...Camara Phyllis Jones created a framework for understanding racism on three levels. These levels are institutional racism, personally mediated racism and internalized racism. In order to understand this, it is important to break down a real world example and show the impact of all three of these categories. One example which clearly demonstrates all three of these categories is the low graduation rate of black men in this country. Institutional racism plays an important factor in the lower graduation rate in a number of ways. Institutional racism is the societal disadvantages that people are born into due to their race. One example of this is that due to the segregation of communities based upon institutional racism the quality of schools...
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...RUNNING HEAD: Pre-Prospectus An Exploration of the Reproduction and Perpetuation of Socio-historical Oppression in U.S. Schools: Pre-prospectus La’Quaria Barton Georgia Southern University Dr. Delores Liston, Dissertation Chair Dr. Daniel E. Chapman, Committee Member Dr. Lorraine S. Gilpin, Committee Member Dr. Robert Yarbrough, Committee Member TENTATIVE CHAPTER OUTLINE Chapter 1: Introduction * Background of the Problem * Statement of the Problem * Purpose of the Study * Research Questions * Importance of the Study * Scope of the Study * Definition of Terms * Limitations Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework Chapter 3: Review of the Literature Chapter 4: Research Methods * The Qualitative Paradigm * Qualitative Methods * The Researcher's Role * Data Sources * Data Collection * Data Analysis * Ethical Considerations Chapter 5: Research Findings Chapter 6: Conclusions, Discussion, and Suggestions for Future Research * Summary * Conclusions * Discussion * Suggestions for Future Research Towards A Phenomenology of Liberation From the very start, I am thus fully endorsing the premise that no account of race can be dissociated from a critique of power and a social historical ontology of ourselves (de Oliveira, 2010, 209). INTRODUCTION I grew up in rural North Carolina. When I was in the third grade, I watched as five of my white peers were pulled from class to attend gifted courses. I always wondered why, I, who had always worked...
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...RUNNING HEAD: Pre-Prospectus An Exploration of the Reproduction and Perpetuation of Socio-historical Oppression in U.S. Schools: Pre-prospectus La’Quaria Barton Georgia Southern University Dr. Delores Liston, Dissertation Chair Dr. Daniel E. Chapman, Committee Member Dr. Lorraine S. Gilpin, Committee Member Dr. Robert Yarbrough, Committee Member TENTATIVE CHAPTER OUTLINE Chapter 1: Introduction • Background of the Problem • Statement of the Problem • Purpose of the Study • Research Questions • Importance of the Study • Scope of the Study • Definition of Terms • Limitations Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework Chapter 3: Review of the Literature Chapter 4: Research Methods • The Qualitative Paradigm • Qualitative Methods • The Researcher's Role • Data Sources • Data Collection • Data Analysis • Ethical Considerations Chapter 5: Research Findings Chapter 6: Conclusions, Discussion, and Suggestions for Future Research • Summary • Conclusions • Discussion • Suggestions for Future Research Towards A Phenomenology of Liberation From the very start, I am thus fully endorsing the premise that no account of race can be dissociated from a critique of power and a social historical ontology of ourselves (de Oliveira, 2010, 209). INTRODUCTION I grew up in rural North Carolina. When I was in the third grade, I watched as five of my white peers were pulled from class to attend gifted courses. I always wondered why, I, who had always worked...
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...(Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010). Since the 1960’s Over three quarters of immigrants to Canada have come from the global south or developing nation and most are member of visible minority groups. Also one third of Racialized Canadian are Canadian born and the other two third are immigrants (Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010). Racialized Canadians experience a wide range of adverse living circumstances that threaten not only their health but also the overall health and well being of Canadian society • Studies shown that racism can take three forms, all of which will have impact on health. Institutionalized racism is concern with the structure of society and may be codified in institutions of practice, law, and governmental inaction in the face of need (Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010). Personally mediated racism is defined as prejudice and discrimination and can manifest itself as lack of respect, suspicion, devaluation, scapegoating and dehumanization (Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010). Internalized racism is when those who are stigmatized accept these messages about their own abilities and intrinsic lack of worth (Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010). Canadian of color in every province, experience higher unemployment and under employment rates and lower income than Canadians of European descents (Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010). The advantages and disadvantages of inequalities of health • Health inequalities are preventable and unjust differences in health status experienced by certain population groups. People in lower socio-economic...
