...4 March: City of God – Utopian Reader – include a little bit on it – 22 volumes in all. Christianity – Augustine – classicly trained greek scholar. City in north Africa. Story like apostle Paul – orginially a person who persecuted Christians – north African wealth family from – found enlightenment in Christianity. Once he joined became one of the early scholars trained in greek – regulized Christian theology. Influence on western world – top four or five who influenced. Confessions and City of God his writings…look up! What’s the purpose of improving human society – complex – why do it? Can human society be made better? Why bother, what is the point, justification? Takes effort, misery involved, change, unknowns, takes energy, takes risks. HAPPINESS – justification for improving society. What do you have to have to be happy? What is happiness – PHI 101 – happiness according to whom? Lack of misery; literally the elimination of misery. Secondly, food – gives pleasure – Happiness is lack of human misery and maximizing /pleasure and happiness. Bliss 24/7 – hedonism Epicureanism – eliminating misery and maximizing happiness. The justification of utopianism = why did plato want the republic? Justisifcation for improving human society among the Greeks? Poor always poor, always unhappy, death claims everyone - it is rational to maximize pleasure and eliminate misery. Do eternally accouding to plato. Opinions – 1. Relativism is a retreat in the 20th century. Can’t...
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...Nikki Slomers Mrs. Moser AP English 11 28 March 2014 Steinbeck’s Philosophical Theory and Influences The Grapes of Wrath, a story of the Joads’ journey from Oklahoma to California in search of the American dream during the Great Depression era. Thousands upon thousands of people had to pack up and leave the land that they were born and raised on due to the Dust Bowl and the banks foreclosing on acres and acres of property. Having lived through this time period, John Steinbeck, the author of the novel The Grapes of Wrath is no stranger to the conditions these people lived in. Traveling with migrant farm workers for a few years in Salinas California, John adopted a very specific philosophical theory from the many influences around him. John Steinbeck’s philosophical theory, including transcendentalism and the concept of the oversoul, humanism, earthy democracy, and pragmatism, all play an important role in the development of his characters in The Grapes of Wrath. To begin, one of the most important characters in the novel, Jim Casy, “the preacher”, single-handedly interprets and embodies the philosophy of the author John Steinbeck and the novel itself. Tom Joad and Jim Casy cross paths while Tom was on his way home to find his family after just being released from prison. The two men, having been long time friends, decide to walk together and catch up. Jim vents to Tom, and tells him about not preaching anymore. “I was a preacher,” the man [Jim Casy] said seriously, “but...
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...Divine Foreknowledge: Four Views By James K. Beilby and Paul R. Eddy Eds. Student Name: Kevin M. Polito Student Number: 1516105 Essential Christian Doctrine 1 Spring 2013 – Lewis Word Count: 3,054 Introduction: A necessary and timely book “Throughout the history of the church, Christians have discussed the nature and content of God’s divine foreknowledge” So, rather innocuously, begins the introduction to the text under review. Recently, these “discussions” have become more frequent and heated due, in part, to a robust Calvinist resurgence seen throughout Christendom, especially within the United States. The places and individuals who are engaged in such debates are as varied as the ivory tower and the theologians who inhabit them all the way to the local, faithful Sunday school teacher presenting material to her students who attend her small, rural church. The debate is robust within evangelicalism because of the implications that one’s adopted view has on important questions such as: 1. The Nature of and mode of God’s foreknowledge 2. The Nature of Divine Sovereignty 3. The Nature of Human Freedom Divine Foreknowledge: Four Views is a necessary and timely book. Although, church history bears witness to a diversity of opinions regarding the nature and content of God’s divine foreknowledge, the need for careful and scholarly examination remains as relevant and important as any point in church history. An encroaching, imperious secularism...
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...percent of the American population identifies themselves as either being Catholic or Protestant (Pew Research 1). This is not set in stone of course. As it was mentioned earlier, the United States advocates religious freedom, and is home to a myriad of different faiths from all over the world. The indoctrination of American children into an organized form of religion starts very early. Various faiths, including Christianity, Hinduism and Judaism, have ritual baptisms for young children for one symbolic meaning or another. Baptism, as a practice, has been around for thousands of years. Artwork depicts this practice (Figure 1) , such as the painting by Annibale Carracci where John baptizes Jesus. Thereafter, many children in the United States will have exposure to church, Sunday school, bible camps and/or formal parochial lessons, all of which are have central themes of religion. Another form of religious exposure, especially prevalent in the United States, is the commercialization of different religious holidays. Specifically Christian holidays, many children’s first memories of religion will be Christmas or Easter, and while the original message has become quite convoluted, the impression remains just as powerful. Vast number of Americans have a parochial school upbringing. Parochial schools are largely private schools, which stress the importance of conduct, discipline, and religious theology, while meeting the general education curriculum standards for their respective areas...
