...Indigenous Theater The Rituals The native Filipino beliefs are central to gods and deities, who controls forces of nature, the passages of all living things and the vital activities of the tribe. And to communicate to gods special mediums are to be used. The babaylans, tambalan, albularyo are these medium. There are many rituals but the ritual which is drama is where the shaman goes into a trance and kills the sacrificial animal common to these rituals which represent as the supplicant or humble petitioner to the gods to provide for the people. Throughout centuries rituals are known as – pag-aanito, anituan, anito-baylan, bunong, pagdidiwata and a host of other indigenous lexis. Rituals are used for variety of reasons. To cure sickness, for a bountiful harvest, rites of passage, marriage and a host of other reasons, all involve carrying out sacrifices, chants, prayers, offerings that aims to appease, please the higher being. If these rituals do not get the sick cured, they do not deserve to get well. The Aeta of Florida Blanca has a ritual where a shaman dances to “scare” away sickness. The sick sit on the grounds in rows covered in red cloth as the gitada (guitar) plays and the manganito (priest) dance frighten the sickness causing spirits away with bolos or offers them food in banana leaf to leave the infirm. Towards the end of the dance, the long red cloth is pulled symbolizing the “departure” of the spirit. Rituals connected to harvest usually involve killing...
Words: 4520 - Pages: 19
...Introduction to Masterpieces of the Drama (by Alexander W. Allison, Arthur J. Carr and Arthur M. Eastman) 1. “The implications of such natural playacting are vast, for good and for ill – for good, because individual and social happiness depends on right acting; for ill, because misrepresentations, deceit, mischief, and falsehood can also be learned by imitation.” "Much of what we know we learn by imitation, by acting parts, by practicing what we shall say or do." Language, for example, is taught by making the learner repeat what has been said. Filipino children exposed to English cartoon shows tend to become fluent in the language used. Those who are exposed to violent shows like wrestling become aggressive, as a result of idolizing the characters involved. People tend to "copy" what they observe in their environment. What makes drama vast is the fact that "the essentials of drama not only inhere in social experience; in basic ways they determine it." Materials of drama were used, including music, dancing, and the reenactment of important deeds and occasions. There are five epochs in which drama flourished, namely The Greek Classics, The Middle Ages, The Elizabethan Drama, The Neo-Classical French Drama and The Modern Drama. Looking back at the history of drama, it can be seen that each of these epochs has its own contributions to the modern drama. The Greek Classics was the epoch in which drama has begun. The most influential playwrights were Aeschylus, Euripides...
Words: 2423 - Pages: 10
...PHILIPPINE THEATER Theater in the Philippines is as varied as the cultural traditions and the historical influences that shaped it through the centuries. The dramatic forms that flourished and continue to flourish among the different peoples of the archipelago include: the indigenous theater, mainly Malay in character, which is seen in rituals, mimetic dances, and mimetic customs; the plays with Spanish influence, among which are the komedya, the sinakulo, the playlets, the sarswela, and the drama; and the theater with Anglo-American influence, which encompasses bodabil and the plays in English, and the modern or original plays by Fihpinos, which employ representational and presentational styles drawn from contemporary modern theater, or revitalize traditional forms from within or outside the country. The Indigenous Theater The rituals, dances, and customs which are still performed with urgency and vitality by the different cultural communities that comprise about five percent of the country’s population are held or performed, together or separately, on the occasions of a person’s birth, baptism, circumcision, initial menstruation, courtship, wedding, sickness, and death; or for the celebration of tribal activities, like hunting, fishing, rice planting and harvesting, and going to war. In most rituals, a native priest/priestess, variously called mandadawak, catalonan, bayok, or babalyan, goes into a trance as the spirit he/she is calling upon possesses him/her. While entranced...
