...Packet Filtering Index Should arriving packet be allowed in? Should a departing packet be let out? Filter packet-by-packet, making decisions to forward/drop a packet based on: Functions of Packet Filter Control: Allow only those packets that you are interested in to pass through. Security: Reject packets from malicious outsiders Watchfulness: Log packets to/from outside world In a software firewall, packet filtering is done by a program called a packet filter. The packet filter examines the header of each packet based on a specific set of rules, and on that basis, decides to prevent it from passing (called DROP) or allow it to pass (called ACCEPT). There are three ways in which a packet filter can be configured, once the set of filtering rules has been defined. In the first method, the filter accepts only those packets that it is certain are safe, dropping all others. This is the most secure mode, but it can cause inconvenience if legitimate packets are inadvertently dropped. In the second method, the filter drops only the packets that it is certain are unsafe, accepting all others. This mode is the least secure, but is causes less inconvenience, particularly in casual Web browsing. In the third method, if the filter encounters a packet for which its rules do not provide instructions, that packet can be quarantined, or the user can be specifically queried concerning what should be done with it. This can be inconvenient if it causes numerous dialog boxes to appear...
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...In Ethics, The Heart of Leadership, Michael Keeley argues against transformational leadership. He believes that the only to prevent harm done to the minorities by the majorities is “to keep majorities from uniting around a common interest – the reverse of what transformational leaders are supposed to do” (Ethics, 124). In general, I agree with Keeley. He attributes this idea to James Madison, although other scholars have disagreed about Madison’s true options. I will not enter the dispute about Madison’s ideas and opinions; that would be an exercise in history. Rather, I will discuss the content of the argument: whether transformational leadership harms minorities. Other issues, such as the effectiveness of transformational leadership and other ethical implications of the leadership types are beyond the scope of this paper and will not be discussed. To clearly present the issue, I will first define the two types of leadership. The definition of transactional leadership is quite intuitive. This type describes the interaction between leader and follower as a transaction. This is akin to the factor market studied in economics; a follower agrees to serve the leader in return for some sort of incentive. This could be a wage if it is in business, or perhaps just a feeling of accomplishment in a volunteer situation. Transformational leadership, which has been researched for the last 25 years, runs much deeper than the previous type. With transformational leadership, “the...
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...How far were Mao's agricultural policies responsible for the scale of the Great Famine in China, 1958-1962? Mao's agricultural policies were extreme, unpopular and carelessly thought through which made them largely responsible for the scale of the Great Famine. These policies included bad agronomical theories of Lysenkoism and 'Sparrowcide', as well as Collectivisation and the agricultural policies from the Great Leap Forward. Chinese researchers were told that the Soviets 'had discovered and invented everything,' which meant that they looked up to the USSR believing that their actions and ideas i.e. Lysenkoism, a Soviet theory, would also benefit China. There were also other contributions which can be argued to have caused the huge scale of the famine such as the effects of the Anti-rightist campaigns in 1957, Party corruption, USSR grain repayments along with terrible weather conditions and the situation in Tibet. Collectivisation from 1953-57, was the first agricultural policy taken on by Mao which was unsupported by the peasants in the countryside who were the majority of the population. The whole aim for Collectivisation was to massively increase grain production at a relatively quick pace, but the difficulties of implementation only led to a 3.8% increase overall of crop production, and only a tiny 1% in the last year in 1957. These disappointing figures represent how Mao failed to understand the peasants which were a vital factor towards why millions were unwilling...
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...life basically begins when her feet were bound and she became part of a concubine of a warlord. This is not unusual for Yu-fang’s time because women were shown no dignity and suffered many pains. To make matters worse Yu-fang’s father has been the one to arrange this type of lifestyle for his daughter even at a young age Yu-fang’s feet had been bound, which began at age two. The bounding of the feet was a Chinese tradition. “Bound feet” becomes Yu-fang’s greatest asset. “The sight of women teetering on bound feet was supposed to have an erotic effect on men, partly because her vulnerability induced feelings of protectiveness to the onlooker”(Chang, 24). Women walking on bound feet in the Chinese culture were called “three-inch golden lilies” which meant that a woman walked “like a tender young willow shoot in a spring breeze”(Chang, 24). The bounding of the feet had...
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...It has been more than seventy years since the Nanking atrocity of 1937-38. This event is better known as the “Rape of Nanking” or “Nanking Massacre” (Wakabayashi). Even today, there is no healthy dialogue between the countries of China and Japan in regards to the atrocity that occurred there so long ago. The last time that there were any concessions made in regards to the atrocities in China were during and after World War II. Much of the historiography has been limited due the amount of silence that has been present throughout the world. Because of this, research about the atrocity had just recently begun to surface. Due to this fact, there are many factors that are brought into question when looking specifically at a historical event, especially one that is tied to such brutal emotion. The authors I have chosen each attempt to explain why there has been such a delay in Nanking’s historiography and at the same time attempt to explain what actually occurred there in 1937-38. I selected three books for this paper. The first is The Nanking Atrocity 1937-38 by Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi. The book was released on the 70th anniversary of the fall of the Chinese city of Nanking to the Japanese army. The perspective offered is by majority non-American with the exception being two contributors. Wakabayashi discusses what lies at the core of bitter disputes over history, wartime victimization, and postwar restitution that hinder healthy Sino-Japanese relations to this day. The Nanking...
