...evident in night-time symptoms, and nightly requirement of Salbutamol (1). Beclomethasone has been prescribed at a moderate dose. While this dose is safe, it is too high to be prescribed without the pairing of a long acting Beta2 agonist (LABA) (1). The therapeutic guidelines stepwise approach to treatment recommends pairing an ICS with a LABA first, before increasing the ICS dose, in order to obtain adequate symptom management (1). If increased does is required combined therapy with a LABA should still remain. Therefore, while the does may be adequate, the current therapy is not effective. The expected outcome of St John’s Wort has not been achieved, the medication is not effective, and Mary’s depression resides. Mary has just begun Fluoxetine in the last few days, however depression pharmacotherapy can take 2- 3 weeks before patients start to see a difference, and 6 or more weeks before the full effect of the antidepressant is achieved (12). Currently Mary is confined to only pharmacological treatment therapy, which is not best...
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...There has also been a spike in psychiatrists suggesting alternative options in place of medication. Block and Smith (2015) express concern for the side effects of medication and should focus on the behavioral modification aspects. With that being said, the authors do state that medication may help in conjunction with behavioral therapy. Others argue that medication is the answer to resolving symptoms of ADHD because it can repair gray matter in a certain part of the brain. The conclusion comes together stating that all symptoms and treatments need to be taken into consideration in developing a combination therapy strategy. This is the most advantageous and ethical manner of working with a diagnosis. Choosing the Most Effective Treatment for ADHD Diagnosing children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been on the rise at an alarming rate and is the most common diagnosed mental illness disorder for kids in the U.S. Although there is an abundance of disagreement as to what is the best treatment is for ADHD, such as medication and/or behavioral therapy, we need to focus on the aspects of the benefits in using both pharmacological and behavioral treatments...
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...NCLEX-RN® DETAILED TEST PLAN 2010 NCLEX-RN Detailed Test Plan ® Effective | April 2010 Item Writer/Item Reviewer/Nurse Educator Version Mission Statement The National Council of State Boards of Nursing, composed of member boards, provides leadership to advance regulatory excellence for public protection. Purpose and Functions The purpose of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN ) is to provide an organization through which boards of nursing act and counsel together on matters of common interest and concern affecting the public health, safety and welfare, including the development of licensing examinations in nursing. ® The major functions of NCSBN include developing the NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN examinations, performing policy analysis and promoting uniformity in relationship to the regulation of nursing practice, disseminating data related to NCSBN’s purpose and serving as a forum for information exchange for NCSBN members. ® ® Copyright© 2010 National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN) All rights reserved. NCSBN , NCLEX , NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN are registered trademarks of NCSBN and this document may not be used, reproduced or disseminated to any third party without written permission from NCSBN. ® ® ® ® Permission is granted to boards of nursing to use or reproduce all or parts of this document for licensure related purposes only. Nonprofit education programs have permission to use or reproduce all or parts of this document...
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...Traumatic Brain Injury WUT2 Task Western Governors University A. Investigated Disease Process The disease process I will be reviewing is traumatic brain injuries. A traumatic brain injury occurs when sudden trauma occurs to an individual’s brain. Traumatic brain injuries are considered closed or penetrating. Traumatic brain injuries are categorized as mild, moderate or severe based on the amount of damage that occurs to the brain. (ninds.nih.gov, 2015) A1. Pathophysiology To understand traumatic brain injuries, we must first discuss the numerous causes of brain injury. When injury occurs to the brain, the patient encounters the primary injury that is directly related and occurs at the time of the injury. Secondary injury occurs as a result of the primary injury but often leads to a more significant sequela based on the type of initial trauma. Non penetrating injuries to the cranium that lead to traumatic brain injuries are not always related to direct blows of the cranium. Rapid acceleration and deceleration injuries along with compression injuries may lead to traumatic brain injuries. This type of injuries can lead to injuries to the brain tissue that could include compression, stretching and shearing injuries to the brain tissue. These type of injuries are classified as “diffuse axonal injuries”. Diffuse axonal injuries are one of the most common and extensive types of traumatic brain injuries. These injuries often lead to death or severe irreversible...
