...Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Appendix Works Cited 3 4 6 12 14 20 22 35 2 Abstract In today’s society there are photos everywhere; they are in magazines, advertisements, newspapers, and books because photos make the text or the story stand out. Some may not know it, but most of these photos have been edited and retouched. This research paper attempted to determine the majority opinion of what types of photo editing was above the tolerable limit, as well as the public awareness of media manipulation. The different levels of photo editing included changing the contrast, removal of blemishes and dust, addition/removal of objects, and addition/removal of main subjects. The results revealed that most people are aware of photoshopping in the media and they suspected there was more photo editing in magazines and advertisements than newspapers. 3 Chapter 1 In every publication there are most likely photos accompanying articles, advertisements, or exist as an article by themselves. Pictures help support an article, promote a product, tell a story, and bring the viewer in. Nowadays there are an abundance of software programs that help edit photos. These programs are also continuously improving, making editing much easier. Artists and photographers enjoy using this software because of all the opportunities they have to make their pictures even better. However, when it comes to publishing a photo in a magazine, newspaper, or advertisement there should be a limit...
Words: 6764 - Pages: 28
...The ever popular debate about photo manipulation is known to all photographers; amateurs and experts alike. Does this process enhance images or distort the truth? Photo manipulation has been around about as long as photography. There are examples that date back to as early as 1860. With the digital age, photo manipulation has taken huge leaps. You can see examples of digital manipulation in almost everything in today’s digital age, from advertisements to high end photo galleries. It is second nature. So second nature that we do not even think about some aspects of it and how it has changed and is continuing to change the world of photography. Is the subtle alterations to color balance or contrast considered photo manipulation?” That depends. Are you trying to change a mood, or trying to deceive the viewer in any way? Or are you making an artistic illusion? Does it matter which you are doing? Therein lays the debate: Photo Manipulations; is this a new dilemma and where do we draw the line? So what exactly is photo manipulation? According to Reference.com photo manipulation is the application of image editing techniques to photographs in order to create an illusion or deception (in contrast to mere enhancement or correction), through analog or digital means. (reference) So what exactly is photo editing? Thefreedictionary.com defines edit as a means to revise, correct, or improve… (reference), so that would mean revise, correct, or improve a photo. Photo...
Words: 2007 - Pages: 9
...magazine as well, as it responds to current socio-political issues and promotes the cross connection of fashion and politics. With a vast audience comes great responsibility of those behind the creation and edition of the magazine. After all, fashion is a tool of communication that sets roles and promotes ideas and participates at the formation of its followers. A lot of criticism was ascribed to Vogue as a promoter of unrealistically perfect bodies and flawless visages that reinforce our stereotypes of what beauty consists of and what not. Nevertheless, besides the magazine's promotion of stereotypical beauty, at the same time other stereotypes are being attacked and broken down by the Vogue magazine. Vogue is mainly a collection of photoshopping ads of luxury products and models that do not capture reality but stereotypical representation of women. According to some readers, listing through the photographic essays, one is being transported into a dream-like world. The fantasy, the fairy-tale models with perfect figures make us dream for a while. However, one has to take into account the impact that beauty as a stereotypical construction leaves on the readers and in those cases enchanting yet elusive fantasy is a weak argument. Recently, the pop-singer and promoter of self-acceptance, Adele, appeared on the new Vogue cover with a...
Words: 1160 - Pages: 5
...Our Bodies in the Media In any civilization appearance has a huge impact on the daily lives, of those living in it. Some cultures favor piercings, others strength, some wear clothes, others do not. The contributing factors for how they appear, typically go back to traditional roots. Our culture in the US, although influenced by our history, now has to deal with an almost daily changes seen in the media. It is nearly impossible to keep up with what is “in” and how we are “supposed” to look. With so much advertising and media focusing on a particular self image, there is no doubt why so many people struggle with accepting their self image. Both males and females, are both affected by man different outlets. Whether it be a victoria secret magazine, a commercial,social media, or a toy figuring, there are a number of contributing sources to our image. Being a male myself, I can’t fully appreciate the relationship of a womans body image and the media, but I can get a pretty good idea based on observations and experience. Social media has become one of the biggest, if not the biggest influence on young people today. The fact that there many different words being created in reference to this, shows the impact it is having. For example the term “selfie” never existed before Facebook was invented. This effect can often often be seen as a negative, as Miribel Tran points out “Social media is prevalent in society today, and it has been scientifically linked with causing depression...
