...Registration #: 100013 School: Calabar High School Territory: Jamaica Teacher: Date: February 2013 STATEMENT OF AIMS The aim of this research is to investigate the origin and development of orthodox Judaism knowing the reason why they were formed and how they differ from the other sets of jews. Methodology Information will be collected via internet and booklets that was given by the teacher of the subject. Statement of findings Origin and development of the orthodox Jews The actual term “Orthodox” is derived from Christian theology and was, at first. A term of reproach hurled against the traditionalist by the early reformers at the beginning of the nineteenth century, to imply that those who fail to respond to the modernist challenge were high bound. However the term was used by the traditionalist themselves as a convenient short hand for the attitude of complete loyalty to the Jewish past, although some traditionalist prefer the term “Torah true” to describe their Jewish positions. In any event orthodoxy came to mean faithfulness to the practices of Judaism to the Halakhah (Jewish law) in its traditional formulation. Orthodox Judaism rejects the notion introduced by reform that, in the light of modern thought and life in western society, Judaism required to be reformed, Granted that the Torah is a divine origin, as the orthodox affirm, to attempt to reform is to imply that god can change his mind, to put it somewhat crudely. Orthodoxy also takes issue...
Words: 436 - Pages: 2
...Esther: Passive Coward or Wise Leader? The Persian name Esther means “star”. Throughout the book of Esther, we see several “star” qualities that reflect the strength and courage of the main character. At the beginning of the book, Esther seems to be a passive, compliant girl, however, as we see throughout the text, she moves from being an object, to a leader, and ultimately, savior of the Jewish people. The name and story of Esther evoke countless thoughts of beauty, strength, character, and courage, which bring her to a leadership role. Although the word “God” is not used a single time throughout this story, God’s hand is clearly over Esther, Mordecai, and the Jews. The story of Esther is set in the Persian Empire, and primarily occurs in Susa, the winter capital of the Persian Court. Esther’s story takes place between 486 and 465 BCE, during the reign of king Ahasuerus, or Xerxes. Prior to the entrance of Esther, King Xerxes had been planning to invade Greece and was having a six month long banquet with his princes and nobles to strategize. Not only was he working on a plan for invasion, he was also demonstrating the fact that he possessed the resources and wealth to wage war (George 13). At the end of this six month period, Xerxes held a seven day long feast. On the seventh and final day, King Xerxes summoned Queen Vashti to appear in her crown, and only her crown, for the people and nobles to witness her beauty. Queen Vashti refused. Xerxes viewed Queen Vashti’s...
Words: 2517 - Pages: 11
...Exodus Narrative- Israel experiences tyrannical slavery in Egypt. By royal decree the Israelites are made to slave under tyranny death at the time of birth is decreed for all their male offspring. Mosses he was adopted by Pharaoh’s daughter and so is spared from death, but he is taught by his own mother. Moses is commissioned at burning bush as deliverer to speak and act in the name of jahve. He returns to Egypt with Aaron, he appears before Pharaoh, telling him that jahve has said to send Israel away to worship him in the wilderness. Pharaoh refuses and increases oppression. Jahve renews promise to deliver Israel and to give them the land of Canan, thus deepening their appreciation for his name jahve. Using a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night, jahve leads Israel out of Egypt; he opens the Red Sea to permit them to cross over on dry land, and then drowns pharaoh and his army when they try to cross the seabed in pursuit. Deuteronomy Law- The Israelites is commanded to remember four things: God’s faithfulness, God’s holiness, God’s blessings, and God’s warnings. The first three chapters recap the trip from Egypt to their current location, Moab. Chapter 4 is a call to obedience, to be faithful to the god who was faithful to them. Chapters 5 through 26 are a repetition of the law. The Ten Commandments, the laws concerning sacrifices and specials days, and the rest of the law are given to the new generation. Blessings are promised to those who obey and famine...
Words: 613 - Pages: 3
...We’re not Jews Made by Tobias Jensen Racism is of of the biggest problems in the world today. People all over the world are being persecuted because of their skin, their religion, their beliefs etc. This problem is often when immigrants comes to a new country. All the sudden the residents have different beliefs and values and they have to live side by side. So that often results in discrimination and suppression of the minority, which in most cases are the immigrants. This type of scenario is portrayed in the short story “we’re not Jews”. which takes place in England during the late 50’s. In this story, we meet the main character Azhar, his family and his surroundings in the 1950’s England. World war 2 has ended not long ago, and England is recovering from their losses, commonwealth is on the brink of being resolved, and like Azhar's father, many people from the former English colonies have immigrated. The englishmen still have mentality of “white superiority”, and therefore finding word and leading a live of success becomes very hard for immigrants like Azhar and his family Aszar is a very hard working student and the one of the best in his class. He feel a lot of pressure coming from his mother. there is no time for fun and play. She is pressuring him because she wants that he can have good opportunities in life, and to break the social heritage. Azhar is expected to be a grown up, he isn’t allowed to to behave and act like a child. Azhar is being bullied in school...