Words: 9183 - Pages: 37
...SIGURO YUNG KAY JUDIE NALANG MUNA. DI PA KUMPLETO MGA SOT. WALA PA RIN NAMAN NAGPAPASA SA KANILA MALIBAN KILA JAY-ANNE. DI KO RIN SURE KUNG MAY KAILANGAN PA AKONG IDAGDAG. ITO NALANG MUNA SIGURO. AKO PRODUCER. IKAW EDITOR. SI EHVER ASSISTANT EDITOR. SCRIPTWRITER SI KAS AT AKO. SI JUDIE REPORTER. PAG MAY TANONG AT KELANGANG TULONG, YUNG MGA YAN ANG MAIN. YUNG IBA, RESEARCHERS. DUN SA SHORT DRAMA PART, PAG DI KAYA, DI KO PA SURE KUNG PWEDE HUMANAP SA NET NG PWEDENG EXAMPLE. PERO TRY NADIN. AAH, YUNG LAST NA PART PA-TULA YUN. NAURONG NA DIN YUNG DEADLINE SA JULY 25. THANKS. BIRHEN SA BASAHAN (ALINGAWNGAW NG SIGAW NG BATANG PROSTI) 7/7/11 TRT: REPORTER: JUDIE ANNA URAYAN DOKYUBOX SOT: RANDOM CHILDREN IN: Gusto ko po maging doctor. OUT: IN: Gusto ko po maging astronaut. OUT: IN: Ahhh. Gusto ko Superman. OUT: IN: Ang gusto ko paglaki, ah, ibibili ako ni Papa ng laptop na Barbie yung kulay pink. OUT: MSC: FADE UP, SUSTAIN FOR 3 SECONDS THEN FADE UNDER ANNCR: MGA ANGHEL NA HULOG NG LANGIT. PUNO NG PANGARAP, KALINGA’T PAG-ASA SA KANILANG MGA TINIG. PARA SA KANILA, ANG PAGLALARO AY TILA KATUMBAS NA RIN NG KANILANG BUHAY. ANG KANILANG MGA NAKAKAHAWANG NGITI, MGA MASASAYAHING TINIG, ITO AY SADYANG ISANG BIYAYA KUNG MAITUTURING. SILA AY MGA BATANG MUSMOS NA SA AGOS NG BUHAY AY PILIT SUMASABAY. SOT: RANDOM CHILDREN IN: Gusto ko pong maging mabait. OUT: IN: Gusto k-k….o… p-p…o… OUT: MSC: SEGUE TO UGOY NG DUYAN, SUSTAIN FOR 5 SECONDS...
Words: 1913 - Pages: 8
...Ariel Johnson Art of Theatre Play review Almost Maine I will be writing my play review on Almost Maine, A story about many different love stories and characters that go through many obstacles and challenges when trying to find love. I will get into my analysis of the actors in da play and how they grabbed my attention. In the beginning of the segment there were two characters, male and female who were sitting on the floor during a cold snowy Friday night; in the middle of winter. Due to the effects that there was white powder that surrounded the area and the actors were shivering and wearing heavy clothing. Throughout the segment, they both wore scarfs, hats and jackets. The actors used the empty spaces as the lines were spoken. Later on in other segments the use of props were of special value. For example in one scene characters used clay making of a shaped cartoon heart to indicate a broken heart. A Glass bottle was used as a beer bottle full of beer although it contained no liquid at all. The use of unseen spaces were very active throughout the play the knocks behind the stage were of somebody knocking on the door and the curtains displayed as a door in almost every scene. One scene in particular changed the way the curtains this time they weren’t used as a door they were used as sets of people in a party in which a hostess could be called just by the sound of a holler. The play itself used a lot of space on the stage. Each scene involved a new space that included some...
