...SOUTH AFRICA HISTORY In the history of South Africa, the earliest known settlers of the country were the San and Khoekhoe people, collectively known as Khoisan. They were two distinct cultural groups. The first Europeans to arrive in South Africa were the Portuguese Seafarers who initiated the sea route to India in 1488. They were soon followed by other Europeans since the late 16 th century In 1815, the British took permanent control of the Cape colony and brought in more settlers In 1910 South Africa got freedom from the British rule.The Union of South Africa was formed on 31 May 1910. The National Party came into power in 1948 and devised a harsh system of segregation known as apartheid. This system gave rise to Black hostility and resistance worldwide, resulting in the formation of African National Congress (ANC) in 1912, an anti-apartheid organization. In 1960, the ANC was banned and in 1964 Nelson Mandela, the leader of the African National Congress was sentenced to life imprisonment. In April, 1994, South Africa had their first democratic election which was won by the ANC and on 10 May, 1994, Nelson Mandela became the country's first Black president. Freedom Day is the official Independence Day of South Africa , it is celebrated on 27th of April every year GOVERNMENT TYPE The Republic of South Africa is a federal state comprising of a national government and nine provincial governments. The constitution of South Africa was adopted in 1996 and implemented...
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...ICOSAMP – The Information Core for Southern African Migrant Pests Margaret Powell1 1ICOSAMP Co-ordinator, Agricultural Research Council – Plant Protection Research Institute, P/Bag X134, Pretoria 0001, South Africa (Contact: icosamp@ecoport.org). Abstract Migrant pests such as locusts, armyworm, and Quelea birds, annually plague the southern African region, and in some years have been known to cause devastating damage to food crops within member countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). As these pests are highly mobile and often cross political boundaries, communication and collaboration between neighbouring countries is vital with respect to forecasting, monitoring, and controlling these outbreaks. ICOSAMP, endorsed by SADC and funded by the UK Department for International Development, has established a regional network of information officers who submit monthly reports on the status of migrant pests in their country to the ICOSAMP co-ordinator. This close interaction between national Ministries of Agriculture, Plant Protection Institutes, and NGO’s, not only highlights potential areas at risk from migrant pests, but also provides a platform for technical co-operation and sharing of research information. The provision of early warning of impending cross-border invasions prevents the uncontrolled spread of migratory pests, thus reducing the impact of these pests on the food security of the region. ICOSAMP utilises modern technology...
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...on discipline "International Management" The study of marketing environment on the example of South Africa Fulfilled: Kulikov Evgeny Group 2/5591 3rd year Faculty VSHEM Leader: Ph. D. in Economics, docent Grishchenko T. Saint-Petersburg 2012 Contents Contents 2 Economic inspection in South Africa 3 The New Growth Path and Industrial Policy Action Plan 8 Investment promotion and facilitation 12 South Africa’s investment landscape 16 Government management of incentives program 19 Catalogue of incentives 20 About PEST and SWOT 22 PEST analysis 23 SWOT Analysis: 26 Соnclusion 28 Sources 30 Economic inspection in South Africa Trade and investment policies are critical for addressing the development challenges of Africa and achieving sustainable economic growth for the region. EDIP's work is broadly divided into three streams: (1) Research on global economic governance in order to understand the broader impact on the region and identifying options for Africa in its participation in the international financial system. (2) Issues analysis to unpack key multilateral (World Trade Organisation), regional and bilateral trade negotiations. It also considers unilateral trade policy issues lying outside of the reciprocal trade negotiations arena as well as the implications of regional economic integration in Southern Africa and beyond. (3) Exploration of linkages between traditional trade policy debates and other sustainable...
