...refraction from one transparent medium to another. Introduction: Snell’s law state: When light passes from one transparent medium to another the rays of light refract (bend). Snell’s law (Law of Refraction) states that: n*=sinⅈsinr=n2n1=V1V2 for the purpose of this experiment we will be proving that: sinⅈsinr=n2n1 or n1sinⅈ=n2sinr where n1 and i are the index of refraction and angle with the normal to the surface for the incident ray, respectively, and n2 and r are for the refracted ray. Aim: The aim of this investigation is to prove determine the relative refractive index of perspects. Hypothesis: Sin i / Sin r will produce a constant ratio – the refractive index for perspects Variables: Independent Variable: Sine of the angle of incidence (Sin i) Dependent Variable: Sine of the angle of refraction (Sin r)\ Controlled Variables: The light source was kept constant, the same block of perspects was used. Uncontrolled Variables: Not relevant Apparatus: * Ruler, Protractor, Incandescent Light Source Procedure: Given on the assignment sheet (Investigating Refraction: Snell’s Law) Results: Raw Data | Processed Data | Trial # | Angle of Incidence (°) | Angle of Refraction (°) | Sin i | Sin r | Sin i/Sin r | 1 | 53 | 33 | 0.798 | 0.546 | 1.462 | 2 | 41 | 27 | 0.656 | 0.454 | 1.445 | 3 | 31 | 21 | 0.515 | 0.358 | 1.439 | 4 | 29 | 20 | 0.485 | 0.342 | 1.418 | 5 | 10 | 8 | 0.174 | 0.139 | 1.252 | Discussion: Although it appears there are no...
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...Abstract Exposure to high levels of air pollution can cause a variety of adverse health outcomes. Air quality in developed countries has been generally improved over the last three decades. However, many recent epidemiological studies have consistently shown positive associations between low-level exposure to air pollution and health outcomes. Thus, adverse health effects of air pollution, even at relatively low levels, remain a public concern. This paper aims to provide an overview of recent research development and contemporary methodological challenges in this field and to identify future research directions for air pollution epidemiological studies. Introduction It is well known that exposure to high levels of air pollution can adversely affect human health. A number of air pollution catastrophes occurred in industrial countries between 1950s and 1970s, such as the London smog of 1952 [1]. Air quality in western countries has significantly improved since the 1970s. However, adverse health effects of exposure to relatively low level of air pollution remain a public concern, motivated largely by a number of recent epidemiological studies that have shown the positive associations between air pollution and health outcomes using sophisticated time-series and other designs [2]. This review highlights the key findings from major epidemiological study designs (including time-series, case-crossover, panel, cohort, and birth outcome studies) in estimating the associations of exposure...
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...Pollution: A Pressing Issue Mikayla Schott 007848737 4 November 2013 Biology 21 Professor Poffenroth Mikayla Schott Pollution: A Pressing Issue Pollution is one of the most harmful environmental issues our earth faces today. Pollution is defined as the initiation of contaminants into the environment. The most alarming factor about pollution is that it is almost entirely the result of human action. One of the most polluted nations is China; contrarily, though many Americans fight to protect the environment from such harm, there still exists pollution in our nation, today. Unfortunately, pollution affects everyone; however, children are suffering everywhere from their lack of knowledge of how to protect themselves from such harm, as well as the fact that much of the detrimental effects of pollution in children’s health occurs before they are even born, when they are still in the womb. Negative reports of reproductive health in China prompted scientists to look further. The effects of pollution on the development of children in China and America, though different, are comparable. Pollution in China has increased due to the rapid industrialization of the nation in the past 30 years. According to the World Bank reports in 2007, “of the 20 most polluted cities in the world, cities in China account for 16 of them.” And according to Environment and Reproductive Health in China “Air quality in China is among the worst in the world, with air pollution levels...
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...Healthcare Data Warehousing Doug Kelley Health Informatics I Professor Lu December 7, 2012 Abstract ` Dimensional modeling lays the groundwork for data warehouses. Dimensional modeling is a similar process to traditional Entity/Relationship modeling in regards to tables (entities) having joins (relationships) with other tables via primary keys. Dimensional modeling has been used as a standard in industry for decision support systems in other areas such as transportation, production, sales and marketing. (Parmanto, 1) Because healthcare has many complex events, it has lagged behind other industries in terms of data warehousing. This paper will discuss several techniques that can help overcome these complexities. Introduction A data warehouse has been defined as a database optimized for long-term storage, retrieval, and analysis of records aggregated across patient populations, often serving the longer-term business and clinical analysis needs of an organization (Shortliffe, 932). For a data warehouse to perform these roles, it must be architected or modeled appropriately. There are a couple of different approaches to modeling data warehouses. Dimensional modeling is becoming standard approach. Background Review Designing a data warehouse for healthcare presents many unique challenges for designing a database. These include such complexities as multiple diagnoses, multiple payers, multiple physicians; primary and secondary, and late arriving data, such...