Words: 355 - Pages: 2
...Ben Mammel Mrs. S Mann English 1501.1 30 September 2013 Compare/Contrast: Dillard and Rodriguez In Annie Dillard’s “American Childhood” and in Luis Rodriquez’s “Always Running” both share similarities. Both are autobiographies that involve children running from an adult, both stories paint vivid descriptions of their communities and childhood memories. The authors also dramatize their stories to make them more exciting Although Dillard and Rodriquez share many similarities the two stories differ. The most significant contrast about the stories is the environment the children grew up in. In an “American Childhood” Dillard grew up in a middle class neighborhood with nothing to be afraid of, on the other spectrum Rodriquez spent his childhood running from “gangs” “junkies” “police” and even “teachers. The titles itself contrast drastically, “An American Childhood” sounds pleasant, enjoyable, and cliché whereas “Always Running” sounds hopeless, tiring, and dangerous. Descriptions in the stories show how the environments differ, in “Always Running” Rodriquez describes constant abuse that Luis and Tito go through in paragraph 26 “We were constant prey” “sometimes the teachers who jumped on us Mexicans as if we were born with a hideous stain”. In an “American Childhood” it can be inferred that it is a more privileged environment because the man that chased Dillard left his car with his keys in the ignition to chase after kids...
Words: 461 - Pages: 2
...Through the ages, there have been many different views on what makes a tragic hero. The archetype for a tragic hero has been set by Aristotle, from his rendition we learn that a tragic hero must “be better than we are”, born of nobility. Someone who is superior to the average person in some way, but at the same time, must evoke pity in the eyes of the audience. Arthur Miller, however, opposes Aristotle’s views saying that the common man can indeed be a tragic hero. The character must be willing to lay down his life to secure his sense of personal dignity. Furthermore, in act 2 of the play, the author reveals to the audience the reason behind Willy’s failure and guilt. It is also this section of the play that Willy is fired from his job, after this incident it is shown that Willy’s flaw as a tragic hero is his excessive pride because after being fired his longtime friend, Charley, who runs his own sales company, extended to him a job offer. But Willy refuses to take it saying that his sons are working on a big business deal and that he didn’t need the job offer. “I offered you a job. You can make fifty dollars a week…” but Willy replies “what’s the matter with you? I’ve got a job.” This shows that even under the direst of circumstances that Willy is too stubborn to take a job offer from one of the only friends he has got in life. At the end of the play, as a way to reassure himself that he wants to commit suicide he manifests his older brother Ben to act as conscience for what...
Words: 518 - Pages: 3
...The Woman in Black is a 1987 stage play, adapted by Stephen Mallatratt. The play is based on the book of the same name, which was written in 1983 by Susan Hill. The venue for the woman in black was the fortune theatre in London and we went there on the 1st of November 2011. The Theatre from outside appears small old and slightly neglected, inside there was no attempt to prepare one for or indeed set the atmosphere for the nature of the play. The Fortune is small and the intimacy between actor and audience was brought out well by the fact that the furthest seats can only have been 15m away. The theatre is of Victorian style with ornate decorations and red carpets and seating, this instantly transport me to the era in which the play is set in the 19th century. The stage is open for the audience to see before the play starts and is set out as the stage in a small theatre, a basket for props, two chairs, a rack of costumes and buckets catching water from a leaky roof. The most important part of the set though was the gauze at the back of the stage separating a separate scene behind and revealing it hen needed using lighting. This combination of props and structure conveys the location strongly to the audience without being so defined that it is not possible to change the scene. While we waited there was no background music which gave a slightly eerie edge to the wait. The play started in the theatre depicted on the stage and almost immediately the humour as Mr Kipps’s is reading...
Words: 1379 - Pages: 6
...theater season: the National Theater of Greece’s Medea, Joanne Akalaitis’ The Iphigeneia Cycle (a double bill that combines Euripides’ two Iphigeneia plays), a revival of Andrei Serban’s famous Fragments of a Greek Trilogy, and a four-and-a-half-hour adaptation of the Oedipus Rex were announced at the start of the season. Off-off Broadway versions will inevitably follow. The Brooklyn Academy of Music even hosted a dance/theatre piece based on the Eleusinian Mysteries. 1 The Classic Stage Company, an off-Broadway theater group devoted to performance and adaptation of Western classics, currently receives more scripts that re-work Greek tragedy than any other category of drama. 2 From a global perspective, New York is simply reflecting a trend set by important modern playwrights and directors worldwide. Greek drama now occupies a regular place in the London theater season. In the past twenty years, acclaimed productions have been mounted not only in Europe but also in Japan, India, and Africa. Translations are even beginning to proliferate in China, occasionally with unexpected results. A recent Chinese translator of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex referred to all the Greek gods generically as Apollo, since he could count on his audience’s ability to recognize this name from the United States space program. 3 The Greek theater festival at Delphi has played host to many of these performances, with the result that, for example, the Greek National...