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...Twelve reasons for Africa to reject GM crops Zachary Makanya | 25 July 2004 Zachary Makanya Africa is in danger of becoming the dumping ground for the struggling GM industry and the laboratory for frustrated scientists. The proponents of GM technology sell a sweet message of GM crops bringing the second green revolution and the answer to African hunger, but a closer look makes it clear that GM crops have no place in African agriculture. The push to bring genetically modified (GM) crops into African agriculture is not letting up, even as (and partly because) the GM industry is faltering in much of the world. A growing list of organizations, networks and lobby groups with close ties to the GM industry are working to promote GM agriculture on the continent. GM crops are so far only commercially available in South Africa, but there have been field trials in Kenya, Egypt and Burkina Faso, and also in Senegal and Zimbabwe where there was no public knowledge or regulatory oversight. At least12 African countries are carrying out research on GM crops, including Egypt, Uganda, Morocco, Nigeria, Tunisia and Cameroon, and a long list of GM crops are in the pipeline for introduction in various African countries (see map). There's also concern that GM crops are coming in by way of food imports and seed smuggling, even for countries that have taken measures to prevent imports of GM food, such as Zambia, Angola, Sudan, and Benin. In short, Africa is in danger of becoming the...
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...Question 1 3 PEST analysis 3 Porter’s 5 forces 5 Question 2 6 Michael Porter's Generic Competitive Strategies 6 Threshold Resources 7 Core Resources 7 Question 3 8 Ansoff Matrix 8 Market penetration 9 Product development and Market development 9 Organic development 10 Question 4 10 Johnson and Scholes framework of Suitability, Feasibility and Acceptability 11 SABMiller’s strategic priorities: 11 Constraint of acquisitions 13 Reference 14 Question 1 Using information exclusively from the European Brewing Industry and SABMiller cases as supplied and appropriate models from the course analyse the external environment in which SABMiller operated in 2010. After conducted a series of cross broader mergers and acquisitions SABMiller successfully become the second largest brewer by volume in the world. SABMiller is now operating worldwide: Latin America, Europe, North America, Africa, Asia, and South Africa. Nevertheless, the environmental condition and potential of growth vary between each region (Blee and Whittington, 2010). European brewing industry was one of the world’s major beer consumption regions. Recent years, the market has come into mature stage of the industry life cycle and demand is now decreasing (Euromonitor, 2010). PEST analysis and Porter five forces model are the appropriate methods to evaluate external environment on European Brewing Industry (Johnson, 2002). PEST analysis ...
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...Nissan Pest Analysis PEST Analysis The PEST model aims to examine the external environment of Nissan, which in this case is the automobile industry. We will particularly expand on the political, economic, social and technological aspects. The political environment of the automobile industry encompasses government regulations such as corporate tax and international trade regulations. Worldwide, cars are subjected to corporate tax by the government of approximately 6%. For instance, in Mexico, it is 6.25% (Internal Revenue Service). If the government alters these taxes, it would directly affect the cost of Nissan’s vehicles and thus affect demand of those specific countries. Furthermore, governments impose international trade regulations on imports so to keep their deficit in control (imports – exports). Not all automobile companies have a manufacturing plant in the country they sell to. For example, the US government taxed the US customers with a ‘chicken tax’ of 25% on all Nissan vehicles before the manufacturing plants opened in Smyrna, Canton and Decherd. Even though Nissan has a wide dispersion of manufacturing plants: 36 in 19 countries, it sells its cars to a total of 123 countries. This clearly depicts that Nissan exports to a lot more countries than it manufactures in thus concluding that a change in foreign trade regulations will also along with corporate tax greatly impact Nissan’s demand and revenue. Moving on to the Economic aspect of the automobile industry...
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...This research is to analysis the macro-environment of the SADC. In order to expand the business into SADC, we can use the PEST analysis to analysis the external environment of the place. The aim of this research is to make a analysis before expand the business to SADC. Political factor which found in this research is the unquestioned and automatic dominance of SADC by former independence and liberation struggle movements has come to an end as a result of the growth of strong opposition parties in such countries as Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Angola. The parties that fought for independence in Zambia and Malawi have lost power to new parties that believe in multiparty. The civic society in Southern Africa has grown extremely strong and has become highly visible in the last few years. Economic factor is among several of the SADC countries include: small domestic markets, landlocked locations, linked infrastructure networks, and reliance on a few primary commodity exports. South Africa exports five times as much other SADC countries as it imports from them, and has bilateral surpluses with each of them. SADC becomes a dominant economy, South Africa, which constitutes about 20% of the population but 70% of the regional aggregate GDP. The economic performance recorded by SADC's economies since the early 1990s has not been sufficient to contribute to poverty alleviation at a large scale. For the social factor, HIV disease represents a main concern in the SADC Agenda. It’s affecting...