Words: 613 - Pages: 3
...Microcultures in Canada A Comparative Approach Introduction Every society contains both a mainstream culture and many different subcultures. The mainstream culture is how one is identified as. However, microcultures consist of how we identify ourselves within the global mainstream culture. There are multitudes of ways to participate in a microculture. It could be along ethnic, religious lines, or even lifestyle. All these factors come into play with regards to the different aspects of microcultures. This paper will delve into all three types of microcultures; it will look at Vietnamese, Jewish, and Vegan cultures and compare them to mainstream Canadian culture. The subsequent comparative analysis aims at finding differences in an attempt to better understand and communicate more effectively, by clarifying the common misunderstandings that arise when communicating with different microcultures, whether in business or everyday life. Vietnamese Background/History/Evolution Representing one of the largest non-European sub-cultures in Canada, the Vietnamese community ranks 5th in terms of size and comprises just over 150,000 individuals. Concentrated in metropolitan areas, close to 60% of the population resides in Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver or Calgary (Statistics Canada see Appendix B). Despite currently being a sizable group, this sub-culture was virtually non-existent prior to the Vietnamese war that took place between 1964 and 1975. It wasn't until the conflict arose...
Words: 7095 - Pages: 29
...Temple Sherith Israel is a world-class sample of religious architecture. Its designer was Albert Pissis, a Mexican-born French-Catholic who studied at the prestigious L’Ecole des Beau-Arts in Paris, France. When Pissis returned to San Francisco, he brought with him a neo-classical style that combined renaissance-revival with post-impressionist views. He began introducing his style starting with the Hibernia Bank building in 1892 and continued to incorporate it throughout his works. In creating the Temple for the congregation, Pissis attempted to produce something that would serve its members for generations, as well as incorporate visual design elements that were aesthetically pleasing. The result was a creation that stands more than 120 feet tall, features a dome with an external diameter of 60 feet, and contains more than 20,000 square feet of usable space. The congregation’s practical needs were also kept in mind—the Temple sits more than 1,400 members. The structure also contains 121 glass windows, 89 of which are ornamentally leaded and of which 32 are arched. While the Temple Sherith Israel was the only synagogue Pissis has designed, he has achieved the difficult task of combining form and function into this great building. The building’s only flaw is that it included unreinforced masonry, which following the San Francisco earthquake of 1989, was deemed by the city as in need of a retrofit. To Pissis’ credit, this would have been extremely difficult to predict almost...
Words: 411 - Pages: 2
...* How does your selected religious group differ from other religious groups (such as in their beliefs, worship practices, or values)? My selected religion is Judaism; Judaism is a religion that is based on the Old Testament, that the Jews call the Torah. Judaism is based on the belief of God. The Jews do not believe that Jesus Christ is the Messiah and are still waiting on his coming. According to Kriger (2010) According to the American Jewish Identity Survey of 2001 (Mayer, Kosmin, & Keysar, 2003), nearly 5.3 million people in the United States are Jewish (as measured by self-identification or by heritage). Jews are often referred to as one group; however, as with other ethnic groups, the Jewish people are diverse. Modern Jews have a shared history and common ancestry, leading back to the time of the Hebrew Bible, but they have since spread throughout the world. The countries in which Jews have lived have influenced their culture. For instance, Indian Jews have incorporated the caste systems into their daily lives, whereas Chinese Jews have incorporated Confucian ideas into their practices (Langman,1999) Sephardi Jews (families of Spanish descent) have integrated Spanish culture into their foods and have created a Hebrew-Spanish hybrid language known as Ladino (Langman, 1999). The Ashkenazi Jews account for nearly 80% of the worlds Jews and represent the majority of Jewish identity in the United States (Elazae,!992; Langman, 1999) and are those whose ancestors lived...