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...“Making” Capitalism Erin MacDonald CHN: 388W February 18th, 2014 About two pages into the section titled Smashing the Four Olds of Gao Yuan’s book Born Red, I came across two sentences that really caught my attention. This part of the section highlighted a conversation between a group of Red Guards who had gone into a small town and came across some peasants selling various home-grown vegetables out of wheelbarrows on the street. These Red Guards proceeded to ask each other “Aren’t they [the peasants] making capitalism?” (pg. 87) At first glance, I attributed the odd wording of the sentence to be an example of what I would call “Chinglish” which can be described as a poor translation from a Chinese word or phrase into English. However, as I read down the page a bit more, I came across another instance of this odd phrasing where the Red Guards referred to those peasants as “making” capitalism; they had approached a man selling eggplants from the man’s own garden and proceeded to ask him directly, “Who allowed you to make capitalism?” (pg. 87) I surmised at this point that Gao Yuan had not merely translated his choice of words poorly but had in fact used the phrasing “making capitalism” intentionally. Gao Yuan’s deliberate description of the peasants to be “making” capitalism made me question whether or not there was any significance behind his particular choice of words. What did the Red Guards mean by saying that those peasants were “making” capitalism? Can capitalism...
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...The Cheesecake Factory has become a very well restaurant that has a variety of foods. The successfulness of the restaurant is wonderful. This is an insight to The Cheesecake Factory’s financial statements. The Cheesecake Factory has become a very well restaurant that has a variety of foods. The successfulness of the restaurant is wonderful. This is an insight to The Cheesecake Factory’s financial statements. Table of Contents Introduction pg 1 Ratio Analysis pg 1 Ratio Analysis for 3 restaurants pg 2 Vertical Analysis pg3 Vertical/Common Size Analysis pg3 Major Elements of Cash Flow pg4 Cash Flow Comparison for 3 restaurants pg4 Comparison of Net Income pg 4 Comparison of Net Cash Flow from Operating Activities pg 5 Comparison of Net Cash Flow from Investing Activities pg 5 Comparison of Net Cash Flow from Financing Activities pg 5 Comparison of Net Change in Cash pg 6 Comparison of Free Cash Flow pg 6 Horizontal Analysis pg 6 Horizontal Analysis for 3 restaurants pg 7 Reference pg 8 The Cheesecake Factory was started by Evelyn Overton. Evelyn was always baking cheesecakes and lead to the opening of her first cheesecake shop in Detroit. Over the years the Cheesecake factory has become so popular that its expansion is continuous. There are currently 150 Cheesecake locations in the United States. However, the expansion does not stop there; there are also many...
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...Between two cultures Growing up in a biracial culture seems to be a problem in this article. Armando Montano tries to use cooking as one of the keys to help him with his frustrations. In the ‘’The Unexpected Lessons of Mexican Food,’’ Montano uses food to make a bridge between Mexican and American culture. First, Montano uses food to make a bridge between Mexican and American culture when in the article he refers to himself as a ''Wexican'' (936). ''Wexican'' is a union between the words White and Mexican. According to the article, ''In the Mexican side of my family I was known as the white one’’ (936), and ''On the other side, my cousins called me a ‘Wexican,’ a white Mexican despite my similarly toned skin'' (936). He was not recognized for either even though he spoke Spanish and strongly identified with his Mexican heritage. Right after writing about his biracial identity, he makes the bridge when he tries to eliminate his frustrations by using Mexican and American products to cook, and he feels more comfortable because ''I could make a food that doesn’t have to be Mexican or American'' (936). In his introduction, Montano refers to ‘’the earthy smell of boiling pinto beans’’ as something that apparently both sides of his family liked (936). Later in life, his experience in Argentina with cooking Mexican food for his friends helped him realize and gain confidence in his identity as a Mexican- American (940). Second, talking about Eagle Pass, Texas, Montano uses food to make...
