...educational technology application: the CriterionSM Online Essay Evaluation Service, a web-based system that provides automated scoring and evaluation of student essays. Criterion has two complementary applications: E-rater®, an automated essay scoring system and Critique Writing Analysis Tools, a suite of programs that detect errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics, that identify discourse elements in the essay, and that recognize elements of undesirable style. These evaluation capabilities provide students with feedback that is specific to their writing in order to help them improve their writing skills. Both applications employ natural language processing and machine learning techniques. All of these capabilities outperform baseline algorithms, and some of the tools agree with human judges as often as two judges agree with each other. 2. Application Description Criterion contains two complementary applications that are based on natural language processing (NLP) methods. The scoring application, e-rater®, extracts linguisticallybased features from an essay and uses a statistical model of how these features are related to overall writing quality to assign a holistic score to the essay. The second application, Critique, is comprised of a suite of programs that evaluate and provide feedback for errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics, identify the essay’s discourse structure, and recognize...
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...1. Discuss the role of accounting and accounting information with regard to control and performance evolution of modern organizations. In you discussion you should consider the positive impact and limitations of accounting and accounting information on MCS. The use of accounting information had been started from the traditional cost accounting developments and has undergone many revolutionary attributes such as ROI measure, capital budgeting, agency theory and transaction cost economics. The primary objective of for–profit organizations is to maximize shareholder value. Thus, the results control idea would be to reward each individual employee for doing what s/he does to increase firm value. However, direct measurements of the individual’s contributions to value creation are rarely possible. Therefore, firms have to look for control alternatives. Most firms base their higher managerial level results controls on accounting measures of performance. That is accounting profits and returns and their components. Short-term accounting profit and return measures provide imperfect, surrogate indicators of changes in firm value. Management myopia is an almost inevitable side-effect of the use of financial results control system built on accounting measures of performance. Management myopia can be avoided at top management levels by holding these managers accountable for increasing market valuations. When markets are informed and efficient...
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...method of pricing assets of capital nature. This model applies Beta (non-diversifiable risk) to link risks and returns of investments. According to Stahl (2016), Beta is a standard for measuring the systematic risk or the non-diversifiable risk. The uncertainty in the economy of a particular country causes the systematic risk. Systematic risk is that risk sharing or risk diversification cannot reduce. Economic downturns, war, natural calamities and a change of government policy are some of the activities that cause systematic risk. Both CAPM and Beta are measures of risk (Anon 2014). The capital assets pricing model defines the required rate of return of security. CAPM can be a mathematical equation, or a graphical representation is known as the security market line (SML) (Stahl 2015). An analysis of CAPM indicates that there are several critiques of this model. Nevertheless, there are multivariate models used to overcome these critiques. A).Formulas to Calculate CAPM and Beta 1). Capital Assets Pricing Model CAPM= [pic]= [pic]+ [pic] (RM-RF) Where; [pic] is the cutoff rate or even minimum required rate of return RM- RF is the risk premium and is above free rate RM is the market returns [pic] is the risk-free rate of returns [pic] is the beta of asset j Illustration Assuming that [pic]= 1.2, RM= 12% and [pic]= 4%. Use the CAPM to calculate the required rate of return. Solution CAPM= [pic]= [pic]+ [pic] (RM-RF) [pic]= 4+1.2 (12-4) [pic]= 4+ (1.2 x 8) [pic]=...
