...Introduction Philosophy of religion is a branch of philosophy concerned with questions regarding religion, including the nature and existence of God, the examination of religious experience, analysis of religious vocabulary and texts, and the relationship of religion and science. It is an ancient discipline, being found in the earliest known manuscripts concerning philosophy, and relates to many other branches of philosophy and general thought, including metaphysics, logic, and history. Philosophy of religion is frequently discussed outside of academia through popular books and debates, mostly regarding the existence of God and problem of evil. The philosophy of religion differs from religious philosophy in that it seeks to discuss questions regarding the nature of religion as a whole, rather than examining the problems brought forth by a particular belief system. It is designed such that it can be carried out dispassionately by those who identify as believers or non-believers. Religion: A Part of Metaphysics Philosophy of religion has classically been regarded as a part of metaphysics. In Aristotle's Metaphysics, the necessarily prior cause of eternal motion was an unmoved mover, who, like the object of desire, or of thought, inspires motion without itself being moved. This, according to Aristotle, is God, the subject of study in theology. Today, however, philosophers have adopted the term philosophy of religion for the subject, and typically it is regarded...
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...Study Guide: Lesson 2 The Importance of Philosophy in General Lesson Overview Having discussed what philosophy is, we now consider why it is important to study philosophy. We will divide our discussion into 2 parts: (1) Why is it important for all persons in general and (2) Why is it specifically important for Christians to study philosophy? We begin, in true philosophic fashion, by examining the question itself: what do mean by philosophy being important and we introduce the idea of the philosophic mindset. We then examine 5 reasons why it is important for all persons to adopt the philosophic mindset. We will end by providing an overview of the different branches of philosophy. Tasks Read and take notes from chapter 2 of Philosophy: Critically Thinking about Foundational Beliefs, “Why is Philosophy Important?” As you read, make sure you understand the following points and questions: * What is meant by the philosophical mindset? A philosophical mindset is an attitude or approach to life that involves regularly examining beliefs to ascertain what they mean, if they are true and what value they have. A philosophical mindset approaches new information critically. It involves questioning, reflecting and considering the meaning, value and truthfulness of what one sees, reads or hears. (Mark W. Foreman. Prelude to Philosophy: Thinking Critically About Foundational Beliefs. 2012) * How does the job/vocation analogy apply to adopting the philosophical mindset...
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...Head: EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY 1 Educational Philosophy MTE/501 EDUCATIONAL PHILOSPHY 2 Abstract I will discuss my beliefs about teaching, students’ abilities, knowledge and my philosophy on education. Teaching is approached different from each teacher to the teacher. I have the belief that every student need to be encourage so they can be something positive in life. My personal philosophy of education and all five philosophies could use in the classroom depending on the environment of the classroom. In my philosophy inventory I scored being a perennialism thinking in my approach about educating students, that the gives the human side of the science and focuses on personal development. EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY 3 Educational Philosophy The belief about teaching is various from teacher to teacher. It has been long understood of that some beliefs are more important than others to educators. Since teaching beliefs are products personal beliefs and values of knowledge, society, education and politics, it is very hard to set apart from their life beliefs. Lucas (2002) stated, “Belief change during adulthood is relatively rare phenomenon the most common cause being a conversion from the authority to another on a shift. Individual tends to hold on beliefs based on incorrect or incomplete knowledge even after scientifically correct Explanations are prescribed to them.” The belief of students is everyone...