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...The Nutria Rats Effects on Louisiana Louisiana’s rich culture has had many outside factors impact and helps form the culture and society that makes Louisiana so great today. One of these factors included foreigners traveling to Louisiana for a new way of life- many traveled from Canada, France, Germany, Spain, and Africa. Having all of these cultures has caused Louisiana to be different in many ways such as foods, festivals, and art. Which has made it very popular for tourist to come and explore other cultures. Another factor on Louisiana culture is the animals and habit that populate this area such as the swamp and wetlands. There are multiple creatures that thrive in these ecosystems like alligators, cranes, crawfish, and the plants that make up the marsh. Some of these animals are very popular and have become the face of Louisiana. Crawfish are ate often throughout the state and alligators have been made known from reality television shows that hunt them. But not all animals in...
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...CHAPTER ONE GENERAL BACKGOUND OF STUDY 1. Introduction In all societies, agriculture occupies an important position in the lives of the people. Generally, the economic growth of any nation is anchored on the capacity of its agriculture production. Man indeed strives for survival in any place he finds himself. By so doing, he fined himself in agricultural activities of which groundnut production is significant as a vital aspect of human agricultural activities. It has not only provided food for the teeming population but has indeed offered employment and capital in terms of cash to farmers. It is also a source of foreign exchange to most economics. And it feeds the industrial sector with raw materials. The African continent like any continent in the world is dominated by agricultural activities. In fact, the pre-colonial era were pre-dominated by the production of food crop mainly for subsistence purpose. However, the economy later changed from mere consumption to commercial production, which marks the beginning of cash crop production as a source of raw materials to support metropolitan industries. In Europe immediately after the Second World War, there was a phenomena increase in the export trade of which in turn increase the incomes of both peasant farmers and local traders1. As a result, crop like cocoa, palm oil, rubber, cotton, soybeans and groundnut were introduced into the colonial agricultural crops. By implication, food production was ignored and commercial cash productions...
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...Utilities Industry: ATCO Power in South Africa BU606 – Economics Group 7 Amanda Downey - 125824690 Ahmed Youssef - 135819900 Alex Zorzitto - 135823380 Tom Vandemoortele - 135824330 Wafik Moussa - 135808970 Word Count = 2,832 (including titles and citations) Contents 1.0 Executive Summary 3 2.0 Electrical Power Utilities Industry in South Africa 4 2.1 Why South Africa? 4 2.2 Environmental Analysis 4 2.2.1 Social Economic and Political Considerations 4 2.2.2 Macroeconomic Trends 5 2.2.3 Aspects of International Trade/Investment 5 2.2.4 Competition Analysis 6 2.2.5 Market Structure and Firm Entry 6 3.0 Opportunity, Issues and Recommended Strategy 7 3.1 Opportunity Description 7 3.2 ATCO Power Current Strategy: Strengths and Weaknesses 7 3.3 Risk Factors in South African Market 8 3.4 Financial Analysis 8 3.5 Recommended Strategy and Entry Mode 9 4.0 Implementation Plan 9 4.1 Immediate Action Plan: 6 Month 9 4.2 Short Term: 1 Year 10 4.3 Long Term 10 4.4 Contingency Plan 10 5.0 References 11 6.0 Exhibits 13 1.0 Executive Summary ATCO Power is yearning to achieve its global expansion goal and establish itself as an industry leading, reliable and environmentally responsible provider of cost-effective solutions for customers and partners worldwide. In search for an investment opportunity in the underserved market in Africa potential target countries were identified based on electricity demand growth trends, production...
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...herbicides and pesticides. Monsanto faces industry competition from companies like DuPont, Bayer Crop Science AG, and Syngenta. The company needs to continue to advance seed technology, maintain open dialogue with the concerned public regarding the safety of its products, and branch into new markets to maintain revenues. Strengths 1. Advanced Technology: To help farmers get the most of each acre Monsanto utilizes advanced breeding techniques, biotechnology, and improved agronomic practices. Monsanto invests large amounts of money in research and development to deliver superior seed products to farmers. 2. Diversified operations: Geographically Monsanto is established throughout North America and has a strong presence in South America, Africa, Asia, Australia and Europe. Internally, Monsanto has two main divisions. Seed and Genomics handles soybeans, corn, wheat, cotton, fruits and vegetables. Agricultural Productivity handles Roundup and other agriculture products. 3. Strong Brand Portfolio: According to the company (2015), “Monsanto offers a wide range of corn, soybean, cotton, wheat, canola, sorghum and sugar cane seeds. These products are...