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...Anorexia Disorder Josephine Ingraham PSYCH/575 - PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY August 20, 2011 Nicole Jung Anorexia Disorder Anorexia is a serious disease that is defined as not having an appetite for fear of gaining weight. Most cases involving anorexia, start at the adolescent age of women and if not treated can advance to adulthood and even death. There is no cure for this disorder but there are many different treatments to help those learn to deal with this disorder and eventually find a way to live a normal lifestyle. This paper will discuss the disorder, and comparing the contrast and comparison of three therapeutic treatments for this disorder. Understanding Anorexia Anorexia is a serious psychological disorder that affects most young girls from the ages of 13 to 21 years old. “Approximately 95% of those affected by anorexia are female and most are teenage girls, however, males can develop this disorder as well.” (Gentile, 2010). There is no cause for anorexia, however many studies have been done to find the main cause of this disorder. Studies suggest that a genetic component may play a more significant role in determining a person’s chances of getting this disorder. One evidence that researchers are implying that there is a dysfunction in the part of the brain the hypothalamus which is a contributing factor in the development of anorexia (Gentile, 2010). Another theory is that under feeding an infant, and maternal depressive symptoms tend to be risk factors...
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...and the author own personal perspective. Shintoism Shintoism is the religious beliefs and practices of Japan. According to Shouler, Shinto is an optimistic faith in believing that all humans are fundamentally good and evil is caused by evil spirits. It is a form of animism and involves the worship of kami which mean “sacred spirit”. Shinto is created by combining two works: “Shin” means God or spirit and “to” means way or path. Shinto beliefs are in the mysterious creating and harmonizing power of kami and in the truthful way of kami. The kami began as the mysterious forces of nature associated primarily with permanent features in the landscape, such as unusual mountains, rocky cliffs, caves, springs, trees and stones("Shinto Therapies," 2002, p. 4) Most Japanese considered death is a natural process as a part of life cycle. Therefore, Shintoism or Buddhism patients may be more open to end-of-life discussions. Conversion to Christianity or other religions, it would certainly have some impact on views of death, dying, and end-of-life issues. Therefore, organ donation is not favored because of the...
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...Pain Management: A concept Analysis Laura Miller Sacred Heart University Pain Management: A concept Analysis Millions suffer from acute or chronic pain every year and the effects of pain exact a tremendous cost on our country in health care costs, rehabilitation and lost worker productivity, as well as the emotional and financial burden it places on patients and their families. The costs of unrelieved pain can result in longer hospital stays, increased rates of re-hospitalization, increased outpatient visits, and decreased ability to function fully leading to lost income and insurance coverage (American academy of pain medicine,2006). The most often used definition for pain is: an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage (Chandra & Ozturk, 2005, p.34; Loeser & Melzack, 1999, p.1607; McHugh & Thoms, 2001, p.33). The aim is to improve communication, develop tools to evaluate the effectiveness of pain management, and how it can be the solution in decreasing the cost of unrelieved pain, decrease re-hospitalization and also improve function and quality of life. Current use and historical perspective Individuals have a great tendency to treat their pain before seeking any medical assistance. Every culture has some type of home remedy that they rely on to treat any type of element including pain. According to Bonica, Pain is as old as humankind and Humankind has been suffering from...
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...Issue date: March 2009 Schizophrenia Core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in adults in primary and secondary care This is an update of NICE clinical guideline 1 NICE clinical guideline 82 Developed by the National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health NICE clinical guideline 82 Schizophrenia Ordering information You can download the following documents from www.nice.org.uk/CG82 • The NICE guideline (this document) – all the recommendations. • A quick reference guide – a summary of the recommendations for healthcare professionals. • ‘Understanding NICE guidance’ – a summary for patients and carers. • The full guideline – all the recommendations, details of how they were developed, and reviews of the evidence they were based on. For printed copies of the quick reference guide or ‘Understanding NICE guidance’, phone NICE publications on 0845 003 7783 or email publications@nice.org.uk and quote: • N1823 (quick reference guide) • N1824 (‘Understanding NICE guidance’). NICE clinical guidelines are recommendations about the treatment and care of people with specific diseases and conditions in the NHS in England and Wales. This guidance represents the view of NICE, which was arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. Healthcare professionals are expected to take it fully into account when exercising their clinical judgement. However, the guidance does not override the individual responsibility of healthcare professionals...