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...Triple Bottom Line (TBL) accounting. Many corporations adopt and follow the novel term, along with the public increasing public concern of social and environmental performances. The research pays attention to the arguments for and against the TBL accounting in corporate accounting reporting. Many companies concur with the significance of concept to reinforce their business, yet others hold the view that TBL is accompanied by diverse debates. The findings of this review show that TBL accounting: • Refers to a good tool of the measurement of accountability and transparency • Provides a beneficial opportunity to obtain the value of a corporate name and the market share in completion • Contributes to the reduction of production cost and the conservation of environment through making use of resources efficiently • Improves corporate management and employee productivity due to the measurement of accountability and transparency • Impacts on a core competency of business and a social situation • Adjusts a methodology to measure social and environmental performances TBL accounting with economic, social, environmental activities has been some negative thus far. However, the arguments against TBL accounting, which are related to core competency, poor societies and measure standard, are still doubtful and cannot address a strong persuasive in opposition to its efficiency. A Table of Contents Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
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...European Journal of Marketing 30,1 8 Received October 1994 Revised April 1995 SERVQUAL: review, critique, research agenda Francis Buttle Manchester Business School, Manchester, UK SERVQUAL: a primer SERVQUAL provides a technology for measuring and managing service quality (SQ). Since 1985, when the technology was first published, its innovators Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry, have further developed, promulgated and promoted the technology through a series of publications (Parasuraman et al., 1985; 1986; 1988; 1990; 1991a; 1991b; 1993; 1994; Zeithaml et al., 1990; 1991; 1992; 1993). The ABI/Inform database “Global edition”, (September 1994) reports that service quality has been a keyword in some 1,447 articles published in the period January 1992 to April 1994. By contrast SERVQUAL has been a keyword in just 41 publications. These publications incorporate both theoretical discussions and applications of SERVQUAL in a variety of industrial, commercial and not-for-profit settings. Published studies include tyre retailing (Carman, 1990) dental services (Carman, 1990), hotels (Saleh and Ryan, 1992) travel and tourism (Fick and Ritchie, 1991), car servicing (Bouman and van der Wiele, 1992), business schools (Rigotti and Pitt, 1992), higher education (Ford et al., 1993; McElwee and Redman, 1993), hospitality ( Johns, 1993), business-tobusiness channel partners (Kong and Mayo, 1993), accounting firms (Freeman and Dart, 1993), architectural services (Baker and Lamb, 1993), recreational...
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...European Journal of Marketing 30,1 8 Received October 1994 Revised April 1995 SERVQUAL: review, critique, research agenda Francis Buttle Manchester Business School, Manchester, UK SERVQUAL: a primer SERVQUAL provides a technology for measuring and managing service quality (SQ). Since 1985, when the technology was first published, its innovators Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry, have further developed, promulgated and promoted the technology through a series of publications (Parasuraman et al., 1985; 1986; 1988; 1990; 1991a; 1991b; 1993; 1994; Zeithaml et al., 1990; 1991; 1992; 1993). The ABI/Inform database “Global edition”, (September 1994) reports that service quality has been a keyword in some 1,447 articles published in the period January 1992 to April 1994. By contrast SERVQUAL has been a keyword in just 41 publications. These publications incorporate both theoretical discussions and applications of SERVQUAL in a variety of industrial, commercial and not-for-profit settings. Published studies include tyre retailing (Carman, 1990) dental services (Carman, 1990), hotels (Saleh and Ryan, 1992) travel and tourism (Fick and Ritchie, 1991), car servicing (Bouman and van der Wiele, 1992), business schools (Rigotti and Pitt, 1992), higher education (Ford et al., 1993; McElwee and Redman, 1993), hospitality ( Johns, 1993), business-tobusiness channel partners (Kong and Mayo, 1993), accounting firms (Freeman and Dart, 1993), architectural services (Baker and Lamb, 1993), recreational...
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...Project 4: Performance Measure Critique Paper Instructions: Summarize the control function and describe how it fits into the planning, organizing, and leading functions of management. In addition, include a discussion of the importance of accurate and timely information and the link between planning and controlling. This part of the project should be more than 1 page, but no more than 2 pages, double-spaced. Presented below are several different types of performance measures. Please select two specific measures of each type or you may identify your own measures for each type. For each measure you have selected or identified, explain what the measure is, evaluate the usefulness and importance of the measure, and discuss what potential actions an organization may consider in light of the outcomes of the measure. You should have a total of eight measures, two for each type. • Human Resource Measures: performance evaluations, productivity reports, turnover, absenteeism, employee satisfaction survey • Financial Measures: profit/loss, return on investment, profit margin, change in level of sales, budget comparisons and analysis • Market Position Measures: market share, size of company in comparison to competitors, global distribution and sales measures • Product/Service Measures: customer satisfaction survey, rate of customer returns, product rate of failure, number of clients served This part of the paper should be between 3 and 4 pages long...
