrome are not met. In an article from the American Academy of Pediatrics (2011), over the last twelve years, prevalence of developmental disabilities has increased 17.1% which equals about 1.8 million more children in 2006 through 2008 as compared to a decade earlier. Additionally, prevalence of Autism increased 289.5% while the prevalence of ADHD increased 33.0%. With this increase, more research and studies are being done to learn more about a disorder that is relatively recent. Specifically, the focus of this paper is on Asperger Syndrome, which is defined as a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and motor coordination, and unusual or restricted patterns of interest or behavior. Clinically, the distinction between Autistic Disorder and Asperger Syndrome is often...

Words: 3207 - Pages: 13