...Arbasak 4/6/14 Peru The first inhabitants of Peru were nomadic hunter-gatherers who lived in caves in Peru's coastal regions. Though Peru was home to many diverse indigenous cultures throughout its history, Peru is famous for the Incan culture. When someone thinks about the past of Peru, the first thought for many is Inca civilization. Peru is also well known for its archaeological wealth. Many archaeologists find Peru’s ancient sites and cultures as endlessly fascinating equal to places like Mexico, Egypt, and the Mediterranean. Peru is still very rich in its old cultural architecture, seeing these sites are very rewarding. It's the multiple layers of great civilizations that make Peru so fascinating. Cobblestone streets preserve the era of the Conquistadors, the ruins of the lost city of Machu Pichu remind travelers of the once mighty Inca Empire, and the mysterious Nazca lines that remain unexplained today. Machu Pichu is one of the great wonders of the world and its surprised me how high the mountains peak. It sits 7,970 feet (2,430 meters) above sea level on the eastern slope of the Andes and overlooks the Urubamba River hundreds of feet below. Peru is located on South America's central Pacific coast. It is the twentieth-largest nation in the world, and borders Bolivia, Brazil, and Chile, Colombia and Ecuador. Lima is the capital of Peru and is located on the central coast. The size of Peru is 1,326,074 square kilometers (512,000 square miles) so Peru is about the size...
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...HISTORY The history of Peru spans several millennia. Peruvian territory was home to the Norte Chico civilization, one of the oldest in the world, and to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. It was conquered by the Spanish Empire in the 16th century, which established a Viceroyalty with jurisdiction over most of its South American domains. Independence was declared in 1821 but consolidated only after the Battle of Ayacucho, three years later. GEOGRAPHY Peru is a country on the central western coast of South America. Peru covers 1,285,220 km² (496,193 sq mi). It neighbors Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the southeast, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west CLIMATE The combination of tropical latitude, various mountain ranges, topography variations and two ocean currents (Humboldt and El Niño) gives Peru a large diversity of climates. DEMOGRAPHY Peru is a multicultural and multiethnic country. Peruvian census does not contain information about ethnicity so only rough estimates are available. Its population can be composed of Amerindians: 45%, mestizos: 37%, European: 15%, and Asians, Afro-Peruvians, and others: 3%.[1]. Amerindians are found in the southern Andes, though a large portion are also to be found in the southern and central coast due to the massive internal labor migration from remote Andean regions to coastal cities,during the past four decades. While the Andes are the "heart" of the indigenous...
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...Essay about Peru (Final Version) By: John Warren Professor: Dr. Smith ENG 090 November, 13, 2012 Peru I was born in Peru; I lived there when I was a kid, I enjoyed living in this beautiful country; the life is very different than it is in United States, people are happier and closer than Americans. Other thing that I like is the night life; Peruvians like to dance salsa, you will see a lot of people in the night clubs every weekend. One of my favorite places is The Pizza Street (la calle de las pizzas); at this place you will find the perfect combination of restaurants and night clubs. Anytime I go to Peru, my friends and I always go to parties and have fun, I would like to go back to live, it’s a lot of jobs for bilingual people, things are not too expensive, and the economy is very stable now. In Lima there is a lot of Chinese food which is called chifa (several thousand Chinese restaurants in Lima) which is not the typical Chinese restaurants that we have in America, and fast food restaurants from around the world. In Lima we eat a lot of fish and rice. In the mountains they eat a lot of potatoes. In Cuzco they eat cuy (fried guinea pig) but that is not common in Lima. The Supermarkets are pretty wow, with everything you can imagine, and most things they have for tasting, including the alcohol. Still, there are no flavored chips, for some reason, Peru has not picked up the idea of flavored potato chips, which really is beyond me. But, the chocolate is good. Clothes...