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...UNDERSTANDING LEARNING – STUDY NOTES WHAT IS LEARNING? * Reflective teaching * Classroom experience * Technical teaching * Knowledge about learning * Reflective teaching * Classroom experience and knowledge about learning provide students with a constructive learning environment * Understanding learning * Individual differences, Learning theories, Managing learning in classrooms, Teachers * Constructivist – refers to the idea that learners construct knowledge for themselves; each learner individually (and socially) constructs meaning as he or she learns. * Humanist – a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism, empiricism) over established doctrine or faith (fideism). * Cognitivist – believe that learning is a change in individuals' mental structures enabling them to show changes in behaviour. It is based on the thought process behind the behaviour. * Behaviourist – believe that learning takes place when knowledge is separated into smaller bits. Students are rewarded for successful answers. Instruction focuses on conditioning the learner's behaviour. Learning involves repetition and association and is highly mechanical. Behaviourist leaning teachers focus on a new behavioural pattern being repeated until it becomes automatic. *...
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...was unarmed at the time yet just hours later stories were circulating the media about a dramatic ‘shootout’ with Duggan represented as a ‘violent gangster’. Within just two days of his death, riots had erupted in London as well as copycat riots in other cities up and down the country and reported globally by the press. Before getting out of hand, the riots were a direct response to the actions of the police. Mark Duggan didn’t hit the front page until after the riots had begun and it is likely that, similar to the case of Stephen Lawrence, the audience will never fully know the reality of the initial event. The final inquest report (2014) ruled that the killing was lawful. Looking back on the newspaper and press coverage, how was Duggan mediated? This is the coverage of Mark Duggan’s death on the Daily Mail Online webpage. It was posted in the early hours of 5th August and is a prime example of how mediation can change the image of a person. The photograph used by the Daily Mail is a close up shot depicting Duggan ‘making a gun symbol with his fingers’. This picture was chosen for...
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...Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: The social determinants of health are the living and the working conditions which influence people’s health. Therefore our health is also affected in part by the social and economic opportunities available to us. Discussed below are the identified social factors affecting health in our society. Stressful conditions making people to be anxious and worried damage ones health. Stressful circumstances make it hard to engage in physical activities or even practicing health eating habits since the body energy is focused on dealing with day to day challenges (Brunner & Marmot, 2006). Stress also leads to prolonged biological reactions which strains the physical body. Therefore, continuous stressing circumstances will result to weakening of the resistance to diseases of the body and interferes with the functioning of the hormonal and metabolic systems. According to Brunner & Marmot (2006), the improvement of health may only be achieved if living conditions are improved and therefore, focus must be placed on solving the source of the problems instead of dealing with the underlying symptoms. Another social factor affecting health is the distribution of income. This is because it is the level of incomes which shapes how people live. Low incomes results to social and material deprivation as the basic needs are a challenge to meet for the low income earners (Raphael, 2010). Food, clothing and shelter are the prerequisites of health and for the...
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...with Dutch students explored women’s motivation to search for evidence of gender discrimination and its effects on psychological well-being. Study 1 (N = 161) considered situational self-relevance of one’s personal outcomes (personal failure or success) on women’s motivation to collect information about gender discrimination. Study 2 (N = 106) manipulated information search and studied its effects on well-being when information contains evidence of gender discrimination or personal failure. Results revealed that women are motivated to search for evidence of discrimination when outcomes are highly self-relevant (Study 1) or the need to search is high (Study 2). Furthermore women suffer from evidence of prejudice, but only when they are personally affected by this prejudice and evidence suggests it is pervasive. References -When Searching Hurts: The Role of Information Search in Reactions to Gender Discrimination Katherine Stroebe, Manuela Barreto and Naomi Ellemers SEX ROLES, Volume 62, Numbers 1-2 (2010), 60-76, DOI: 10.1007/s11199-009-9700-y Published online: 24 September 2009 # Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2009 Stable url : http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-009-9700-y?null 2. Explanation and Intergroup Emotion: Social Explanations as a Foundation of Prejudice-Related Compunction Abstract Two studies examined whether social explanations—causal frameworks used to make sense of a group’s status and behavior—are associated with prejudice-related...