Words: 1107 - Pages: 5
...Young women are being stereotyped throughout the media in many different such as being in magazines, adds, movies etc The media gives young girls that read or watch these an idea of what media see's as a perfect girl. In magazines aimed for girls between 13-17 their will always be an article focusing on boys. Usually its either boyfriend advice, how to impress a guy, photos of heart throbes . These types of magazines stereotype that all girls are crazy about boys and should be focusing on how to impress them. Most teenage girls around the world are influenced by what the media says and does. Teenage magazines are basically to do with fashion and beauty and have lots of images of pretty young rich girls . This popular magazine Teen Vogue http://au.eonline.com/eol_images/Entire_Site/2012030/reg_634.teecover.ls.13012.jpg characterises a typical teenage girl. In this cover you see sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner. They come from a wealthy background and are step sisters of the famous reality show " Keeping up with the Kardashians". These two sisters are a perfect examples of how young girsl would dream to look like. They are both skinny and pretty , have long straight brown hair , perfect skin, wearing stylish clothes and are wearing minimal make-up. Looking at them you would say that they have the natural beauty look. Having images like this on teen magazine covers can make teenage girls have more doubt about themseleves . It also causes low self esteem for normal teens girls...
Words: 425 - Pages: 2
...Advertising Photoshopped Women Lorrie Myren Western Governors University Issues in Behavioral Science GLT1-111.6.2-12 Evelyn Giddens, PhD Abstract In the United States, an estimated 50 percent of young women and girls are dissatisfied with their body image. This percentage can be as high as 80 percent according to some psychologists. In the last 20 years, this estimate has grown due to the increased use of digital enhancement used in media advertising, namely Photoshop. (Purtle, 2012) ("Mirror, mirror", n.d.) Studies have shown that American children receive an estimated 5,260 messages of attractiveness through the media, by adolescence. The United States also has the world’s highest rates of obesity and eating disorders. This statistic crosses a melting pot of backgrounds and cultures which eliminates any genetic reason; instead societal messages from the media should be addressed. (Ross, n.d.) Advertising Photoshopped Women Social problem Eating disorders in the United States has been a social problem for many years, with up to 24 million people of all ages and genders affected. 50 percent of these people also fit the criteria for depression and only 35 percent of these receive treatment. Considered a norm violation type of social problem, many eating disorders are directly and indirectly caused by the media advertising digitally altered body images in their campaigns. ("Eating disorders statistics", n.d.) Thus, the problem can now be considered a...
Words: 1019 - Pages: 5
...My Responsibility to America Martin Luther King Jr. once said, “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” As a citizen of the United States, it is my job to ensure that equality is upheld in every possible setting. My responsibility is to stand up for those who have been wronged and to speak up for prejudices still prevalent in today’s society. I am blessed enough to know all of America’s freedoms, won at costs I am forever grateful for, and this is why I must use what I have been given to help others acquire those same freedoms. I must keep an open mind to new ideas and know exactly where I stand politically, as well as staying tuned in to what is happening outside of our country, in order to make a difference in today’s...
Words: 521 - Pages: 3
...use celebrities, it could be misleading due to the simple fact that those celebrities most likely do not truthfully use the products they promote. Celebrities get paid mass amounts of money to say what the companies want them to, but most of the time, celebrities do not use those items. American television is a free market, if the companies want to be unethical in the promotions of their products, it is their right to do so because they know consequences that could happen. Take Katy Perry for example, she is the main promoter for Proactive, and before her it was Demi Lovato. Both had seemingly flawless skin before the product ever came out. So how do consumers really know if it works? Then advertisers could have used fake pictures or photoshopping methods to project the look of acne on both of their “before” pictures in the commercial. Even though some advertisers are unethical and dishonest, those companies’ choices will reflect back on them in the long...