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...The effect of E-marketing on the marketing performance of Small Business Enterprise: A comparative study between Egypt and the UK. HATEM EL-GOHARY Bradford University School of Management School address : EMM Lane, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD9 4JL, UK. Mailing address : 24 Laisteridge Lane, Bradford, BD7 1QT, West Yorkshire, UK. Telephone : +44 (0)7878470306 Fax : +44 (0)1274 546866 Email : h.o.a.elgohary@bradford.ac.uk elgohary70@yahoo.com Supervisor name : Dr. Myfanwy Trueman Supervisor e-mail : M.Trueman@Bradford.ac.uk 16th EDAMBA Summer Academy Soreze, France July 2007 Abstract:- Small Business Enterprises (SBE's) play a major role in the world economy, and their contribution to economic and employment growth is widely recognized. Based on the SBE role as an economic engine to drive global development, this research seeks to understand the practices and activities of these enterprises in terms of electronic marketing (Achieving marketing objectives and functions through the use of electronic communication technology), marketing performance and the effectiveness of industrial and trade SBE’s. In order to do this a comparative study is made between SBE’s in Egypt (developing) and the UK (developed). The main aim of this work is to identify links between the conceptual framework and empirical analysis...
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...Week 5 Critique of Quantitative Research Article Beyond Dichotomy: The Curvilinear Relationship Between Social Responsibility And Financial Performance For MGT 361: Managerial Research Design & Analysis In partial fulfillment of the requirements For The Bachelor of Business Administration Degree Submitted By AL King November 20, 2010 This is a critique of the research article, Beyond Dichotomy: The Curvilinear Relationship between Social Responsibility and Financial Performance, written by Michael L. Barnett and Robert M. Salomon. Michael Barnett is a professor at the College of Business Administration, University of South Florida and Robert Salomon is a professor at the Stern School Business, New York University. There has been much debate on whether or not there is a link between financial and social performance when it comes to investing. Most research is done by comparing socially responsible investing (SRI) funds to those of funds that do not screen their holdings based on social and or environmental criteria. Barnett and Salomon’s research also tackles this question however, instead of doing the same types of comparison, they chose to compare and measure mutual funds that all practice socially responsible investing (SRI), in order to discern which funds perform better and what makes them different from the other SRI funds. Barnett and Salomon developed four (4) hypotheses to test during their research: 1. The...
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...educational thought of discipline by the efforts of Ross Watts and Jerold Zimmerman which when made known were received with extensive criticism. Summary of the Article Positive accounting can be related with the predetermined opinion of a firm. A firm is regarded as a conception initiative put forth by a number of economists and legal commentators which stresses that corporations are nothing more than a compilation of agreements concerning different parties – mostly shareholders, directors, employees, suppliers, customers and accounting – one tool to expedite the materialization and performance of contracts. In this regard, accounting practices progress to lessen contracting expenses by creating settlement between wavering parties. For instance, positive accounting proposes that traditionalism in accounting – in this viewpoint described in principle as obliging lower and/or higher measures of verifiability to distinguish losses and/or gains; has sources in...
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...Meg Whitman, Chief Executive of Hewlett-Packard and Marissa Mayer, CEO of Yahoo, have made management critiques about telecommuting. Both company leaders have claimed that telecommuting has led to poorer performance of their company’s employees. Meg Whitman wrote a memo, urging employees to show up at the office more often. Marissa Mayer wrote an article addressing the issue, in opposite favor of telecommuting. Whitman, Mayer as well as some other leaders have assessed that employees that work from home are the cause of poor financial performance and lackluster product innovation. The article I read, “A Better Way for HP to Boost Performance”, by Aubrey C. Daniels, addressed these two company leaders with a critical assessment of their management decisions on this issue. Daniels asserts that the claims of Whitman, Mayer as well as other company leaders and managers are not basing their managerial decisions on accurate assessments. She argues that this approach is misguided and flies in the face of the laws of human behavior. Daniels claims that furthermore, this method is likely to be counterproductive. The basis of the article is saying that leaders that are targeting telecommuting are missing the point that employees that work from home are not the cause of poor financial performance or lackluster product innovation, and policies forcing them back to the office will not solve the issues restraining growth. The article asserts that organizations that forbid working from...