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...Dissociative Identity Disorder Porsha Castillo Belhaven University ABSTRACT This paper will focus on the mental disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder. It will follow the case study of JANE. The paper will include the hisroty of the disorder as well as treatment, and current research of the disorder. Dissociative Identity Disorder Rebecca, a 14 year old girl, presented to a hospital by her mother with a complaint of ‘behaving like a male’ for past 2 weeks. She was identifying herself as Mr. S. and dressed herself like a male. She was not recognizing her neighbors, relatives, or teachers anymore and her belongings as well. She was not able to recount her personal information either. Her mother also reported a significant and contrasting change in her behavior, like she had become stubborn, confident, outgoing and demanding during this period in contrast to her normal behavior. She developed interest in drawing and painting, would demand different types of fast food items, dresses, and certain objects in the altered state. Her mother fearing worsening of her illness readily fulfilled these demands. Rebecca stopped going to school and would stay at home all day long. Upon exploration, it was found that about 2 years back, her father and older sister had left the house to live separately from Rebecca and her mother. There was a strained relationship among the parents on the issue of not having a son. Since separation, there was no communication with them. Rebecca was...
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...PN MENTAL HEALTH NURSING EDITION . CO NT ASTERY SERI ES TM N E R EV MOD IE W LE U PN Mental Health Nursing Review Module Edition 9.0 CONtriButOrs Sheryl Sommer, PhD, RN, CNE VP Nursing Education & Strategy Janean Johnson, MSN, RN Nursing Education Strategist Sherry L. Roper, PhD, RN Nursing Education Strategist Karin Roberts, PhD, MSN, RN, CNE Nursing Education Coordinator Mendy G. McMichael, DNP, RN Nursing Education Specialist and Content Project Coordinator Marsha S. Barlow, MSN, RN Nursing Education Specialist Norma Jean Henry, MSN/Ed, RN Nursing Education Specialist eDitOrial aND PuBlisHiNg Derek Prater Spring Lenox Michelle Renner Mandy Tallmadge Kelly Von Lunen CONsultaNts Deb Johnson-Schuh, RN, MSN, CNE Loraine White, RN, BSN, MA PN MeNtal HealtH NursiNg i PN MeNtal HealtH NursiNg review Module editioN 9.0 intellectual Property Notice ATI Nursing is a division of Assessment Technologies Institute®, LLC Copyright © 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC. All rights reserved. The reproduction of this work in any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, is forbidden without the written permission of Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC. All of the content in this publication, including, for example, the cover, all of the page headers, images, illustrations, graphics, and text, are subject to trademark, service mark, trade dress, copyright, and/or other intellectual property rights or licenses...
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...Dementia Supporting people with dementia and their carers in health and social care Issued: November 2006 NICE clinical guideline 42 guidance.nice.org.uk/cg42 NICE has accredited the process used by the Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE to produce guidelines. Accreditation is valid for 5 years from September 2009 and applies to guidelines produced since April 2007 using the processes described in NICE's 'The guidelines manual' (2007, updated 2009). More information on accreditation can be viewed at www.nice.org.uk/accreditation © NICE 2006 Dementia NICE clinical guideline 42 Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................... 4 Person-centred care ..................................................................................................................... 6 Key priorities for implementation .................................................................................................. 8 1 Guidance ................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Principles of care for people with dementia ...................................................................................... 11 1.2 Integrated health and social care ..................................................................................................... 17 1.3 Risk factors, prevention and early identification...