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...EC1 Section 5 Illustration Essay Raphiporn (Mind) Chonlakhup 5580568 Population Growth’s Negative Aspects on Various Countries Currently, the world population is reaching an estimated number of 7,094 million people or about 7 billion (Population Connection, 2013) and is growing by 145 people every minute or 2.4 every second (CIA World Factbook, 2012). The increase in world population happens usually because of the faster decline in death rate than the birth rate due to more availability of antibiotics, immunization, clean water and increased food production which improved child lives and decreases infant mortality. Too much population growth in a region, a city or a country can result as overpopulation. Overpopulation refers to a condition when the number of the population exceeds the capacity of their living habitats and the existence of their resources, it normally occurs from the unbalanced rate of birth and deaths, an increase in immigration, or an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources. Overpopulation is generally considered as a disadvantage as it may contribute to multitudinous problems such as environmental deterioration, low life qualities, good deficiency, and fatal issue such as population collapse. This essay will emphasize on the diversity of negative aspects of population growth in various countries on their environments, economy, and society. The major and largest factor related to my idea of too much population growth as a disadvantage towards...
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...Nurse Educator Nurse Educator Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 209-213 Copyright ! 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Wikis and Blogs Tools for Online Interaction Jane S. Grassley, PhD, RN Robin Bartoletti, MS Online education requires nursing faculty to learn teaching strategies that encourage students’ interaction with the course content, their peers, the faculty, and the technology. The Web 2.0 technologies of wikis and blogs can help faculty direct online learning activities that encourage peer support, collaboration, and dialogue. The authors discuss these tools and how they were used to engage students in a nursing research course. ince the mid-1990s, increasing numbers of people have come to rely on the Internet as a convenient source of information and education. In nursing, the growing need for convenient and nontraditional learning strategies fostered a proliferation of Web-based nursing education programs. Since teaching online requires faculty to use strategies that differ from those used in face-to-face classrooms, nurse researchers have investigated characteristics of online education environments that facilitate students’ engagement with learning.1-3 Thurmond concluded,3(p237) ‘‘Good teaching practices are deeply rooted in the concept of interaction.’’ MancusoMurphy4(p257) identified interaction among faculty and students as ‘‘the core element of an effective online environment.’’ Researchers determined that peer support, collaboration, and...
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...THE FUTURE OF NURSING Future of Nursing Future of Nursing The education that was taught to nurses up and well into the 20th century is no longer valid for dealing with all the health care issues in the 21st century. The American population is growing older and more diverse with cultural, social-economics, race, ethnicity, and religions. There is a larger shift in the nation’s health care needs for the 21st century. Health care issues today have many chronic conditions such as, arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases, many mental health issues, and increasing obesity levels in the old as well as in the young. The registered nurse with a higher education will be able to function in unpredictable and complex situations. The registered nurse with a baccalaureate is able to demonstrate flexibility and critical thinking. The old, tired way nurses have been educated will be replaced with advanced learning in community-based, multidisciplinary patient care delivery system of the future. Nurses will no longer be in the back seat due to lesser education, but will be seated side-by-side with other heath care disciplines making educated decisions, quality improvements, and have great system thinking skills. The higher educated nurse will have great team leadership skills. Nursing education was primarily taught for health care challenges of the early 20th century. Education for nurses leading into the 20th century was the basics of keeping patients...