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...Educational Philosophy Paper Beliefs about Teaching and Learning A teacher should know student’s psychology and should be dedicated toward the job. She should have sufficient knowledge about her subject and set challenging tasks for students. Final and most important teaching is such a vast field of study that a teacher should also keep on learning. On the other hand, a student learns best when learning is authentic. To enhance student learning, the school’s environment should be based on students’ s emotional and educational needs. A teacher should maintain positive relationship with the student and seek different methods to help the students to learn. Students usually learn best when they know they can. Beliefs about Students Each student has different needs. To make the students learn teachers need to engage them actively in learning. Teachers need to teach them from their point of view that is how they can learn better? We need to use different instructional methods. Beliefs about Knowledge The area of knowledge is very vast so a teacher must have the knowledge of whatever she will teach. Knowledge comes from information. So as many as sources a teacher has for information, she will have better knowledge of her field. But knowledge does not end if one has enough knowledge about something but also the way she delivers knowledge. Beliefs about What is Worth Knowing It makes worth...
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...Personal Educational Philosophy One’s personal educational philosophy reflects one’s beliefs about instruction and curriculum. Those beliefs are the result of personal preference, level of training, and individual understandings about how children learn. Additionally, the teaching environment influences one’s philosophy; there are certain non-negotiable aspects of both curriculum and instruction that are under the control of district, state and federal administrations. My own philosophy is no different, my beliefs and understandings have grown and changed as I gained experience. Certain requirements of my school and public schools in general have affected my philosophy; I have adapted and modified for what is, to make my philosophy compatible with reality. The results of my philosophy assessment, as seen on the chart below, did not surprise me. My beliefs fit into pattern four (Wiles, Bondi, & Sowell, 2002) which in my case is an inverted “U” shape. That I appear to have strong beliefs in different systems is consistent with my own understandings of philosophy. Perennialism is the weakest strand of my philosophy, closely followed by idealism, which suggests that I do not agree with highly structured teacher directed learning. Interestingly, my beliefs regarding realism and existentialism nearly equally flank my strongest beliefs which fall into the experimentalism category. Since I view experimentalism as a combination of realism and existentialism, the pattern seems to...
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...Developing a Philosophy of Leadership A leadership philosophy is the way we see ourselves as leaders. This philosophy guides our actions, our behaviors, and our thoughts. Our philosophies are influenced by external and internal forces. We can change who we are as leaders by simply changing our philosophy of leadership. Leadership philosophies can change as you grow to understand yourself within the context of leading. Creating or finding your leadership philosophy means that you must explore and reflect upon your personal values, assumptions, and beliefs about leadership. Personal values are qualities or characteristics that you value. You would rather leave an organization or step down as a leader than violate your values. Your values guide your intentions and they influence how you lead. When your personal values are clear and you are conscious of them, you create a solid foundation for leading. Assumptions are ideas that are assumed or believed to be true. As a leader it is important to understand what assumptions fuel your leadership thinking. Often leaders are not aware of the assumptions because they are operating from certain paradigms that will not allow them to see assumptions. Reflection into one’s leadership is an excellent way to uncover assumptions. Beliefs are ideas that we hold to be true; they shape our realities. If a leader believes that the only individuals in an organization that can make decisions is the management staff, then that belief will influence...
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...Concerning Human Understanding SECTION V: Skeptical Solution of these Doubts Skeptical Philosophy Philosophical Therapy Hellenistic schools of philosophy sought tranquility They engaged in philosophy not so much in the pursuit of truth or meaning or justification, but in pursuit of relief from various types of anxiety Stoics for example, sought tranquility through removing dissatisfaction (a state in which the world does not fit with one’s desires), and they did philosophy to show that the way to do this is not by trying to change the world to fit our desires but by trying to change our minds/desires to fit the world. Epicureans sought tranquility through the stability of a moderately pleasurable life that avoids extremes of pleasure and pain, and they used philosophy to undermine sources of anxiety and motivation for seeking extremes--e.g., the fear of death and the desire to please the gods. Philosophical ‘Rationalizations’ Hume observes that most philosophy (and religion) are subject to a certain ‘inconvenience.’ This inconvenience is that while they promote the perfection of our manners and the cultivation of wisdom they really serve to foster certain ‘predominant inclinations.’ I think this is essentially making the point that philosophies are frequently used to ‘rationalize’ our preconceptions, biases, prejudices, etc. Academic Philosophy The one philosophy that is not subject to this inconvenience is that of academic skepticism, since it is explicitly...
