...Theories of Psycology AIU University Abstract For this assignment, the three perspectives I will be looking at are behaviorism, functionalism, and structuralism. I will be describing each one along with giving an example. I will be comparing the three, and sharing how each influences psychology today. Behaviorism is the approach of learning which results from rewards or consequences that are associated with specific behaviors, (Words of Wisdom, 2012) Behaviorism associates the relationship between environment, events, and behaviors. It tends to explain the learning in terms of behavior that can be observed, avoiding reference to mental events and entities. Drills are examples of behaviorism. They involve steady repetition of a desired action. Behaviorist theory encourages repeating a behavior to act as reinforcement of that behavior. Drills are often used in teaching with things that require memorization such as multiplication tables. Behaviorism influences psychology today by applying the principles in mental health setting, where the therapists and counselors these to explain and treat a variety of illnesses. Functionalism is the philosophy that every feeling, emotion, or thought in the mind is associated soley with the idea each has a function. It is cause and effect idea of how each outside stimuli corresponds to a mental state which causes a reaction. (MacMillion, 1996) An example of functionalism is pain, which is a state that tends to be caused...
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...there are several perspectives used to describe, predict, and explain human behavior. The seven major perspectives in modern psychology are psychoanalytic, behaviorist, humanist, cognitive, neuroscientific/biopsychological, evolutionary, and sociocultural. Describe the seven major psychological perspectives using two to three sentences each. Select one major figure associated with one of the seven major perspectives and describe his or her work in two to three sentences. Type your response in the space below. The seven major perspectives in modern psychology are: Psychoanalytical Psychology is a study of theories about the relationship between the past conscious and unconscious mental processes. Behaviorist Psychology emphasized objective, observable environmental influences on overt behavior. Humanistic Psychology is the study of free will. It is the study of voluntary and involuntary or reflex behavior. This is the fight or flight and survival of the fittest theory. Cognitive Psychology emphasizes thoughts, perception, and information processing. It is the study of how we view things in everyday life and how they affect us. Neuroscientific/Biopsychological examines behavior study of the brain. How the brain processes information electrically and which part of the brain processes the information. Evolutionary Psychology is a study of natural selection and the way we grow and adapt to the changes in the world. Sociocultural Psycology is the way we view...
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...PSYCHOLOGY 3G COGNITIVE PSYCOLOGY AsSIGNMENT General requirements and marking: * All assignments must be typed * Arial 11 point, 1.5 line spacing, normal margins * Estimated page allocation: * INTRODUCTION: approximately half a page * LITERATURE REVIEW: approximately 2 – 3 pages * RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: approximately 2 pages * RESULTS: approximately 1 page * DISCUSSION: approximately 1 page * Scoring rubric: Criteria | Mark | Title | 2 | Table of contents | 3 | Introduction | 5 | Literature review | 20 | Research methodology | 20 | Results | 10 | Discussion | 20 | Language editing | 10 | Referencing and reference list | 10 | TOTAL | 100 | * Note that we use the American Psychological Association’s referencing style in all academic work in Psychology. You can find APA guides in the library, or on the internet. Template for report Title of report: ____________________________ Student name: ______________________ Student number: ____________________ Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION Here I expect students to write a short introduction on time perception, and the research problem. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Suggestions for the literature review include: 3.1 Definition of time perception 3.2 The neuropsychology of time perception 3.3 Zimbardo’s theory of time perception 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4.4 Research Design Description of single case study...
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...abnormal psycology Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Jessica University of Phoenix PSY/410 Facilitator: Maria Neely; MA; M.ed. 19 December 2011 Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology * There is a fine line when comparing normal and abnormal behavior. What appears to be abnormal is considered normal by others. Abnormal behaviors are defined as psychopathology, which relates to abnormal behavior that can be defined, classified, explains, and treated (Hansell & Damour, 2008). This paper will examine the origins of abnormal psychology, include challenges to defining and classifying normal and abnormal behavior, provide a brief overview of how abnormal psychology has evolved into a scientific discipline, and the last part will analyze the psychosocial, biological/medical, and socio-cultural theoretical models related to the development of abnormal psychology. When assessing a person with a mental health problems looking at factors such as feelings, thoughts, and behaviors can play a very important role. The origins of abnormal behavior started...