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...Lab 6: Build Your Own Homunculus Jennifer Roytbak Animal Physiology Lab – PCB4723L Tuesday – 8:00AM Section – 006 February 18th, 2014 Results (cont.) In Figure 1 you can see that the most sensitive spots on both the right and the left side were my lips, tongue, and all my fingers. All had a density of 1 (1/mm) for both sides. The least sensitive spots for both the right and left side were my upper arm, back, and abdomen. The biggest difference for one body part between the right and the left side was my chin. The right side of my chin had a density of .33 mm and my left side had a density of .5 mm. Discussion The human body contains many different sensory receptors on our skin. The purpose of this lab was to determine the density of our own individual touch receptors in different parts of our body. Touch is the most sensitive and arguably the most important of our five senses. Unlike other sensory receptors, such as, smell, taste and sight, touch receptors are found throughout our bodies in different skin and muscle tissues and communicate all through our spinal cord (Angier, 2008). We compared our right side to our left side. Looking at fig. 1 you can see the big differences in density from body part to body part. In some cases, such as the chin, neck, elbow, and palm you can see differences between the right and left side too. For the most part, both sides were pretty even though. My forehead, lips, tongue, lower arm, back of hand, thumb, index fingertip...
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...Corporate Finance Notes * Chapter One: Introduce to Corporate Finance 1. Three Questions: A. What Long-term asset should be invested? Capital Budgeting B. How to raise cash for capital expenditures? Capital Structure C. How to manage short-term cash flow? Net Working Capital 2. Capital Structure: Marketing Value of Firm = MV of Debt + MV of Equity 3. Finance perspect and Accountant perspect: Finance: Cash Flow ! Accountant: A/R means profit ! 4. Sole proprietorship, parternership and corporation | 5. The goal of financial management: Maximize the current value per share of the existing stock. 6. Agency problem and Control of the Corporation Agency Relations: stockholders with management - agency cost Goal: Management has a significant incentive to act in the interests of stockholders. Conclusion: Stockholders control the firm and the stockholder wealth maximization is the relevant goal of the corporation . 7. Financial Market: Money Market & Capital Market Money Market: loosely connected markets – dealer markets. Core – market banks, government secutities dealers, money brokers 8. Financial Market: Primary Market & Secondary Market Primary Market: New Issues initially sell securities – public offerings and private placement IPO: underwriten by a syndicate (辛迪加, 财团) of IBs. Buy and sell for a higher price. Register in SEC. Private Placement: avoid the cost of preparing the registration...
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...Title: to get organic food Specific purpose: Organic food advocates claim that organically grown foods are safer and more nutritious than foods raised with non-organic methods such as pesticide and non-organic fertilizer use, or antibiotic and hormone use. Thesis statement: Many people just don't trust these chemicals and don't want to put them into their bodies. Since virtually all non-organically produced foods contain residues of pesticides, fertilizers and other chemicals, the only way to avoid them is to buy organic foods. Introduction Organic foods are grown without using most conventional pesticides and fertilizers. A product that is identified as being organic is not produced by genetic engineering. Ionizing radiation and sewage sludge cannot be used in organic production or handling. Organic farming practices include soil and water conservation measures. Crop rotation, manure, and compost are used to improve the soil in place of using conventional fertilizers. Instead of using commercial insecticides or herbicides, organic farmers might use companion planting to discourage insects and mulch and hand weeding to control weeds. To be certified as organic, food products need to come from farms and processing plants that are certified as organic. This means that they are inspected by certified government officials to ensure that organic farms are up to USDA organic standards. The USDA is responsible for the organic labeling program and allows one of three possible labels: ...
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...Hershey’s Sweet Mission Strayer University Recommendation of Redesign of Hershey’s Performance Management System to Appeal to the Diverse Groups That It Employs Performance management systems assess employees’ performance while ensuring that these performance standards align with the goals and views of the company or organization (Aguinis, 2009). At Hershey, the main diversity stated in the case study was the diversity of age between workers which consisted of millennial workers, those in their 20s, and the baby boomer generation. The performance management is an ongoing effort of Human Resources to identify measure and develop the performance of values that Hershey promotes. Currently the markers for review are based upon the values of the company which include, embracing diversity, sharing knowledge, leading with integrity, teamwork and personal responsibility. The performance management system allows employees to set goals within each value and review is based upon reaching those specified goals (Noe, Holleneck, Gerhart. & Wright, 2011). Analysis of How a Hershey’s Employee Would Interpret the Values that Hershey Embraces in Relation to Employees In an effort to improve this performance management system Human Resources may wish to further explore the research that indicates that teams with diverse memberships are likely to have a deeper pool of resources in which the company can benefit from (Bassett-Jones, 2005). Since the current review process consist...