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...turns white in the winter. The snowshoe rabbit also has a fur that turns white in the winter. The wolverine is able to mate during ideal conditions by delayed implantation in which they suspend dormant fertilized eggs until the conditions are ideal for bearing their young. Rainforests are the most diverse having more than 15 million species living in the biome. The rainforest biome is sometimes separated into two different biomes. They are referred to as tropical and temperate. The tropical rainforests are located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. More than half are in Latin America and about a third are in Brazil. The rest are in Southeast Asia and West Africa. Temperate rainforests are located along the Pacific Coast of North America stretching from Oregon to Alaska and in South America along the coast of Chile. They are other small areas found along the coasts of Australia, United Kingdom,...
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...The Columbian Exchange is the exchange of plants, animals, disease, and technologies from America to anywhere in the world through voyages (Bulliet, 478). The Atlantic World was made up of four continents North America, South America, Europe, and Africa (American World Lecture). Plants were a major product for exchange on the Columbian Exchange. Some of the plants traded from Southern Europe to America include Wheat, olives grapes, and garden vegetables. There was also plant being traded from Africa and Asia those crops include rice, bananas, coconuts, breadfruit, and sugar (Bulliet, 479). Experts came up with the statistics that state the population after 1700 was caused by the spread of these crops (Bulliet, 480) Another key item of trade was animals. Those animals include cattle, pigs, horses, and sheep (Bulliet, 480). Old World livestock spread the fastest in areas where environmental changes were intense. Of all the animals traded the horses had the greatest effect on the native people (Bulliet, 480). Along with all the benefits in the trading of animals also came consequences. Some of those Consequences include the spread of pest for example rats and rabbits, that reproduce at a rapid rate...
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...They produced spectacular increases in yield and their success was characterized as the "Green Revolution". Effects of the Green Revolution The Green Revolution helped to reduce widespread poverty, averting hunger for millions of people. However the Green Revolution also spurred its share of negative consequences, often not because of the technology itself but rather, because of the policies that were used to promote rapid intensification of agricultural systems and increase food supplies. According to Pingali (2012) Africa was the main exception to the success of the Green Revolution in the developing world. During the Green Revolution, the demand for intensification in Africa was quite low because land was relatively abundant. Farmers had little incentive to intensify land use because there was no incentive to save on land costs. In the 1960s and 1970s, national and international programs sought to short cut the varietal improvement process in sub-Saharan Africa by introducing unsuitable crop varieties from Asia and Latin America. This pattern remained until the 1980s, when more suitable varieties finally became available, based on research specifically targeted to...
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...Soil Protection in South Africa. Soil protection is the protection and management of the quality of soil. It is all about solving the problems of land degradation. It can further be defined as the combination of the appropriate land use and management practices that promote the productive and sustainable use of soils and in the process minimise soil erosion and other forms of land degradation. 3.2.10 Causes of soil degradation in South Africa. Erosion. Erosion is the detachment and transportation of soil materials by wind or water. Soil erosion is a major problem of agriculture in South Africa. Soil erosion is a natural process but it becomes a serious problem when the activities of humans accelerate the process of its occurence. Land degradation caused by soil erosion causes the loss of fertile topsoil and reduces soil productivity. Researches have shown that over 70% of the soil in South Africa has been affected by one form of soil erosion or the other. The annual soil loss due to soil erosion in South Africa is estimated at 300 – 400 million tonnes for each hectare of land. South Africa loses an average of 20 tonnes of soil for each tonne of agricultural products produced. Soil erosion can be caused by water and, or wind. The effects of these factors on the soil are determined by the speed and the soil cover at the time of occurence. It is estimated that 25% of the country is covered by soil that is susceptible to wind erosion. These include the sandy soils in the...
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