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...Psychology is a relativly new field in all of the sciences, only about 130 years old.(Ciccarelli,White, Psychology third edition) Some new theories have emerged because of dissatisfaction of older ones. As an outcome every system of psychology different motives and differing perspectives on what is fact and what is not, therfore the using of different research methods, tachniques and goals defines what each system views the truth. This will be eximined through the examples of Behaviorism and Psycoanalysis. Two different examples of psychology. Behaviorism and psycoanalisis both have evolved out of unique social and intellectual cvontexts. Psychoanalisis is arguably the most influential system of psychology. It was pioneered by Sigmond Freud in Vienna during the 19th century. During this time various social trends were in operation. These were the creation of the German School, anti-semitism and the role of woman is society. All of these things impacted Frteud for instance the German school provided the basis for his treatment situation and anti-sematic polices forced him into the medical profession. Freud was also influenced by several individuals, Josef Breuer, Jean-Martin Charcot and Rudolf Chrobak. All three of these individuals had radical views about the role of sex in neurotic disorders. For example Breurer once said that "neurotic disorders were always concered with secrets of the marital bed". These views were influenced Freud as did Breuers former patient Anna O. Through...
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...Internet and Society Shaneil Drummond Indian River State College PSY 2012 Professor Greene March 21, 2010 1,020 Words Abstract This essay will explain the usage of the internet and how society deals with it. The world known idea of suicide and cyber bullying have taken over the internet. The articles used to complete this essay are very informative about the person you may be on the internet versus the person you really are. Internet addiction is a well know idea but not a fully developed research. This essay also includes how the internet can create social vampires in society. Not knowing how to interact in real life but a internet sensation otherwise. The internet has become a worldwide phenomenon where everyone has access to almost everything on the web. The books and articles available online about the internet and the different views and ways to use it has help many people realize that the internet is not all that it is cracked up to be. An article illustrates the addiction people have had with the internet over the past decade and how it has impact adolescents and young adults. “Internet users can be considered addicted if he or she scores high on six criteria” (Brown, & Blinka, .2012, p382). The six criteria they mention were...
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...THE CONCEPT OF THE ‘PROTEAN’ CAREER Introduction: A protean career is a process which is self driven by a person for self fulfilment on her or his own choice. Her or His expectation is intrinsic satisfaction, especially psychological success. (Hall ,1976) This career is managed by the individuals, but not by the organisation .the protean career is shaped by the own needs, goals and values and is involved in frequently changes. 1. The importance of the protean career Today there is a big challenge of finding the labour market which could be adapted to the impact of ICT and globalised market. The traditional model should have been focused for changes that are ‘fit for purposes’ for career work in the twenty first century. During the late 1990s there was a trend of moving idea of a ‘career for life’ to navigate through a developing pathway. This can be called as an innovation of the traditional career. 2. Who found this concept of the Protean career One of the great metaphors for the job market of the future is the” protean career”. In 1976, a business professor Douglas Hall thought the idea of a protean career was just an emerging concept. Originally, the protean career was defined as “a process which the person, not the organisation, is managing. It consists of all the person’s varied experiences in education, training, work in several organizations, changes in occupational field, etc. The protean career is not what...
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...Emotions in Adolescents In adolescents their emotions are more complex at this age than any other age. The reason why is mainly they are going through puberty and have hormones that are going all over the place. Adolescence is often characterized as a time of emotional turbulence, hormonal changes, and teen rebellion against parents (Cooley, 2012). Most adolescents start having mixed emotions about their clothes, who they hang out with, and many more things in life. Emotions are defined as an instinctual, reflexive, or automatic reasoning (Cooley, 2012). When an adolescent experiences an emotion it involves a cognitive appraisal of a situation and subsequently appraisal influenced by their emotional experience. Emotions provide important social cue information, recalling experience and how to respond in social interactions. Emotions have three domains: Experience, Arousal, and Expression (Lanteigne, 2012). This is when adolescents learn to be more adaptive at managing their emotions to achieve social goals and masking emotional expression. For western popular culture adolescents emotions based on gender differences are widely held. Learning to express emotions is the key feature of healthy social emotional development (Chaplin, 2012). This paper is going to talk about the adolescents and their emotions and what roles that partake in everyday life for them. Explaining what affects the different roles in each gender as well. Emotions are a source of information and basis for...