Words: 4799 - Pages: 20
...Perceiving Tragedy A tragedy is considered to be an event causing great suffering, destruction, and distress. Arthur Miller's essay, 'Tragedy and the Common Man', contributes many different ideas on how he perceived tragedy. Trying to fulfil one's lives and personalities is usually how a tragic story happens. Hamlet tries to get revenge on Claudius when he find out what really happened to his father, starting his tragic story. He feels betrayed and is working hard to get his rightful position back. There is always the possibility that Hamlet is going to succeed in his mission. Tragedy is something that happens to everyone that is trying to fulfill themselves as a person, someone that is on a mission to get what they want. Hamlet starts with the plan of trying to get revenge on Claudius when he find out what the complete truth of what happened to his father. This is explained when he says, "As meditation or the thoughts of love, may sweep to my revenge." (Act 1, Scene 5, lines 30-31). He is a tragic hero, in which he goes on this mission of trying to get revenge for himself and his father, and ultimately succeeds, but then dies. He had a plan throughout the play, had many chances to fulfil the plan, but never went through with it. In Arthur Miller's essay, this is explained when he says "The tragic feeling is evoked in us when we are in the presence of a character who is ready to lay down his life, if need be, to secure one thing--his sense of personal dignity." (Miller, pg...
Words: 1088 - Pages: 5
...Name_____________Jawad Salman_________________________ Global Issue Response Form: Greek Drama (rev. 6/13) (The easiest way to complete the assignment is to download the Word file from CN or MyCourses, save it with your own filename, type your response into the Word document, save the document, and submit it. Please delete excess blank lines in each section.) Before completing this form, please see the sample Global Issue Response on CN and MyCourses (Bb) Submit your response via MyCourses Assignments in the correct folder for this response Check which one of the two relevant Global Studies learning outcomes best relates to your specific Global Issue topic. Your Global Issue response must be on one or more of the plays we have read in this course and the surrounding culture of 5th Century BCE Athens and Greece. _____ Describe and analyze a culture or society outside the United States, or describe and analyze some part or aspect of this culture or society in relation to the wider culture or society of which it is a part. (Choose this outcome for a topic that relates to the entire culture, such as religion, customs, and political structures.) __X___ Identify and analyze cultural or social diversity in a culture or society that is found outside the United States. (Choose this outcome for a topic that relates to some form of diversity within the culture, such as issues involving race, class, or gender.) Identify, in a sentence or two, your specific Global Issue...
Words: 1381 - Pages: 6
...Arellano University College of Arts and Sciences 2600 Legarda st. Sampaloc Manila Library Research Submitted to: Mrs. Acibo Submitted by: Dalia B. Sabucor I. Introduction II. Presentation of Data III. Conclusion IV. Insights Gained V. References I. Introduction Drama Throughout the middle ages, drama and theater only dealt with sacred subjects, such as biblical stories. Profane drama was either unheard of or only performed in burlesque. Classical dramatists were virtually unheard of in the middle ages. All the great dramatists of antiquity, such as the Greek playwrights Sophocles, Aeschylus, and Euripides, and the Roman comedy writers such as Plautus and Terence, were only discovered by humanists in the Renaissance. Although classical drama is more read and studied in the modern period than other classical literature, in the Renaissance it was a distinct last place to epic poetry, lyric poetry, and philosophy. So drama isn't well represented in Renaissance literature. The first dramatist to imitate classical models in Italy was Giangiorgio Trissino, who was a wealthy humanist with an encyclopedic knowledge. Among other things, he was famous as a Neoplatonic philosopher and poet. He, like many others, attempted to write an epic poem, L'Italia liberata dai Goti (Italy Liberated from the Goths) which, though it's a poem about Justinian's reconquest of Italy, is mainly an encyclopedia of...