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...Essay 1 What Goad means by White Niggers have feeling too is that every ethnic group and rich whites feel it’s okay to pick on poor white rural white people. What he does is compare the word “Redneck” with the word “Nigger” in how they are both used in today’s society through news stories. The double standard comes into play because one word is ok to use to describe poor white trash “Redneck” while the other word used to describe poor black trash “Nigger” is unacceptable. He uses the dictionary as an example of the double standard for both words. The word “Nigger” has a one word definition as “negro” with an apologetic disclaimer basically saying that it “is only acceptably used in Black English and very taboo to use because of its link with slavery” (Goad, 21). While the term “Redneck” is defined “as a poor, white, rural southerner often, specif., often one is regarded as ignorant, bigoted, violent, etc…” (Goad, 21) Essay 2 Goad traces back class conflict to Preroman times when people were hunter gathers who either traveled alone or in small groups. When the alone people ran into these small groups they were prey just as the smaller groups were prey for larger ones. By necessity these groups became loosely netted communities of clans who stuck together or were taken over by invaders. These groups were usually absorbed into the centralized agriculture slave states by force. The occurred when the men who wanted to remain outside the city slave states who hunted alone...
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...CHRISTIAN ETHICS IN A POSTMODERN WORLD The Rise of Postmodernity Since Federico de Onis’s use of the term ‘postmodernismo’ to describe the Spanish and Latin-American poetry of 1905-1914 which had reacted against the ‘excess’ of modernism in 1934, (Rose 1991: 171) “Postmodernism” became very popular. It has been used in the fields of art (Christo-Bakargiev 1987), architecture (Pevsner 1967), literature (Hassan 1971), video, economics, films (James 1991), ideology (Larrain 1994: 90-118), theology (Tilley at al 1995), and philosophy (Griffin et al 1993). In trying to understand ‘postmodern’, we have to understand ‘modern’ first. According to Rose (1991: 1), there are many related yet different meanings associated with the term ‘modern’. First of all, Arnold J. Toynbee understands modern as referring to the historical phenomenon of The most significant of the conclusions that suggest themselves is that the word ‘modern’ in the term ‘Modern Western Civilization’, can, without inaccuracy, be given a more precise and concrete connotation by being translated ‘middle class’. Western communities became ‘modern’ in the accepted Modern Western meaning of the word, just as soon as they had succeeded in producing a bourgeoisie that was both numerous enough and competent enough to become the predominant element in society. We think of the new chapter of Western history that opened at the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries as being ‘modern’ par excellence because...
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...Core Assessment Project Corinna Sullwold |Religion Name |Cult of Pharaoh - Ancient |Mayan/Aztec - Ancient | |Origins of the religion: |Between 10000 and 7000 BCE a group of ancient Egyptians settled in the Nile Valley. |Mayan religion was founded c.250AD which is the rise of the Mayan civilization | |It's Founder, dates, Key Figures, Historical |7000 – 3000 BCD the people became organized into separate villages. After 3000 BCE |(http://www.religionfacts.com/mayan-religion) | |Development, Cosmogony (creation stories), |hieroglyphics were developed after the independent villages become united under one |Aztec formed between the 12th and 15th centuries AD. | |Myths |kingdom. They were then ruled by one imperial Pharaoh. |(http://www.aztec-history.com/aztec-timeline.html) | | | |Religion for both cultures was a central part of their daily lives. They prayed and | |HOW THE RELIGION STARTED … ...