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...Peru Boom Spurs Growth of Middle Class (Assignment 1) Michael Davis SOC 300 January 3, 2012 Professor Ruben E. Saroukhanian Peru Boom Spurs Growth of Middle Class Peru is a middle country in Latin America; it was not one of the superrich or really poor countries. Now Peru is one the fastest growing Latin countries; in the city of El Salvador which uses to be known for indigenous Peruvians is now a mega city. This city has all the bells and whistle, the main attraction is the Mega Plaza Express shopping center. The Mega Plaza Express shopping center has movies, dinner, lights, electronic stores and much more; the local’s lover the current scene and life the city has now. Over the last couple of years the price of gold and copper has raise and the demand has become very popular with Asian countries. “The Andean country’s gross domestic product rose 6.7 percent year on year in October 2012, marking 38 consecutive months of growth” (Schipani, 2013). Peru growth has notice a letdown in 2010 to 8.8 but that has not stop Peru from becoming one of the top growing Latin American countries. “Sales in 2012 topped $5.3 billion, an increase of 20 percent over the previous year. The increase was due not only to the existence of centers such as Mega Plaza Express” (Schipani, 2013). The Peruvians average $2 dollars a person in his or her pocket has reduced to 28 percent over the last ten years. One of the goals of the Peru President is to reduce/cut poverty to least then 15 percent...
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...genocide is the Peru genocide which happened many many years ago. The Peru genocide was not a well known genocide but it was still very important to Peru and it's surroundings. The genocide had many important factors and caused world reactions because of it. The Peru genocide was led by Jose Gabriel Tupac Amaru who was known as Tupac Amaru II. He was the leader of the genocide against the Spanish in Peru. The Peru genocide wasn't successful but Tupac went on in his life to being apart of Peru's struggle for their country's independence. The Peru genocide was known as Tupacs rebellion and was one of his many uprisings. The Peru genocide was about Tupac calling for an alliance among native whites, mestizos, and indigenous people against European-born Spaniards. Tupac Amaru's genocide became mainly indigenous and completely out of control. The rebellions of Americanos against Spaniards could easily become more wars against the entire white ruling class. Native-born whites in Mexico and Peru were among the last on the continent to embrace the patriot cause during the wars of independence(Tupac Amaru...). The genocide happened many years ago. While Tupac Amaru II was captured and executed in 1781, the rebellion continued for at least another year under other leaders. The beginning of the genocide was 1780 and officially ended in the end of 1781. The genocide for Tupac was not successful. The Peru genocide happened in Peru and upper Peru. Upper Peru is now known...
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...Culture is the aquired knowledge that people use to interpret, experience, and generate social behavior. Culture is learned by viewing beliefs and customs within the culture and we extrapolate meaning systems by observing what people do, what they say, and the artifacts people use. In class, we studied Peru's culture through college students at USIL, a university in Lima. We were able to talk to them through video,e-mail, and chat discussion. My partner was Fiorella and from her I learned many things about her culture: College life, family tradition, religion, meaning of life, stereoytpes, and predjudices. From talking to Fiorella, I found that some things about the university in Lima were similar and some were different to the college life here in Greenville, North Carolina. On our first linking day I was able to chat with Fiorella about college. Most students live close to the university or about fifteen to twenty minutes away with their parents. I found out that have the same break between classes as we do here at East Carolina University. From when class ends, Lima students are given ten minutes to get from class to class just like here. From chatting with Fiorella and her classmates, a majority of the students were majoring in tourism and business management. Lima has started to attract more tourist which has increased the country's income, so tourism and like hotel management have been considered demanding jobs. Along with college, comes parties...
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...are ill-luck. | Make Eye Contact: Although Peruvians favor indirect styles of communication with words, they favor direct eye contact which creates an atmosphere of trust and respect. | Personal bubble: Be aware that Peruvians tend to speak closer to whom they wish they speak with than Americans are used to. Kisses on the cheek and speaking very closely are normal. | Small talk: Small talk helps establish a base for the relationship. Business matters should follow, but allow your host to initiate the business conversation first. | First names: Only use first names when the other party has invited you to do so. If you haven't, use other formal ways to address them. | "DO" conversation topics: Soccer, family, places to visit in Peru, and local food. | "DON'T" conversation topics: Politics, religion, terrorists, and a person's ancestry. | Bring a gift: If invited to a Peruvian home, it is appropriate to bring flowers (avoid black & purple), wine, good quality liquor, or chocolates. Wrap your gifts and expect that they may be opened right away. | Taboos: Don't refuse dinner invitations, don't refuse to eat something when you're the guest, don't put your feet on a chair, desk, or table, don't put your elbows on the table while eating, don't place your...