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...industry. This data is necessary for a business to create competitive salary packages and to comply with state and federal regulations regarding prevailing wages”. Lister., J There are some things that I think should be considered in regards to a wage survey. What other information is missing? Do the other banks have Spanish speaking individuals? Are the tellers the only ones that speak Spanish or are the loan officers also bilingual? People that are bilingual are often paid more than their counter parts that only speak one language. It is also lacking other measures such as level of education, experience, and seniority. Therefore making it unreliable. 3. Critique State Bank’s Policy of giving merit raises that range from 0 to 8 percent, depending on job performance I think that 8% seems like a really high percentage for a raise that may be given yearly. “Top performers who will be receiving the highest performance ratings of a 4.5%...
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...MIS5000 Business Process Reengineering Group 2 Bonifacio, Faye | Dy, Maria Christina | Lim, Alexander OBJECTIVE To understand the foundation of business processes, the groundwork of business process reengineering and the role IT in business process reengineering. ROAD MAP I. Business Process a. Definition b. Business Process Improvement II. Business Process Reengineering c. What? d. Why e. When? f. Who? g. How? h. Advantages and Benefits of BPR i. Critiques about BPR III. The Role of IT j. Relationship between IT and BPR k. Role of IT in Reengineering l. Importance of IT m. Role of CIOs n. Future Role of IT in BPR IV. Application of BPR I. BUSINESS PROCESS a. DEFINITION "If you have ever waited in line at the grocery store, you can appreciate the need for process improvement. In this case, the "process" is called the check-out process, and the purpose of the process is to pay for and bag your groceries. The process begins with you stepping into line, and ends with you receiving your receipt and leaving the store. You are the customer (you have the money and you have come to buy food), and the store is the supplier The process steps are the activities that you and the store personnel do to complete the transaction. In this simple example, we have described a business process. Imagine other business processes: ordering clothes from...
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...11. Demonstrating Communication Skills: Giving and Receiving Criticism Throughout a supervisor’s career, he or she will be expected to critique an employee’s performance and provide feedback. In addition, he or she will be the object of criticism, both in job performance and the way in which he or she responds to the employees. A supervisor may feel that it is only the intent of the message that matters, but proper delivery is important as well (Chambers, 74). A good critique must be necessary to the employee’s performance. It should be noted that it is a waste of time to criticize factors that are not important to the job. This evaluation should also be fair and positive and intended to improve one’s job performance. This communication should be tactful, fair and kept in a positive light. The supervisor should also be able to receive criticism. He or she should remember that these comments are intended to improve performance and to help develop a better relationship with employees. Developing Effective Listening Skills A supervisor needs to be an effective listener. In order to be effective, one must want to be effective. The first suggestion for improving this skill is to engage in active listening practices, such as repeating the information in order to confirm understanding (Chambers, 162). One might also want to time the discussion so that it takes place during the peak of the day’s energy (such as first thing in the morning). Most importantly, an individual with good...
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...Reflections on Individual Assignment 1 This document provides examples of student critiques prepared for individual assignment 1. I have selected examples of satisfactory and unsatisfactory critiques supplemented by some comments. Hopefully this will assist in preparing for the second individual assignment and the final exam. 1. Literature review (objectives and motives) Satisfactory critique Critique: Jones and Solomon (2010) do not explicitly mention the aim of their research, but rather refer to the nature of the research. This is not seen as a weak point as the authors make use of grounded theory in their study. The authors do however identify their motivation of conducting this research quite well by stating: “However, to our knowledge, there has been little research (...)” (pp. 21). Furthermore, the authors link their motives to prior research by stating that there has been a lack of interview-based work in prior research (Ball et al, 2000; Deegan et al, 2006; O’Dwyer and Owen, 2005). I do see this link as a strong point in contrast to the objective of this article. The objective of this article is not clearly formulated. The authors mention: “We address the fundamental question on (...)” (p.21). However, immediately afterwards they state: “In addition, we shed light on several important questions such as (...)” (p.21). These additions are not related to previously identified questions by the authors but to the themes that derived from the interviews in this study. Therefore...
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