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...Written by Ryahn Hablitzel The proper use of music in worship remains a difficult topic in the Christian church. Music, intensely complex, can be interpreted in many different ways. Typically, the topic of music and worship is approached with considerable bias for or against certain forms; however, this topic will be approached with the assumption that appropriate worship styles are difficult to universally define because of complex cultural differences. Musical worship comprises a God-centered activity entirely focused on Him. In order for music to fulfill this purpose, inspired perspectives, musical linguistics, and a synthesis of current implications must be considered. An inspired perspective of musical worship Throughout the Bible, inspired writers conveyed their messages through the avenue of song. Moses and the children of Israel lifted their voices in inspired adoration to the Lord after being delivered from the Egyptians at the Red Sea. In Deuteronomy 32, Moses again uses music to impress the minds of his audience in a historical and prophetic utterance.1 The entire book of the Psalms presents a mixture of musical meditations clearly fixated upon the Torah and the Messiah. Clearly, God uses music as an avenue to impress truth upon His people. In addition to the impartation of biblical truth, inspired writers recognize music’s ability to turn the thoughts of worshipers toward God. Within the school of the prophets, “Music was made to serve a holy purpose, to lift...
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...Slide 1 (title) - Huh? That’s what some of you might be saying to yourselves right now. What’s that word? How do you say it? What is Judaism? Well let us talk about Judaism. Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. Just like some of you may have a certain religion such as Christian, Catholic, Baptist, etc. there are others, including children like you, that practice Judaism and are thus Jews or Jewish. Judaism is the first recorded, meaning first written down, faith or religion that believes in only one God. This makes it the oldest religious tradition still in practice today! Slide 1 (bottom section) - Jews believe in a single God who knows everything, is very, very powerful, and is in all places at all times – no one or nothing can hide from Him. Jewish people also believe that God is always kind and that He created the universe and continues to manage it. This God is fair and forgiving and has no human form or representation. Slide 2 - According to traditional Jewish belief, a Covenant, an agreement between God and the Jewish people was made when God gave his laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of the Torah. The Torah has 613 commandments from God which are known as “sacred obligations”. In other words these are all the things the Jewish people have to do to make God happy. These are kind of like instructions given by God to the Jewish people that teach them how to act, think, and understand life and death, as well as God’s...
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...Existential Case Study of George Costanza A Conceptualization and Treatment Plan Abstract An existential case study of G.C. was developed to address his maladaptive behaviors caused from strong generalized anxiety, relational, and employment concerns. The treatment was prompted by his employer who wanted to make sure G.C. could work professionally. A brief introduction of G.C. is followed by an introduction to Existential therapy and its theory and principles. Existential psychotherapy, with a focus on growth and development, is an approach that primarily utilizes the therapeutic relationship and has no specific methodology. Four givens or major concerns in Existentialism are identified and three target areas are determined. Several Existential approaches are used to reach experiential goals for the client. The addition of spirituality to the treatment modality is considered for its utility, compatibility, and possible incompatibility. Empirical evidence is used to support the treatment choices and the rational for the sequence of changes. The anticipated progress and results are considered with possible challenges to the process. Existential Case Study of George Costanza A Conceptualization and Treatment Plan A gentleman with strong generalized anxiety issues was referred by his employer for counseling. It was decided that the most effective approach would be Existential psychotherapy because of its flexibility and efficacy with all of the issues. In addition, the client’s...
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...area which we needed to control in order to solidify our pilgrimage in the pagan east. I am a minor cousin of Bohemond the leader of the mighty Normans. I joined in this first crusade to the east because I saw it as an opportunity for work in this dying profession of knighthood. That and my family decided that it was imperative that I undergo the journey. I finally heard the horn call for a cease to the marching for the day. As tired as I was I knew that sitting down to rest would only make matters worse, because my work was not quite done. I was tasked with walking through the camp to oversee the work. Every time that we stopped for the day, a perimeter had to be set up, and the camp properly set up and defended. Thankfully the footmen were there to do much of the physical labor, be it digging defensive ditches, or pits away from the main camp for the latrines. I looked out over the camp, much smaller now that a portion of our forces, headed by Baldwin and Tancred, broke off into the Cilician region. No one is sure if it was because of an argument or plans within plans. My gaze however kept snapping back to the terrifying mountain range, Anti-Taurus, whose peaks were colossal edifices thrust into the sky. Crossing that range was going to be a trial that would push all of us pilgrims to our limits both mentally and physically. Those of us that survived this arduous trek would be lucky enough to bottle up Antioch and lay siege to one of the top three most prominent...