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...Although Peru is an overlooked and neglected country, it is very thought-provoking area with many differents interesting facts. The location and size of Peru influence its climate and regions. As you may tell Peru is a very diverse area with different types of climate and a variety of plants. Peru is named one of the top countries in the World to have such diverse regions. People in peru are very traditional with very little technology in rural areas, but changes in population and business as you get into the urban areas. Peru also has many similar government jobs and branches as the United States does. Did you know that Peru has one of the most diverse regions in South America and in the whole word? The location and the size of Peru influence...
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...…………………………………………………………... 14 REFERENCES …………………………………………………………..……….. 15-17 WORD COUNT Part 1: 2310 Part 2: 939 Total: 3249 WORD COUNT Part 1: 2310 Part 2: 939 Total: 3249 INTRODUCTION Peru is a dynamic, fast-growing South American economy poised for success in international markets. Some of Peru’s flagship export products are coffee and asparagus, but in recent years, it is an emerging producer of New World wines. Peru’s wine market supply is around 45 million litres, an increase of almost 10 million litres from five years ago (USDA, 2014). Peruvian climate is ideal for cultivation of grapes with strong character, where majority of its vineyards are concentrated on the Central coast. The wine industry is Peru has promising prospects for a foreign business investment, due to growing domestic consumption and global demand for high-quality and affordable wines. ………... PORTER’S NATIONAL DIAMOND ANALYSIS ………... 1.1 Factor Conditions 1.1.1 Physical Resources Andean soils are relatively young and are subject to erosion by water and winds because of the land gradient. The soil composition is loose sandy loam with high salinity (FAO, 2006). The coastal region of Peru is desert, intersected by valleys flowing from the Andes down to the sea. Peru has a per capita availability of 68,321m3 from 159...
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...Running head: PERU AND CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT Peru and Capital Development Abstract During the 2006 election of Alan Garcia Perez, promised to improve the social condition and commanded a balance of the economic spending with an increase of social spending. With a macroeconomic performance that had increased the GDP growth and help to lower the poverty levels. Even though the economic crisis produced a strain on the financial burden of Peru at the time, the prices have begun to drop and Peruvians are proactively recovering their loses. The land is still being dominated by the elites and the higher class of mezitos. These governed entities remain in control of the structures and industries within the country. Peru and Capital Development In 1996, Republic of Peru was the world largest coca leaf producer, however as time has generated a smaller dip in the economic system, Peru is now the world’s second largest producer of coca leaf. While, Peru lags far behind Columbia; cultivation of coca in Peru declined to 36,000 hectares in 2007. With an estimated yearly rate of growth of 9.8% (U.S. Department of State), Peru continues to struggles to keep up through economic hardship and the rift of the trade. Republic of Peru is plagued with environmental issues concerning the deforestation due impart to illegal logging, overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion, desertification, air pollution, water pollution. Most of the problems are due to the natural...
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...Have you ever thought about taking a visit to a Spanish- speaking country? Perhaps you should consider Peru. Peru, located in western South America, may not be as minor and unnotable as you think. As an example, this country and its ancient peoples hold records in the Pre-Columbian America. Its North Chico civilization, for instance, is one of the most ancient communities in the world. Adding to that, the Incan Empire used to be the most immense state within Latin America in the 1400s. This essay will discuss three aspects of Peru's culture that would hopefully encourage you go there. Peru celebrates their independence, just like the United States. Fiesta Patrias, which takes place on July 28th, and 29, honors Simon Bolivar as a national hero. Many streets and school bear his name, for he assisted significantly in freeing Peru from Spanish grasp. However, he did not only liberate Peru. This man was revered and distinguished throughout Latin America. Other countries he made free include Ecuador and Venezuela. The holiday is celebrated through food, music, costumes, and flags that are displayed everywhere. As a result, this national day in Peru is just like the one here in the United States. Every nation in the world has its own unique dance, and in this case, Peru’s most popular dance is called La Marinera. This is a romantic and elegant dance in which white handkerchiefs are used as props. Boys wear a poncho and a hat, and on the other hand, females wear a simple and typical...