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...The Australian Charter of Healthcare Rights (ACHR) was developed by Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care to provide a nationally agreed statement of the rights of the patient (Dunbar, 2009). According to ACHR (2008), everyone who is seeking or receiving the care in Australian Health has some rights regarding the nature of that care. The main objective of these rights is to make sure that care provided is of high quality and safety (Dunbar,2009). The Charter allows patients, consumers, families, carers, clinicians and services providing health care to share an understanding of the rights of people receiving care (Dunbar, 2009). The rights that are included in Charter are as follows: • Access: I have right to health care. • Safety: I have right to receive safe and high- quality care • Respect: I have right to be shown respect, dignity, and consideration. • Communication: I have right to be informed about the services, treatment, options and costs in clear and open way • Participation: I have right to be included in the decisions and choices about the care. • Privacy: I have the right to privacy and confidentiality of my personal information. • Comment: I have right to comment on my care and to have my concerns addressed (Australian Charter of Healthcare Rights, 2008) The purpose of this essay is to look at the evidence- based approaches to psychosocial intervention offer better respect and participation for a patient with Coronary Heart disease and...
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...Abstract. The purpose of this paper is three-fold. First, it is to highlight corporate scandals that have happened in Malaysia. Second, it is to discuss some major causes of these corporate scandals; and third, it is to recommend the possible actions and preventive measures to curb these scandals. 1. Introduction In the recent years, the public and business community have been surprised with the exposure of many corporate scandals and accounting fraud by the managers of the company. It disappoints many stakeholders as after the financial crisis in 1997, many efforts have been initiated and implemented to strengthen the business control and foundation of the company. One of the important lessons learned from the financial crisis in 1997 is the weaknesses in the governance of the company such as too much power is given to a single person in managing the company, weak internal control and poor work of the directors that leads to the failure of the company. Due to this, a total regulatory and governance were embarked all over the world. Just to name a few, in the US, the Sarbanese Oxley Act was established, while in the UK the Code of Corporate Governance was extensively revised to stop all these corporate diseases from spreading and becoming a cancer for the global business community. However, all this effort has seemed fruitless as after the heavy debate and discussion and huge struggle by the regulator and market administrator, these corporate scandals are still returning...
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...MARMA SHASTRA AYURVEDA BIOENERGETICS MARMA SHASTRA Ayurveda Bio-Energetics Written and Compiled by Michael James Hamilton, LAC Copyright © 2007; Michael James Hamilton, LAC 2nd Edition Copyright © 2011 All rights reserved. Reproduction of any kind without prior written permission of the compiler is prohibited. MARMASHASTRA ©2011 by Michael Hamilton, LAC. www.lotusspace.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I give gratitude to Dr. Suhas Kshirsagar and Dr. Thomas Yarema for their teachings; to my mother for her guidance; my readers for the hope to expand this knowledge; the ultimate reality for always being there even when I do not always realize it. dew rise clouds fall rain wash pain all MAHALO i MARMASHASTRA ©2011 by Michael Hamilton, LAC. www.lotusspace.com This work presents the human bio-energy model (anthropocosm: cosmic human being) as profoundly observed in Ayurvedic medicine. According to ancient Vedic texts (and later through Tantric and Taoist traditions), the energetic, or subtle, body is the foundation of the food, or coarse body, and the bridge between the physical and causal realms. Therefore, the structure of the subtle energetic body provides an intended means for human spiritual development, or evolution (which enables humanity to fulfill its purpose as a conduit between heaven and earth, hence transforming into an entity more subtle, and original). The text’s primary purpose is to present oriental bio-energetic theory, and second, to bridge...