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...Chapters 41-45 Chapters 46-50 Chapters 51-54 5 8 12 15 20 23 26 29 33 36 39 42 MAJOR CHARACTER ANALYSIS 45 Simon Karl Josek Arthur Adam Bolek Karl’s Mother 45 45 46 46 47 47 47 THEMES 49 SYMBOLS AND MOTIFS 51 COPYRIGHT 2016 THE SUNFLOWER SUPERSUMMARY 2 IMPORTANT QUOTES 53 ESSAY TOPICS 61 COPYRIGHT 2016 THE SUNFLOWER SUPERSUMMARY 3 PLOT OVERVIEW The Sunflower by Simon Wiesenthal is a book of non-fiction. The first section, also titled “The Sunflower,” is an account of Wiesenthal’s experience as a concentration camp prisoner under the Nazi regime. In the account, Wiesenthal describes his life in Poland prior to the German occupation, his experiences of anti-Semitism within the Polish culture, and his life as a concentration camp prisoner. He describes life in the concentration camp, the continuous humiliations, the hunger, the illness, and the constant threat of death. Central to the narrative in “The Sunflower” is the story of Simon being summoned to the deathbed of a young Nazi soldier whom Simon calls Karl and who has been wounded in combat. Karl confesses to Simon his activities against Jewish people, which he did in the service of the Nazi regime, and tells Simon he cannot die in peace unless Simon, a Jewish person, forgives him for the things he has done to Jewish people. Simon, after hearing the detailed confession, leaves the room without giving forgiveness. This experience...
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..."hot" conflict. At the end of World War II, at the Yalta Conference, Germany was divided into four occupied zones controlled by Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Berlin was also divided into four sections. Lack of a mutual agreement on German re-unification was a important background of the Cold War. And on March 5, 1946, Winston Churchill, gave his "iron curtain" speech while at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, which marked the start of the Cold War. The cold war did not end until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. During this period, the United States and the USSR confronted each other in politics, economy, ideology, and so on. And they nearly divided this world into two camps, socialist camp and capitalist camp, what made the conflict on ideology especially sharp. Every incident in the world could not happened without reasons, and the original cause may happened quite long ago. So there are long term causes and short causes of the Cold War. One of the short term causes is that the US President had a personal dislike of the Soviet leader Josef Stalin. At the Potsdam Conference starting in late July 1945, serious differences emerged over the future development of Germany and Eastern Europe. At Potsdam, the US was represented by a new president, Harry S. Truman, who on April 12 succeeded to the office upon Roosevelt's death. Truman was unaware of Roosevelt's plans for post-war engagement with the Soviet Union, and more generally...
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...Atheism, Buddhism, Secular Humanism and Scientology. 3. What is Paul Tillich's definition for religion, and why do Hopfe and Woodward consider its development too broad? a) Paul Tillich defines religion as, “that which is of ultimate concern”. Hopfe and Woodward consider the development of Tillich’s definition of religion too broad for a world religions course because a philosophical exploration of Tillich’s definition of religion, yields many an individuals personal belief of what is of ultimate concern hardly lending to the general understanding of popular or mainstream religions they hope to accomplish in this text. 4. Explain E. B. Tylor's theory concerning the origin and evolution of religion. What is animism, and to what, "ultimately" and "finally," did Tylor think it evolved? a) E.B. Tylor’s theory regarding the origin and evolution of religion is that primitive people developed a sense of other or soul from their experiences with death and dreams. Animism is the belief that nature, natural phenomena and the universe itself all possess some kind of soul. Tylor believes animism evolved into polytheistic views and ultimately into monotheism. 5. To what does the term "mana" refer?...
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...Edberg Espinoza Writing Studies II Lindsey Wilson College 5/1/2015 Socialism in Cuba and Venezuela The Socialist ideology policy that titles those philosophies and political actions that protect an economic and political system founded on the organization of production systems and social control by an organized bottom-up workers' state, economic and political sectors to evade that a minority of citizens owning the means of to exercise the abuse of a majority that does not possess the means of production is enforced to sell their labor in exchange for a salary. This socialist ideology has been enforced in two countries for several years; Cuba and Venezuela, but this has not been solved yet, and it’s a topic that everybody should knew something. I will start with Cuba and then Venezuela, and then I will compare them so the reader can know the similarities between them. The first intentions to implement socialism in Cuba come with Fidel Castro and Ernesto "Che" Guevara and his attempts to overthrow the dictatorship of then-President Fulgencio Batista, the dictatorial president was unconditional ally of the United States . They had already had approaches with communist leaders especially from Mexico, there was brewing a plan for the dissemination of communist ideas and policies, especially at the head of Leon Trotsky. In the Cuban revolution that culminated in Batista fled and the establishment of Fidel Castro in power in 1959, who in four years as the island proclaimed socialist...
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