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...this, we were able to estimate future economic performance between the selected countries and narrow the constricted consideration set. Moreover, the economic indicators used for this analysis were the following: foreign direct investment (helps predict investors’ confidence level), manufacturing export (positively correlated with commercial construction), Real GDP growth (overall representation of an economic growth), GDP per capita using purchasing power parity (representative indicator of consumer purchasing power), currency fluctuation (significant for trade credit), and corruption level (important for analyzing perceived levels of public sector corruption). Based on the macro economic analysis, the top three promising economies were Peru, Ecuador and Panama- all the economic data used for the macro economic analysis was obtained from the World Bank Database. Once we obtained the top three nations, we conducted a...
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...Peru, officially the Republic of Peru is a country located on the western side of South America, whose territory borders the Pacific Ocean to the west and bounded on the north with Ecuador, northeastern Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia and southern Chile. It has a complex geography is dominated by the elevations of the Andes and the Pacific currents, which makes the climates and landscapes as widely varied as the desert coast, the highlands of the high Andes and the rainforest of the Amazon basin, all environments that shape the country as a land of great variety of natural resources. The heterogeneity of geographic and climatic rigors of the country led to the first settlers early Peruvians to the twelfth millennium B.C. to adapt by developing one of the widest range of cultural traditions, as the oldest civilization of Caral that five thousand years ago, around the production cycles of each region, many of which resulted in a regional theocratic states. In early second century B.C., states began to be played, by periods, control of the peoples of the Andes. By the sixteenth century, the later and vast domain of these states, the Inca Empire was annexed by the Spanish conquerors with the support of dissident ethnic groups to Inca. The Spanish crown had established a viceroyalty that included most of its South American colonies. In 1821 the country became independent, basing a state that was immersed in internal and external conflict periods alternating...
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...Caral - A Complexity State in Peru A long time ago, there are a lot of complexity states all around world, especially in Peru, and all of them had many things in common. Today, I will write about one of these complexity states which reflected the same states in Peru - Caral. It is a society which had no agriculture or pottery but it still develop well by trading. Trade helps the people in a state survive better in a society. Caral is a society two hundred far away from the South Pacific Ocean but the people in Caral still can eat the fish from the South Pacific Ocean. Since the people of Caral made a big innovation about planting cotton by using the irrigation, the people in Caral used cotton nets for the fishermen who sent fish as payment. The exchange between fishes and cotton nets clearly shows that Caral engaged in trade. And this trade helps Caral develop better and better. This situation not only happens in Caral. In ancient China, there is not any transportation between towns, so it is not easy for the development of trade. Due to the restriction of trade, ancient Chinese people have a long time life of self-sufficiency. And this is also a reason why ancient China is an agriculture country. However, after Tang Dynasty, the emperor began to improve the transportation and technology such as shipbuilding greatly developed the trade. And China became more and more powerful until Qing Dynasty. Therefore, trading is a good way to develop both society and people's...
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...Pyramids in Peru The pyramids in Peru were thought to be between 4,400-4,600 years old and some people say it is the oldest city in the Americas. The pyramids of Peru are 1 of 6 civilizations with pyramids. Even the civilization that supposedly built them lacked ceramics, writing and apparently had almost no art, yet they somehow build these amazing pyramids. Caral complex didn't build the original pyramids made out of many layered rocks. This civilization built these pyramids and buried them and left them for somebody to find without knowing what they meant. For example, the mysterious mounds that litter the Ohio valley are attributed to local Natives but the Indians themselves saying they never built the mounds and that a lost race had built...
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