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...The Social Science Mixed Racial and Cultural Groups in the United States ENG COMP II/ABE1314D Dr. Nicole Martinez and Mrs. Karissa Sullivan May 6, 2013 Mixed Racial and Cultural Groups of the United States is a huge topic being discussed recently because mixed racial relationships are increasing daily all around the world, but especially with-in the United States. There are many individuals who elaborate on whether or not each group expects to be treated as a separate entity, or be considered just Americans without the hyphen. Is the United States better off by classifying individuals by their ethnic background? What do we actually gain by these separate entities? Why is the government so concerned on everyone’s ethnic background? These are just a few of many questions that are being discussed and I will answer based on facts. While mixed racial and cultural groups continue to rise in the United States, it seems that the vast majority continues to pursue their separate ethnicity with-in the United States, but when approached abroad with-in another country, they seem to consider themselves as Americans vice African-American, Mexican American, Asian American, etc. (Perez and Hirshmann, “The Changing Racial and Ethnic Composition of the United States). Many Americans have multiple identities that reflect complex ancestral origins, tribal and communal associations, and varied ideological outlooks on race and culture. In general, people do not change their ethnicities...
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...applicants is a critical component of personnel selection and overall organizational success. In this study, the authors meta-analyzed 667 coefficients from 71 studies examining relationships between various predictors with job– organization attraction, job pursuit intentions, acceptance intentions, and job choice. The moderating effects of applicant gender, race, and applicant versus nonapplicant status were also examined. Results showed that applicant attraction outcomes were predicted by job– organization characteristics, recruiter behaviors, perceptions of the recruiting process, perceived fit, and hiring expectancies, but not recruiter demographics or perceived alternatives. Path analyses showed that applicant attitudes and intentions mediated the predictor–job choice relationships. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for recruiting theory, research, and practice. Keywords: recruiting, job choice, applicant reactions, person– organization fit, meta-analysis a quantitative review of this literature has not been conducted. A meta-analytic review would complement the existing narrative reviews by improving the estimation of the relationships between predictors and outcomes associated with applicant attraction (Schmidt & Hunter, 2001). Accordingly, the first goal of this study was to use meta-analytic techniques to summarize the relationships between traditional predictors and outcomes...
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...internet 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141922 0066-4308/04/0204-0000$14.00 BARGH MCKENNA Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2004. 55:X--X doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141922 Copyright © 2004 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved INTERNET AND SOCIAL LIFE THE INTERNET AND SOCIAL LIFE John A. Bargh and Katelyn Y.A. McKenna New York University, New York, New York 10003; email: john.bargh@nyu.edu, kym1@nyu.edu Key Words communication, groups, relationships, depression, loneliness Abstract The Internet is the latest in a series of technological breakthroughs in interpersonal communication, following the telegraph, telephone, radio, and television. It combines innovative features of its predecessors, such as bridging great distances and reaching a mass audience. However, the Internet has novel features as well, most critically the relative anonymity afforded to users and the provision of group venues in which to meet others with similar interests and values. We place the Internet in its historical context, and then examine the effects of Internet use on the user’s psychological well-being, the formation and maintenance of personal relationships, group memberships and social identity, the workplace, and community involvement. The evidence suggests that while these effects are largely dependent on the particular goals that users bring to the interaction---such as self-expression, affiliation, or competition---they also interact in important ways with the unique qualities of the...