Words: 652 - Pages: 3
...prisoners is good for the company so they can treat prisoners with low fares, but think about all the other people that aren’t in prison and need jobs. Does Victoria’s Secret really think that people would want to wear something that is made by a prisoner? Prisoners are meant to be in prison to face consequences of things they have done wrong. Victoria’s Secret is also among many production companies that uses child labor. Victoria’s Secret uses mostly cotton in their products and gets it from the Burkina Faso, the name of the cotton trade company. This company is the one that uses child labor which associates Victoria’s Secret along with it. Child labor is cruel and no child should be going through hard work and pay at that age. Photoshopping in advertisements is how Victoria’s Secret shows off their brand, thus is why they are such a bad company. Photoshop is not how you should show off your models figure. The company is basically trying to say you should look like this when you buy our product and if not than maybe our product isn’t meant for you. Almost every commercial, advertisement in a catalogue or online has shown Victoria’s Secret models photoshopped and looking unusual. Girls shouldn’t show a different body than their own and they should not hate the way they look. “In early November of this year, Victoria’s Secret launched their “Perfect Body” campaign using an ad featuring ten thin models.” “The Internet “got pretty upset,” as Cosmopolitan magazine admits” ( Cosmopolitan...
Words: 718 - Pages: 3
...Brand Audit Part I Victoria’s Secret A. Company: Victoria’s Secret Inc. is the largest American retailer of women’s lingerie and the largest subsidiary of Limited Brands. The company sells lingerie, as well as other apparel, footwear, fragrances, and cosmetics. Founded in 1977 by Roy and Gaye Raymond, their first store opened in San Francisco, California and are currently headquartered in Columbus, Ohio, U.S, with current parent company as L Brands. The company has 1,149 stores including 1,098 stores in the US, 10 in the UK and 41 in Canada. Victoria’s Secret also has 304 franchised stores including 290 Victoria's Secret Beauty & Accessories stores, 13 Victoria's Secret International stores and one PINK International store. In 1983, for $1 million, Victoria’s Secret Inc. was sold to Leslie Wexner, who revamped the look of the company. Transforming a three store boutique into a 346 store retailer. In 1989, Victoria’s Secret Inc. executed an advertising campaign featuring for the first time in the company a ten-page insert that appeared in November issues of Elle, Vogue, Vanity Fair, Victoria, House Beautiful, Bon Appetit, New Woman, and People magazines. Later in the early 90s, Victoria’s Secret Inc. was under it’s current parent company, L Brands. They introduced the Miracle Bra, which was competing with Sara Lee’s Wonder Bra. In 2002 they introduced not only swimwear but a lingerie line, PINK, to target younger women. The Victoria's Secret Designer Collection...
Words: 856 - Pages: 4
...Women’s Constant Battle For Beauty Sarah Elisala The Art Institute of Phoenix In attempt to stop the on going race against the clock, women have made it known that they are willing to do whatever it takes for external youth and beauty. Women are taking extreme beauty measures to remain youthful and possess life long beauty, these extreme beauty measures include turning to plastic and cosmetic surgery. Plastic and cosmetic surgery has grown increasingly common over the past decade and has gained more acceptance through out our society. It has been reported by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), that there are well over several million women undergoing cosmetic surgery each year. Women seek opportunity to enhance and ultimately change their appearance by investing thousands of dollars each year in cosmetic and plastic surgical procedures. Women are in a constant fight to keep up with America’s picture perfect ideals, leading to profitable opportunity to not only the fashion industry, but also anti-aging, beauty cosmetics, and skincare industries. These industries develop products, services, and procedures that cater to women seeking alterations in one’s physical appearance, giving women the chance to turn their ultimate dreams of a picture perfect appearance into reality. Every woman at some point in their life, if not being done on a daily basis takes part in daily beauty routine. Whether it be simply washing the face and using moisturizer...
Words: 1001 - Pages: 5
...In R.J. Palacio’s Wonder, Palacio tells the journey of a young boy named August, also known as Auggie Pullman, who for the first time in his life, decides to start attending school despite his facial differences. Palacio uniquely illustrates Auggie’s experience by telling his story from varying perspectives – including from the perspectives of Auggie’s, family, Auggie’s friends and Auggie himself. Notably, Palacio initially refrains from writing a chapter of Auggie’s story from the perspective of one of his peers, Julian, who is time and again referenced throughout the narrative. Julian is the classic “popular” boy in Auggie’s grade. While he gives off the appearance to his teachers that he is a sweet young boy, in actuality he is disrespectful to any of his peers who he deems are not as “cool” as he is. Julian is portrayed as thinking he is better than and above every one else, often doing whatever he wants, whenever he wants, believing there will be no repercussions. If Julian were to describe himself, I believe he would describe himself in the same way he is described by others – using words such as “cool” and “popular” to describe his status, particularly in regard to his classmates. I also believe he would speak with a snobby attitude and self-righteous tone. Additionally, I think Julian knows that he can get away with acting unkindly, which is why he continues to do so, believing even if he acts unkindly, everyone will continue to idealize him and want to be his friend...