Words: 1953 - Pages: 8
...Tishrei symbolizes God is judging everyone and the world. The letters of Tishrei in Hebrew spells the word beginning. The month of Tishrei is the month that felt like the beginning of a new year to many Jews. In the Bible, Tishrei is the month of the strong. In the Jewish calendar, there are many holidays in the month of Tishrei than any other month, such as Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah, and Sukkot. All the holidays are holy and important to the Jewish religion. In this paper, the Jewish holy day, Sukkot will be described, and include the time of year, the historical origin, the associated religious practices, and Theological or cultural differences that might lead to differences in the observance of the holy day by the various branches of Judaism Sukkot In the month of Tishrei, Sukkot is the harvest holiday. Sukkot is on the 15th day of Tishrei, which is five days after Yom Kippur. The Israelis celebrated Sukkot for seven days however; the Jews outside of Israel celebrated for eight days. Sukkot is a Hebrew word meaning, huts, or booths. On this day the Jewish would give thanks for the fall harvest. Sukkot also refers to the 40 years the Jewish wandered in the desert after Sinai. Sukkot reminds the Jews how God provided and protected them in the wilderness. According to history, Sukkot...
Words: 848 - Pages: 4
...Wost 280 – Women Studies Professor Beth Rudnick Lenda J. Wilson January 19, 2010 The Woman Lililth Beware for the small male child. Lilith flies around at night seeking his life by kidnap or strangulation. She refuses male leadership and weakens them by seducing them at night as they lie in dream state. Lilith is she an image of truth, fiction, legend or just a lie? The bible scripture holds firm that she is nothing more than a Jewish myth. In contrast while Eve was taken from Adam side, Lilith is believed to be taken from the dirt right beside him. The Christian faith supports the belief presented in the book of Genesis concerning Adam and Eve. Eve was Adam’s first and only wife. Research of the Jewish commentary relates Lilith to Adam as his first wife who was band from Eden, not because of marital problems, but for her blatant disrespect to Gad, himself. This has always been taboo in the Jewish culture. She became the wife of Satan and was responsible for male genocide. Well we had to blame someone. Eve is quite the opposite of Lilith. Adam boasts in the book of Genesis that “she is bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh”. Her perfection is hard for any woman to live up to, because women’s tragic behavior was always resulted in immediate condemnation. We believe what we want to believe according to our culture. However, the Christian faith would not give way to any suggestion that theologians missed significant details of the life of...
Words: 263 - Pages: 2
...“Loyalty of the Ancient Jews” 17 February 2010 It is interesting how many of the values of the Jews can be seen from the earliest of their documents, and through these writings we can see how they attempted to remain steadfast to their morals and beliefs. As I read the excerpts of ancient writings in our Encounters in World History book, what seemed to stand out most to me about the Jewish values, was the concept of unwavering commitment to the ways of Yahweh. I’m not saying that the Jewish people were always successful in this endeavor, but it appears that the endeavor itself never changed. There was always a deep sense in their historical writings that committing to the ways of their creator was not only the correct, but the most absolute valuable thing they could do with their existence. We can trace this theme of commitment from Yahweh back to the creation story of the Jews which is found in the book of Genesis. After Yahweh created man he commanded to Adam that “You may freely eat of every tree of the garden; but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall die” (49). This appears to be the first instruction that man ever received from the Creator. As the story goes, Adam and Eve both ate from the tree exposing them to the knowledge of good and evil. Yahweh went on to say “Because you have listened to the voice of your wife, and have eaten of the tree of which I commanded you, ‘You shall not eat of it...
Words: 916 - Pages: 4
...Jewish Traditions and Customs There are several traditions and customs that are practiced in Judaism that are not found in Christianity. I have only read about a few of them. Jewish boys are circumcised on the eighth day of their life. It commemorates the moment where Abraham was given the command to circumcise both himself and his son Ishmael. A mohel performs the operation. A prayer is said in hopes that he the child will commit himself to the Torah, to marriage, and to good deeds. The Jewish faith puts a great value on the Sabbath day. Their Sabbath begins on Friday night. It celebrates Gods relaxation after he was finished building the universe. They light candles, reciting the sanctification, benedictions over bread and wine in their homes. It is a day that they are allowed to abstain from work and spend time studying the Torah, their holy book. The Sabbath ends by Havdalah, when the candle is dipped in wine and spices to symbolize beauty. The Jewish religion has strict restrictions on diet. Everything must be kosher. All animals have certain restrictions. Meat and dairy can not be eaten together. Utensils that are used on non kosher food may not be used with kosher food, if so the food is contaminated. The Torah doesn’t give specific rules for kashrut. When a Jewish person dies, they have a multistage mourning practice. For the first week, the loved ones of the deceased sit at home and are comforted by friends and family. The second...