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...References Aldarson G. K. And Glading T. S. 2012. Counselling A Comprehensive Profession. Second Custom Edition for Athabasca University. Special Edition Athabasca University. Angermeyer, C. M., Borsche, J., Kenzin, D., Matschinger, H. and Schomerrus, G. (2007). The association of schizophrenia with split personality is not an ubiquitous phenomenon. Social Psychiatry and Epidemiology, 42:780-786, DOI 10.1007/s00127-007-0235-7 Bae, Sanghyuk, Hong, Yun-Chul, Kim, Jin Hee, Lim, Youn-hee and Park, Hye Yin. (2012). Air Pollution and Symptoms of Depression in Elderly Adults. Environ Health Perspect, 120(7), 1023-1028. Doi 10. 1289/ehp.1104100 Bennett , C. and Saulsby, L. 2015. How relationships help us to age well. The British Psychological Society, 28, 110-113. https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/...
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...Personal Impact Paper The personal impact that chronic disease has on patients, is extremely devastating. "Mention of chronic Lyme disease raises temperatures, not only among patients, but also among the experts who are trying to untangle exactly what chronic Lyme disease is" (Rowe, 2000 pg1). With a chronic disease, such as Lyme disease LD patients are faced with many challenges. Some that will be outlined in this paper. Which are social, financial and personal effects that this disease can have on a person. As well as what a patient has to go through when learning about their disease and living through the experience. Lastly, this paper will touch on the motivators that can be used when maintaining a positive outlook on the patient's life. When discussing what is Lyme disease many thoughts come to head because Lyme's disease is a complex yet very silent disease. This disease is known as "The great Imitator" (Lymedisease.org 2013) this is because the symptoms that arise are like other well known diseases. Some examples of these diseases are; Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue, ALS, Multiple Sclerosis, Depression and Rheumatoid Arthritis (Lymedisease.org 2013). By the time that Lyme's disease is diagnosis the symptoms and the disease process have become chronic. When someone gets infected this disease with the Lyme spirochetes, which is a poppy like size tick (Lymedisease.org 2013). The most common forms of testing are the Elisa and the Western Blot. These test are...
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...acording toPerspective they emphasizeSpecialty area which they practive/trained in--Obv. Bias in psyc BIO APPROACH Primarily concerned with neuroscience (spinal column & brain)/(peripheral syst., extended nerv. System [neurons, neurochemistry, neurotransmitters) Biological perspec. Can look @ concepts but can break them down to smaller parts –throwback to structuralism Modulate behavior w/ drugs (chemistry). Increase, decrease missing neurotransmittersMRI, CAT, etc –observe changes in the brain, associate patterns w/ specific mental functionsPsychodynamic based on Freud. Unconscious processes and early exp.Behavioralism, how behavior is acquired and modified through exp. And enviroMental health proffs. May emphasize the behavioral perspect. In explaining & treating psycho disordersBehavioralism particuarlly effective against phobias. Present spider to subj. paired w/ positive stim.Eventually, see spider and cognate the positive stim. Humanistic, Maslow & RogersPersonal growth, interpersonal relationships, mental health field emphasisCROSS CULTURAL PERSP.Emerged in 1980sEmphasizes diversity of behavior across cultures and the fact that many earlier findings were not universalSocial loafing (given example) – 1 slacker will make all slackIMPORTANT CULTURAL TERMSEthnocentrism- Belief that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others (DEFAULT)Individualistic Cultures- Emphasize the needs & goals of individals vs. group (USA)Collectivistic culture-Needs...
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...Introduction Arguably, solvency has become more crucial in the audit process over the last decade. When auditing large corporate groups, it was suggested that solvency assessments were ‘mission impossible’ because of the complexity of company structure and financial transaction, the creative accounting, and consolidated financial statement. A deliberation on matters of entities’ going concern is required. Significance of solvency assessments Solvency entails having the capacity to meet ‘debts’ as they fall due (Clarke and Dean 2007). Australia’s Corporations Act 2001(Cth) requires that directors assess continually whether their company is solvent before allowing it to continue trading. When preparing the annual report, directors were imposed the obligations to consider some financial indicators and gain insights regarding companies’ capacities meeting the creditors’ claims. It is important for directors’ fully understanding the concept of insolvency to regulate and operate companies in order, and then the ultimate financial data may properly disclose to shareholders. According to ASA200.42, auditors have the responsibilities of ‘forming and expressing an opinion on the financial report’. In order to help investors making correct judgments based on financial statement, auditors need to assess whether the going concern assumption is satisfied in audit process. They also have the duty of care to attest continually the client companies’ solvency status. Solvency conclusions ...
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