Words: 1110 - Pages: 5
...they have to spend. Training is also a huge part to a contestants success in pageants. The training allows children to go through several ideas that help build confidence and to decrease the chance of anxiety among them. It also is to help provide a lot of information on how to answer a question during the “dreaded final question”. Headshots and image consultation classes are also taken in addition to modeling, talent enhancement, platform development, fitness and nutrition classes.Practicing and preparing for pageants take up much time that kids could be playing, sleeping, or be doing school work. Children who participate in pageants are exposed to forms of sexuality that they are not physically ready for. With the amount of makeup, photoshopping profiles, exuberant quantities of hair extensions, and the constant perfecting of a child’s body, people are forcing adulthood way to early. Children at this age don’t understand what contest mean and what they are truly putting themselves out as. The parents of these children are responsible for educating their child the difference between what's right and what is wrong. Instead the parents of pageant kids are teaching the young girls that behaving and dressing like a older women is appropriate. “Sexualization is the tendency to view oneself as a sex object.” Sexualization is shown when young children are being thrown on stage in costumes that are presenting a sexual impression to the audience that causes unwanted attention. Many of...
Words: 1544 - Pages: 7
...Aesthetic Industry Marketing October 2012 GENERAL BACKGROUND: * The NPD Group, Inc., a leading market research company, released results on the men’s skincare market. On track with the sales in the men’s current retail business, men’s skincare sales increased six percent year-to-date (January through July) 2012, compared to the same time last year, generating $45.5 million. In addition, NPD found that at least seven in 10 men are buying facial skincare products for themselves. Today’s man is more concerned than ever with looking good from head to toe and is willing to invest in high-end skincare products. * Among the top 10 men’s sub-segments, six out-performed the category: Facial Moisturizers (+7%), Eye Treatment (+16%), All Other Body* (+13%), Body Cleansers (+16%), and All Other Face** (+30%). * The overall best-selling men’s skincare products for year-to-date 2012 were Clinique’s Skin Supplies for Men Face Scrub 3.4 oz., followed by Skin Supplies for Men: Lotion tube, another Clinique best seller. * According to The NPD Group, Inc., a leading market research company, prestige makeup sales within U.S. Department Stores for the first half of 2012 (January thru June) grew +8 percent to $1.8 billion. Unit sales were up +4 percent to 74 million. * All makeup segments experienced growth in the first half of the year. Some of the biggest winners producing double-digit dollar growth were the segments of Nail and Sets, and sub-segments, Eye Brow, Eye Liner...
Words: 1519 - Pages: 7
...lipstick with last up to 24 hours and they have 7 new shades that are bright and bold. They used Katy for this ad because Katy is a well known singer and actress. Every teenage girl or even young women would adore to be her. She is really popular in the United States. If people buy her product at her concerts such as shirts, hats, and water bottles; then why wouldn’t they buy the lipstick she is wearing in the advertisement? People look at it as if Katy is wearing, they have to wear it; like in her clothes. Whatever a star is wearing usually people tend to think it is cool so they go and buy it too, so they can look alike. Katy really stick up in this advertisement. She does not really look like herself though, with all the makeup and photoshopping. She looks very barbie dollish and fake. It’s like it’s too good to be true. Everything is perfect, too perfect. No one in the real world looks like this, not even the actual good looking people. This is also good for Katy Perry too. It gets her advertising herself as a singer, songwriter, and actress. Not only is the lipstick selling but when people look at this they may think Katy Perry and go listen to her music or look her up. They would buy the lipstick just because Katy Perry has it on. They may go to Katy Perry’s concert just because they saw this and reminded them of her and her songs. I think this ad relates to the essay “Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt” because I think she is putting herself out there. She is wanting to be talked...
Words: 1280 - Pages: 6