Words: 397 - Pages: 2
...accepted practice to integrate ones faith, governing oneself, in accordance with religious tradition and ritual. However, at the turn of the Renaissance, a result of the integration of cultures and societies, the questioning of faith and religion materialized and division of the faith transpired. After the Renaissance, Judaism experienced a shift from a single religious entity to multiple movements. This divide in religious concept produced the traditional and modern Judaic principles. According to Molloy (2010) the traditional Judaic principle was expressed in Talmudic scholarship and Hasidism (“devotion,” “piety”). The liberal direction of Judaism, referred to as the Reform, made worship more accessible, especially to societies in Germany and France. During the Reform movement, translated versions of traditional Hebrew prayers were written in German. Although the Reform movement contributed to the growth of Judaism, it faced opposition from followers of the traditional faith, whose mission was to preserve the beliefs and practices of Hasidism. Additionally, in an effort to maintain many of the beliefs and traditions of traditional Judaism, Conservative Judaism combined elements of both the modern and traditional...
Words: 253 - Pages: 2
...Religion: Good or Bad Rev. 2 Leonardo Faye Instructor: Allison Keating –Jones English 090 6/9/2012 It is a belief that religion is a good thing for people to be involved with. Religion is intimately attached to people’s existence and because of that many bad things have happened. Religion had been used in the past as an instrument to create instability between people, cities and countries. So, my question to you is it, Do you think that people is good enough to be involved in religion? Although religion has been around since the human race put a foot on this mistreated planet, most of the complications began when people started to socialize. In the beginning, mankind used religion to worship what they could not understand, the Sun, the Moon, Stars and Comets between other things. However, time passed and men gained knowledge and started to understand how the universe works. So the Sun was not a good idol anymore, but they still had things that they did not understand. For example, where people come from? Why are people here? Is all this coincidence? Was it just the result of a random chemical accident? People needed an answer, and their discovered God. God was good because He was something that nobody could see or hear or talk to. He was out there somewhere. Some people asked Him for protection or wisdom when in need. They had a source of relief in Him, life was tough and He provided hope. And hope was a good thing. But, the problem was that there was more...
Words: 673 - Pages: 3
...Coming of age is a young person’s transition from childhood to adulthood. Throughout the novel we are able to see the many life changing events that bring Esther’s character through this realization period in her life. Esther is faced with many moments where she has to stop and choose option A or option B whatever option she decides to pick her result will either help her or make matters worse. This is where we are able to see how Esther’s character develops throughout the novel. Whether it be drinking the water out of her finger bowl or choosing who to befriend, Betsy or Daisy, Esther is faced with many challenging decisions that will make or break her in the long run. Throughout the novel we see how Esther’s wardrobe changes with every event that occurs in her life. It is clear that the clothes Esther buys for her trip to New York is just a prop that she uses to portray the role she’s playing. We are able to see how Esther has regret from this new lifestyle she has taken up when she says, “all I could think about was the Rosenberg’s and how stupid I’d been to buy all those uncomfortable, expensive clothes, hanging limp as a fish in my closet, and how all the success I totted up at college fizzled to nothing”(2). This point where she chooses to trade in her books for her new expensive clothes is one of the first coming of age moments for Esther where she chooses to be in the “cool crowd”. Another moment in Esther’s life that exemplifies coming of age is when she decides...
Words: 627 - Pages: 3
...Comparative Religion February 28, 2012 One Man Really Makes a Difference: A Look at Judaism and Christianity Judaism and Christianity have very different views as far as their religions are concerned. Perhaps the strangest thing about that is that they have the same history. It is true that they both claim Abraham as the father of their religion, but it is much more involved than that. Not only do they share Abraham, but they also share Holy Scriptures. The Jewish Torah is comprised of the same first five books that make up the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. Essentially the history of Judaism and Christianity is exactly the same up to a certain point in history. Even though the Jewish people do not use the entire Christian Old Testament as their Holy Scriptures, neither do they discount any of the scriptures not included in The Torah. Where the two religions reach a drastic split in beliefs starts in the Christian New Testament and the story of Jesus Christ. In the book of Isaiah in the Old Testament there are hundreds of prophecies stating that there will be a Christ that will come and save all of Yahweh’s chosen people. The Christians believe Jesus was that savior and thus named him Jesus Christ. The Jews however believe that their savior is yet to come and they keep a watchful eye for his coming. With so many thousands of years of sharing the same history, and to now see the complete difference between the two religions, this is just evidence to the case that...
Words: 896 - Pages: 4