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...Introduction The biopsychologist will implement the biological approach to psychology in the attempt to study psychological diseases and disorders as well as in the diagnosis and treatment of individual’s suffering from such diseases and disorders. The following will include the analysis of the disorder known as Schizophrenia. The areas of brain affected, causal factors, associated symptoms, neural basis and appropriate drug therapies will be discussed. In addition, the disorders of Anorexia Nervosa and Generalized Anxiety Disorder will also be examined. Both the disorders of Anorexia Nervosa and Generalized Anxiety Disorder will be discussed for their relation to the nature-nurture issue and other appropriate theories of etiology. Possible drug therapies and alternative solutions will also be a focus of discussion. Part A: Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is undoubtedly one of the most complex psychiatric disorders of all time. A disorder which name defines the “splitting of psychic functions (Pinel, 2007, p.481)”, Schizophrenia often presents itself with a variety of characteristic symptoms including possible delusions, hallucinations, disorganized or incoherent speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior patterns and negative symptoms (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Social and occupational dysfunction often accompany these characteristic symptoms of Schizophrenia and the combination of function impairment and symptoms must persist in duration for a period...
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...Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Student name Institution Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice A. Investigated Disease Process: The paper investigates the processes of Alzheimer’s and pharmacological implication. A1. Pathophysiology: The theory based on monoamine-deficiency determines that the recognizable pathophysiological source of Alzheimer’s Disease is the occurrence of dementia and dementia like symptoms (Unützer, & Park, 2012). Donepezil is applicable in the pathophysiology and is commendable by the therapeutic efficacy of its control. There are various conventional discussions based on the categorization and basis of dementia. The concept made by Emil Kraepelin'sdetermines that is a formulation of a Sigmund and disease. On the other hand, Freud perceives Alzheimer’s disease is an expression of internalized loss and weakness (Unützer, & Park, 2012). Alzheimer’s disease may not be categorized as a homogeneous disease, but it is a sophisticated phenomenon that has various subtypes and at least one etiology. It also has various predispositions in symptomatology that range from mild to severe symptoms. A2. Standard of Practice: The American Psychiatric Association presents the best practices to be followed while addressing Alzheimer’s disease disorder. The practices aim to assist healthcare providers in making informed decisions by providing...
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...The goal of supplemental oxygen should be a SpO2 of 88 to 92 percent or PaO2 of 60 to 70 mmHg, using titrated oxygen. (Ntoumenopoulos, 2011). Venturi masks are recommended for more precise oxygen delivery and control of FiO2. Nasal cannula may be used later in the treatment to improve patient comfort and convenience (Stoller, 2015). Arterial blood gases should be checked 30 to 60 minutes after starting oxygen therapy to ensure appropriate oxygenation without increased hypercapnia or acidosis (GOLD, 2014). Ventilatory support may be necessary during an exacerbation and can be provided by non-invasive or invasive ventilation. Bauman and Hyzy (2014) explain that non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is the preferred method of support for COPD exacerbation patient and has shown success in improving respiratory acidosis and decreasing respiratory rate and work of breathing. Additionally, NPPV reduces the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia, hospital length of stay, mortality, and intubation rates. According to Allen (2014), invasive ventilation is normally avoided in the COPD population, but in situations such as respiratory distress and...
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...Axia University of Phoenix College Analyzing Psychological Disorders Introduction A biopsychologist will execute a biological approach to psychology in the endeavor to study psychological diseases and disorders, in addition to in the diagnosis and treatment of individual’s anguish from diseases and disorders. The subsequent will consist of the psychoanalysis of the disorder identified as Schizophrenia. As for the areas of brain affected, contributory factors, related symptoms, the neural origin, and suitable drug therapies will be discussed. Additionally, the disorders of Anorexia Nervosa and Generalized Anxiety Disorder will also be examined. Therefore the disorders of Anorexia Nervosa and Generalized Anxiety Disorder will be discussed for their relation to the nature-nurture issue and other appropriate theories of etiology. Possible drug therapies and alternative solutions will also be a focus of discussion. Part A: Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is indubitably one of the most intricate psychiatric disorders of all time. It is a disorder which name defines the “splitting of psychic functions (Pinel, 2007, p.481)”, Schizophrenia habitually presents itself with a multiplicity of attribute symptoms including hallucinations, possible delusions, disorganized ,grossly disorganized, incoherent speech, or catatonic behavior patterns and negative symptoms (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Social and occupational...
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