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...A.K. Jain and A. Ross, “Biometrics: a tool for information security”, IEEE Transaction on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 1, no. 2, Jun. 2006. [2] C. Blundo, A. De Santis, and D.R. Stinson. On the contrast in visual cryptography schemes. J. Cryptogr., 12:261-289, 1999. [3] J. B. Feng, H. C. Wu, C. S. Tsai, Y. F. Chang, and Y. P. Chu. Visual secret sharing for multiple secrets. Pattern Recognition, 41:3572-3581, 2008. [4] A. Ross and A. A. Othman, “Visual Cryptography for Biometric privacy”, IEEE Transaction on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 6, no. 1, Mar.2011. [5] M. Naor and B A. Shamir. Visual cryptography. in: A. De San tis (Ed.), Advances in Cryptology: Eurpocrypt'94, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 950: 1-12, 1995. [6] C.C. Wu and L.H. Chen. A study on visual cryptography, Master Thesis. PhD thesis, Institute of Computer and Information Science, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C., 1998. [7] M. Naor and A. Shamir “Visual cryptography:Improving the contrast via the cover base” IACR Eprint archive, 1996. [8] C. Blundo and A. De Santis and D.R. Stinson, “On the contrast in visual cryptography schemes”, Jurnal pf cryptography, vol. 12, pp. 261-289, 1996. [9] G. Ateniese and C. Blundo and A. De Santis and D.R. Stinson,“Extended Schemes for Visual Cryptography”, Theoretical Computer Science, 1996. [10] Z. Zhouand and G. R. Arce and G. Di Crescenzo, “Halftone visual cryptography” IEEE Trans. Image Process, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 2441-2453...
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...Journal of Electronic Imaging 13(1), 146 – 165 (January 2004). Survey over image thresholding techniques and quantitative performance evaluation Mehmet Sezgin ¨ ˙ Tubıtak Marmara Research Center Information Technologies Research Institute Gebze, Kocaeli Turkey E-mail: sezgin@btae.mam.gov.tr ¨ Bulent Sankur ˇ ¸ Bogazici University Electric-Electronic Engineering Department Bebek, ˙stanbul I Turkey Abstract. We conduct an exhaustive survey of image thresholding methods, categorize them, express their formulas under a uniform notation, and finally carry their performance comparison. The thresholding methods are categorized according to the information they are exploiting, such as histogram shape, measurement space clustering, entropy, object attributes, spatial correlation, and local gray-level surface. 40 selected thresholding methods from various categories are compared in the context of nondestructive testing applications as well as for document images. The comparison is based on the combined performance measures. We identify the thresholding algorithms that perform uniformly better over nondestructive testing and document image applications. © 2004 SPIE and IS&T. [DOI: 10.1117/1.1631316] 1 Introduction In many applications of image processing, the gray levels of pixels belonging to the object are substantially different from the gray levels of the pixels belonging to the background. Thresholding then becomes a simple but effective tool to separate objects from the background...
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...UNIVERSITY OF OREGON INVESTMENT GROUP February 26th, 2010 Consumer Goods California Pizza Kitchen BUY Stock Data Price (52 weeks) Symbol/Exchange Beta Shares Outstanding Average daily volume (3 month average) Current market cap Current Price Dividend Dividend Yield Valuation (per share) DCF Analysis Comparables Analysis Target Price Current Price Summary Financials Revenue Operating Cash Flow Net Income 662M 2009A 44.6M 2009A 4.6M 2009A 9.41 – 17.44 CPKI / NYSE 1.25 24,183,000 400,876 365,975,000 $15.07 $0.00 0% $15.18 $17.73 $16.46 $15.07 BUSINESS OVERVIEW California Pizza Kitchen was founded in 1985 by Rick Rosenfield and Larry Flax in Beverly Hills, California. Twenty years later, California Pizza kitchen operates over 250 restaurants around the world and is still run by its initial founders. The largest portion of CPK’s restaurants are still located throughout California, however they are now located in dozens of states as well as internationally in Asia, North America and the Middle East. Almost all of California Pizza Kitchens revenues come from company owned full Covering Analyst: Ari Siegel Email: Asiegel@uoregon.edu The University of Oregon Investment Group (UOIG) is a student run organization whose purpose is strictly educational. Member students are not certified or licensed to give investment advice or analyze securities, nor do they purport to be. Members of UOIG may have clerked, interned or held various employment positions with firms held in UOIG’s...