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...Copyright © 2005 Stuart Fischoff. All rights reserved. 1 Media Psychology: A Personal Essay in Definition and Purview by Stuart Fischoff, Ph.D. Introduction The subject matter of media psychology is a mother lode of material that psychology has actively mined for decades, but only within the last ten to fifteen years has the enterprise emerged as a distinct and explicit subdivision of psychology. Media psychology found its inspirational roots more than 90 years ago within the discipline of social psychology and in the early work of social psychologist Hugo Münsterberg concerning the psychology and the psychological impact of film. Published in 1916 under the title, The Photoplay: A Psychological Study, it was the first empirical study of an audience reacting to a film. Münsterberg also provided such a keen analysis of a screenplay's (then called a photoplay) grammar of visual construction and nascent cinematic conventions and their psychological impact on the audience, that his incisive words still echo today in numerous film school lecture halls and classroom seminars. And there was psychologist L.L. Thurstone, arguably the Father of Attitude Scale Construction and Measurement (a signature area of theory and research in social psychology), who developed scales for the measurement of attitudes toward movies for the famous and notoriously politicized Payne Fund Research in 1928. This study’s practically avowed purpose was to indict (not investigate) the medium of film...
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...Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination: The effect of group based expectations on moral functioning Jennifer Steele, Y. Susan Choi, and Nalini Ambady Harvard University In press in T.A. Thorkildsen, J. Manning, & H.J. Walberg (Eds.), Children and Youth Series: Nurturing Morality. New York: Kluwer Academic. Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination: The effect of group based expectations on moral functioning As citizens of the United States, we are extremely fortunate to live in a democracy, and more specifically, a society that upholds egalitarian and meritocratic ideals. As a nation, we have fought wars and faced internal struggles in order to establish this system and champion these values. Within the last two centuries we have abolished slavery, given women the right to vote, and desegregated schools. In more recent years the movement towards equal opportunity has been advanced even further; public and private schools have increased financial support for economically disadvantaged scholars, and affirmative action programs have been developed as yet another means of combating inequities. It would seem that as a society, we are moving towards our moral ideal of equality for one and all. And yet, disparities remain. Race continues to be inextricably linked to socio-economic status and education level, with certain racial and ethnic groups, such as Caucasian- and Asian-Americans reaping more societal advantages on average than others, including...
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...CONRAD P. KOTTAK Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109 The New Ecological Anthropology Older ecologies have been remiss in the narrowness of their spatial and temporal horizons, their functionalist assumptions, and their apolitical character. Suspending functionalist assumptions and an emphasis upon (homeo)stasis, "the new ecological anthropology" is located at the intersection of global, national, regional, and local systems, studying the outcome of the interaction of multiple levels and multiple factors. It blends theoretical and empirical research with applied, policy-directed, and critical work in what Rappaport called an "engaged" anthropology; and it is otherwise attuned to the political aspects and implications of ecological processes. Carefully laying out a critique of previous ecologies by way of announcing newer approaches, the article insists on the need to recognize the importance of culture mediations in ecological processes rather than treating culture as epiphenomenal and as a mere adaptive tool. It closes with a discussion of the methodologies appropriate to the new ecological anthropology. / "the new ecology, " political ecology, applied or engaged anthropology, linkages methodology] cological anthropology was named as such during the 1960s, but it has many ancestors, including Daryll Forde, Alfred Kroeber, and, especially, Julian Steward. Steward's cultural ecology influenced the ecological anthropology of Roy Rappaport...
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...University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2009 Peeking Out: A Textual Analysis of Heteronormative Images in Prime-Time Television D. Renee Smith University of Tennessee - Knoxville, drsmith@utk.edu Recommended Citation Smith, D. Renee, "Peeking Out: A Textual Analysis of Heteronormative Images in Prime-Time Television. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2009. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/10 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact trace@utk.edu. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by D. Renee Smith entitled "Peeking Out: A Textual Analysis of Heteronormative Images in Prime-Time Television." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Communication and Information. Catherine A. Luther, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Michelle T. Violanti, Suzanne Kurth, Benjamin J. Bates Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice...
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