Words: 1034 - Pages: 5
...Task A: Text Clustering - 2 Clusters After running the Text Cluster, the following observations were obtained: Table 1. Cluster Summary Cluster Weight Frequency RMSSTD Cluster Description 1 0.8 2248 0.124345 +action +good +plot characters effects movies pretty +movie real +year first +old +few +end films +character +feel +watch +cast +director 2 0.2 551 0.094437 +battle +history +man +stone alexander angelina anthony battles colin farrell historical hopkins hours jolie men oliver scenes stone troy +life Table 2. Cluster-Specific Means Cluster Rat_10scl (mean) Useful (mean) RevLen_Words (mean) 1 6.121 0.388 241.981 2 5.461 0.413 277.301 Table 3. Cluster-Specific Genre Distribution Cluster thriller romance action drama comedy animation Sum 1 11.65% 5.43% 40.39% 25.71% 15.97% 0.93% 100% 2 0.36% 0.36% 13.07% 86.21% 0% 0% 100% Description of the clusters: Cluster 1: This cluster has larger number of observations under it which is 80% of total reviews with a frequency, that is, number of reviews of 2248. Total number of reviews processed is 2799. Even though this cluster is larger, from the value of RMSSTD of 0.124 which is higher than that of Cluster 2, it shows that this cluster is more heterogeneous. That is, the reviews are more varied and inconsistent. Overall from the list of terms displayed under the ‘Descriptive Terms’, we see quite a different variety of terms. Terms like ‘plot’, ‘characters’, ‘cast’, ‘director’, ‘watch’, etc, shows that this cluster...
Words: 745 - Pages: 3
...Mickala Stewart 7th Period/ Gassett/ AP Lit Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is filled with many instances of irony, mainly dramatic. Dramatic irony is when a situation is understood by the reader or audience and not by the characters in the play. Examples can be found in the most famous plays by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play, dramatic irony is mainly displayed in the conversations between Torvald and Nora, with Torvald portraying the character that is “out of the loop.” Irony is sometimes made obvious to readers and sometimes you have to read a little deeper. For example, in the beginning of the play when Krogstad threatens to tell Nora’s secret, Nora tells him that it is her “pride and joy.” Its funny how her pride and joy is something that her husband would despise. Then later on in the play when Nora finally tells Torvald about the debt she owes, Torvald describes her as what used to be his “pride and joy” just as Nora described her secret. Another example would be when Torvald tells Nora “No debts! Never borrow! There’s something inhibited, something unpleasant about a home built on credit and borrowed money.” What Torvald doesn’t know is that the home he described, was his own. Nora, in fact, has borrowed a significant amount of money and is deeply indebted to Krogstad and because of Nora’s forgery he is also now living in that “home built on credit and borrowed money.” Nora feels very accomplished because she has borrowed money on her own. In that time period...
Words: 613 - Pages: 3
...Stage Two – Drama Studies By Sean Wintrell The Venue – Cardijn College-- -Lecture Theatre Ensemble – Yr 12 Drama Class The Director – Greg Hay The Play – The Lord of the Flies The lights come up on children oblivious to the world around them, as the play, read and enjoy the good things of life. They are only distracted momentarily by the sounds of planes and bombs before they go back to what they are doing, almost as if it would not affect them. Darkness returns and this time the sound is not of distant planes or bombs, it’s of a very real plane crash, within the darkness it would be easy for those of no imagination to feel detached from the happenings, but a few people would feel the horror and the dread. We then proceed to watch a small group of survivors, young boys, try to survive. The boys try to put into action the same rules that society uses, these quickly break down and the boys begin to go feral. We watch in horror as we realise even the most refined human can commit terrible atrocities. The Lord of the Flies, directed by Greg Hay, creates an atmosphere of horror as we watch the effects of war, even on those who do not take part. Hay’s interpretation of William Golding’s ‘Lord of The Flies’ presents to us the dark side of human beings, and the effects of it has if it gains control over that of reason and logic. In essence Hay’s ideas make it an extremely moving, and horrifying play. Throughout the play, the use of lighting and sound...
Words: 555 - Pages: 3