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...Curriculum Philosophy Mandy Mohr Grand Canyon University- EDA 561 March 23, 2016 Curriculum Philosophy Introduction Personal philosophies of education are at the core of what makes up a good educator. Strong personal beliefs are the core reasoning for why people choose their professions. In education, personal philosophies are essential, meaningful, and so important because those beliefs will affect thousands of other stakeholder throughout ones career. For schools, understandings and commitment to philosophies is the driving force behind curriculum and instruction (GCU, 2010). It is important for school leaders to examine their own personal philosophies of education to determine which of the five educational philosophies it falls into; perennialist, idealist, realist, experimentalist, and existentialist. The following material accounts for a reflection on the results of my own personal philosophy according to Wiles & Bondi (2007) and their personal preference philosophy assessment. Following the results is d as well as my own relations and beliefs of educations in correlation to the five educational philosophies. What is your Philosophy? =============================================================== 8 =============================================================== 7 =============================================================== 6 6 6.2 Strength of Belief Strength of Belief =============================================================== ...
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...lifetime of influence N-460 Leadership for Change in Healthcare Philosophy of Nursing Introduction: The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) embodied the view that values “are beliefs or ideals to which an individual is committed and which are reflected in patterns of behavior. Professional values are the foundation for practice; they guide interactions with patients, colleagues, other professionals, and the public. Values provide the framework for commitment to patient welfare, fundamental to professional nursing practice” (AACN, 1998, p. 8). Through your previous coursework, you have explored various concepts, frameworks, and theories in previous courses; liberal studies and nursing courses. In this senior course, you will continue to explore these concepts by focusing on the course outcomes that involve integration of disciplinary frameworks to communicate effectively with individuals and aggregates in diverse settings, apply ethical frameworks, principles, codes and professional standards of practice in clinical decision-making and professional conduct, and conduct a reflective self-assessment to demonstrate attitudes and behaviors of responsible membership in the profession and community. This exploration will continue throughout your senior year of study, which will affirm, alter and/or expand the philosophy you develop this semester. Outcome: You will succinctly articulate a personal philosophy of nursing, clearly reflective of the American Nurses Association’s...
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...Running Head: THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCRATES 1 The Philosophy of Socrates: A Lover of Wisdom (2052 Words) THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCRATES 2 The lessons of life that are delivered by Socrates act as a basis for Western philosophy. Plato, the writer of The Apology, significantly respects Socrates and his dialogues act as a framework for our understanding in the passages. Our only record of his life comes from his associates, as Socrates never documented his opinions. A clear expression of Socrates’ philosophy is represented in The Apology. The purpose of this paper is to establish a clear demonstration of Socrates’ philosophy using The Apology as reference, and also explain my personal view on philosophy. In the first section of this paper, the famous statement from Socrates, “The unexamined life is not worth living”, will be connected when explaining three principle components of his philosophy: Irony, Method and Ethos. The second section of this paper will reveal my personal view on philosophy. Rahut’s claim on philosophy being the study of “open questions” will be supported by examples and descriptions. In the case that a question cannot be accurately answered or proven with our existing knowledge, I demonstrate that it should be classified as an ‘open question’. Throughout section 17-18 of The...