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...PENGENALAN • Sesiapa yang hendak membuat kontrak mestilah mempunyai keupayaan dari segi undang-undang untuk berkontrak. Cadangan, penerimaan sahaja tidak memadai. dan balasan • • Persoalan: Siapa yang sebenarnya mempunyai keupayaan untuk berkontrak? • S.10(1) menerangkan kepentingan keupayaan untuk berkontrak. Menurut S.10(1): “Semua perjanjian adalah kontrak jika dibuat atas kerelaan bebas pihak-pihak yang layak membuat kontrak, untuk sesuatu balasan yang sah dan dengan tujuan yang sah dan tidak ditetapkan dengan nyata di bawah peruntukan Akta ini bahawa ianya batal.” • Sementara itu S.11 menyatakan siapa yang layak atau berupaya untuk membuat kontrak. Menurut S.11: “Setiap orang adalah layak membuat kontrak sekiranya ia dewasa menurut undang-undang yang tertakluk, dan sekiranya ia berakal sempurna, dan tidak hilang kelayakan untuk membuat kontrak menurut manamana undang-undang yang mana ia tertakluk.” Melalui S.11 kesimpulan yang dapat dibuat terdapat tiga elemen yang perlu untuk menjadikan seseorang itu layak untuk berkontrak. Elemen tersebut adalah: Dewasa, 2. Berakal sempurna, dan 3. Tidak hilang kelayakan. 1. DEWASA • Untuk mengetahui bila seseorang itu mencapai umur dewasa kita perlu merujuk kepada Akta Umur Dewasa 1971 kerana Akta Kontrak tidak mempunyai peruntukan mengenai perkara tersebut. Menurut Akta Umur Dewasa 1971, seseorang dikatakan dewasa apabila mencapai umur 18 tahun. Oleh yang demikian seseorang yang mencapai...
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...Coccioidiodal Mycosis Coccioidiodal Mycosis According to Fauci et al., fungal infections are classified into categories based on anatomic location and epidemiology. The most frequent anatomic categories are mucocutaneous and deep organ infections. The most common epidemiologic categories are endemic and opportunistic. The endemic mycoses, such as coccidioidomycosis, are infections caused by fungal organisms that are not found in normal human flora and are instead acquired from environmental sources. In contrast, organisms found in normal human microbial flora cause opportunistic infections. Endemic fungal infections are acquired almost exclusively by inhalation of molds in the environment. Soil, dust, and dirt are the natural reservoirs for most of these infections, demonstrated by an increase in cases following dust storms, seismic events, archeological digging, or recreational activities (Fauci et al., 2008). The incidence of endemic fungal infections has risen substantially over the past several decades, especially in geographic locations in which there has been substantial population growth (Fauci et al., 2008). Healthcare providers may be required to recognize and treat an increasing number of severe coccidioidal infections as growth and urbanization to these areas increases. Additionally, a recent study of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Arizona suggested coccidioidomycosis might be a...
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...IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 47, NO. 7, JULY 2012 1585 A 53-nW 9.1-ENOB 1-kS/s SAR ADC in 0.13- m CMOS for Medical Implant Devices Dai Zhang, Student Member, IEEE, Ameya Bhide, Student Member, IEEE, and Atila Alvandpour, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—This paper describes an ultra-low power SAR ADC for medical implant devices. To achieve the nano-watt range power consumption, an ultra-low power design strategy has been utilized, imposing maximum simplicity on the ADC architecture, low transistor count and matched capacitive DAC with a switching scheme which results in full-range sampling without switch bootstrapping and extra reset voltage. Furthermore, a dual-supply voltage scheme allows the SAR logic to operate at 0.4 V, reducing the overall power consumption of the ADC by 15% without any loss in performance. The ADC was fabricated in 0.13- m CMOS. In dual-supply mode (1.0 V for analog and 0.4 V for digital), the ADC consumes 53 nW at a sampling rate of 1 kS/s and achieves the ENOB of 9.1 bits. The leakage power constitutes 25% of the 53-nW total power. Index Terms—ADC, analog-to-digital conversion, leakage power consumption, low-power electronics, medical implant devices, successive approximation. I. INTRODUCTION EDICAL implant devices, such as pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators, target increasingly advanced signal acquisition and signal processing systems. Such devices, which are to be implanted in the human body, require extremely low...
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...Light-Induced Rod and Cone Cell Death and Regeneration in the Adult albino Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Retina Thomas S. Vihtelic and David R. Hyde Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369 Received 24 January 2000; accepted 25 April 2000 ABSTRACT: Light-induced photoreceptor cell degeneration has been studied in several species, but not extensively in the teleost fish. Furthermore, the continual production of rods and cones throughout the teleost’s life may result in regeneration of lost rods and cones. We exposed adult albino zebrafish to 7 days of constant darkness, followed by 7 days of constant 8000 lux light, followed by 28 days of recovery in a 14-h light:10-h dark cycle. We characterized the resulting photoreceptor layer cell death and subsequent regeneration using immunohistochemistry and light microscopy. Within the first 24 h of constant light, the zebrafish retina exhibited widespread rod and cone cell apoptosis. High levels of cell proliferation within the inner nuclear layer (INL) were observed within the first 3 days of Light has been an effective and popular environmental method to experimentally induce photoreceptor cell degeneration. The light treatment can irreversibly cause photoreceptor cell loss through apoptosis (Shahinfar et al., 1991; Li et al., 1996). Factors such as light intensity and exposure duration, length of dark adaptation before light exposure, and ocular pigmentation influence the retinal damage in mice...
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