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...| Improvement of Corporate Tax Audit: Factor of Increasing Tax Compliance in Malaysia | | Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Tax Compliance, Tax Evasion and Tax Audit…………………………………………………….4 Tax Audit in Malaysia…………………………………………………………………………….6 Organization Structure…………………………………………………………………………….8 Tax Audit Process…………………………………………………………………………………9 Tax Audit: Constraints and Problems……………………………………………………………11 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………..16 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….18 References……………………………………………………………………………………….19 Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………...20 Executive Summary The Malaysian tax system follows the concept of self-assessment system (SAS). Under the SAS, the government trusts and gives taxpayers full responsibility to calculate, to pay and to report their tax due on their own. The success of SAS not only depends on the good tax administration but also depends on the taxpayer awareness, which is indicated by the taxpayer compliance in fulfilling his obligation. In order to enhance the level of tax compliance, the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM) considers that it can be achieved by law enforcement besides tax consultation and tax service. Law enforcement comprises of tax audit, tax investigation and tax collection. Tax audit becomes important since it can cause a deterrent effect to increase taxpayer compliance. Tax audit plays an important role in determining the...
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...A Study of Motivation: How to Get Your Employees Moving SPEA Honors Thesis Spring 2012 Indiana University Kelli Burton Management May 2012 Faculty Advisor: Cheryl Hughes May 2012 Page | 1 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Personal Introduction 4 Topic Introduction 4 Research Methods 5 Definition of Motivation 6 Theories of Motivation 7 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 7 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory 9 The Four Motivations 11 PERMA Model 14 Example of Motivation 15 Financial 16 Non-Financial 19 Implications for Managers 25 Conclusion 30 Resources 32 Abstract Most employers today would like to have their employee’s motivated and ready to work, but do not understand what truly motivates a person. Companies could be more efficient if the employees had an invested interest in the future of the company. There are essential needs to be met for a person, specifically an employee, to succeed in the workplace. I will examine different theories of motivations, how they are relevant to the workplace, and how employers can implement the theories to ensure happy and motivated employees. The most important theories include: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Herzberg’s two-factor theory, Aristotle’s seven causes, and the different types of motivation. Each theory is related in the fact that there are needs for all people to meet. Every employee is at a different stage in their lives, which requires different management techniques...
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...ANELINA YASENOVA BAEVA ONLINE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR WEB EXPERIENCE ELEMENTS IN ONLINE CLOTHING MARKET September 2011 MASTER THESIS IN MARKETING ONLINE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR Web Experience Elements in Online Clothing Market Student: Anelina Yasenova Baeva Supervisor: Professor Doctor Arnaldo Fernandes Matos Coelho September, 2011 ONLINE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR – Web Experience Elements in Online Clothing Market Abstract Online shopping in EU has been shown to be a good potential market. Clothing represents a high percent of the individuals shopping. Buying clothes online gives customers the opportunity to find a great variety of products, customers can review a wide selection of products and find special offers with the best deals online. However, the tangible and intangible problems of clothing online shopping still exist and the online store retailers lack the customer knowledge in some extent. Therefore, the intention of the thesis is to explore customer behavior when purchasing clothing online through investigating the factors that can affect online consumer`s attitudes, intention and actual consumers` behavior. The study investigates the main web - experience factors that customer takes into consideration when purchasing clothes online. Yet, the most important online elements are categorized in two main groups: customer - oriented factors and technology - oriented factors. The autor used quantitave research in term of survey to analyze the consumer`s attitutes towards the web...
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...A Study of Motivation: How to Get Your Employees Moving SPEA Honors Thesis Spring 2012 Indiana University Kelli Burton Management May 2012 Faculty Advisor: Cheryl Hughes May 2012 Page | 1 Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Personal Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 Topic Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 Research Methods ........................................................................................................................... 5 Definition of Motivation ................................................................................................................. 6 Theories of Motivation ................................................................................................................... 7 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs .................................................................................................... 7 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory .................................................................................................. 9 The Four Motivations ............................................................................................................... 11 PERMA Model .............
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