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...Study Guide: Lesson 1 What is Philosophy? Lesson Overview Welcome to this introductory course in philosophy. For our first lesson, we are going to examine the question: What is philosophy? There are 4 ways you can get to know what a discipline is: define it, describe it, contrast and compare it with other disciplines, and finally experience it. In this first lesson, we will aim to accomplish the first 3 of these activities. The rest of the course will be an exercise in experiencing philosophy. Tasks View and take notes of the presentation, “Misconceptions about Philosophy”. Read and take notes from chapter 1 of Prelude to Philosophy: An Introduction for Christians, “What is Philosophy?” As you read, make sure you understand the following points and questions: • List 4 reasons students often presuppose a low view of philosophy. o They think you have to be super intelligent to do philosophy o Most students study it late in their academic development o Most people do not think philosophy is practical o They do not know what it is or how it can benefit them • Know Socrates’ quote: What is the unexamined life? What did he mean when he said it wasn’t worth living? o Socrates was saying that the unexamined life is when people go through the motions of life without making the effort to reflect and think about what life is about. When Socrates says the unexamined life is not worth living, he is saying that we are...
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...Developing a Philosophy of Leadership A leadership philosophy is the way we see ourselves as leaders. This philosophy guides our actions, our behaviors, and our thoughts. Our philosophies are influenced by external and internal forces. We can change who we are as leaders by simply changing our philosophy of leadership. Leadership philosophies can change as you grow to understand yourself within the context of leading. Creating or finding your leadership philosophy means that you must explore and reflect upon your personal values, assumptions, and beliefs about leadership. Personal values are qualities or characteristics that you value. You would rather leave an organization or step down as a leader than violate your values. Your values guide your intentions and they influence how you lead. When your personal values are clear and you are conscious of them, you create a solid foundation for leading. Assumptions are ideas that are assumed or believed to be true. As a leader it is important to understand what assumptions fuel your leadership thinking. Often leaders are not aware of the assumptions because they are operating from certain paradigms that will not allow them to see assumptions. Reflection into one’s leadership is an excellent way to uncover assumptions. Beliefs are ideas that we hold to be true; they shape our realities. If a leader believes that the only individuals in an organization that can make decisions is the management staff, then that belief will influence...
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...|Eastern philosophy | |Vs | |Western Philosophy | |Compare eastern and western philosophy | | | |Kimberly Lynn Stachowski | | | |PHI-105 Introduction to Philosophy | | | |September 11,2011 | | ...
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...Philosophy of Professional Nursing Kim Lopez American Sentinel University Philosophy of Professional Nursing The profession of nursing is sculpted by philosophies, theories and science. Theses components connect on another through the nursing process. The professional nurse’s philosophies shape practices, beliefs and nursing. Butts and Rich (2015) describe philosophy as a search for meaning and a set of beliefs. Nurses encounter many situations where their philosophies and beliefs guide their nursing judgment and decisions. As the nursing profession has evolved from a profession of skills to one of knowledge it is important to understand the overall discipline and the knowledge that motivates the thought and actions of the nurse (Butts & Rich, 2015). The development of theoretical formulations by nurse scholars has guided efforts to identifying what the core beliefs of nursing are. Theory development can be traced back to the writings of Florence Nightingale’s notes on nursing which altered the status of nursing from that of a domestic service to that of a profession (Selanders & Crane, 2012). When reflecting on my personal and profession philosophy, I found that looking at the traditional metaparadigm of nursing that includes person, environment, nursing and health (Butts & Rich, 2015) aided me in connecting my personal reflections, values, and beliefs with my professional outlook on my nursing practices. Personal Philosophy Nursing, for me, is more than a profession...
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...RUNNING HEAD: PHILOSOPHY 1 Thinking Critically: Philosophies of Life Michele Brown Eastern Nazarene College East Meets West Western Philosophy and Globalization CP 290 August 15, 2013 PHILOSOPHY 2 For centuries philosophers have been examining the significance of life. Throughout the content of this paper I will specifically look at the following philosophies, stoicism, existentialism, hedonism, and Buddhism. These philosophies if adopted may contribute to ones’ own answer when determining the significance of their own life. The thinkers have established clear characteristics to each of these philosophies. I will discuss some of these attributes and share my view on what philosophy I identify most with and why. I am planning to additionally share what I do not like about the other beliefs. The philosophy that most resembles my thinking is stoicism. I believe in God our only one true creator. According to a true stoic our...
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