...The electron transport chain is found in both mechanisms of cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Cellular respiration uses a series of redox reactions to transfer electrons and protons across a membrane to form an electrochemical gradient whereas photosynthesis harvests the light as its energy source to form its electrochemical gradient. This proton electrochemical gradient is used to power ATP synthesis via ATP synthase. The simplified overall reactions of photosynthesis and cellular respiration exhibit reciprocity to each other in that the starting material of cellular respiration begins with H¬2O and the breakdown of glucose and ends with CO¬¬2 and H2O to create ATP. Photosynthesis initially utilizes energy from light combined with inorganic...
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...Name _________________________________ Date _____________ Period ______ Lab: Investigating Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Background: All organisms are dependent on a healthy carbon dioxide-oxygen balance. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key processes in maintaining this balance. Plants, through the process of photosynthesis, use energy absorbed from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce sugars and oxygen. Animals and plants, through the process of cellular respiration, use oxygen and sugars to produce carbon dioxide, water, and the energy needed to maintain life. Purpose: To determine how carbon dioxide cycles through a biological system by performing the “Carbon Transfer Through Snails and Elodea” lab activity. Procedure: 1. Read through the background information and purpose. Create your own question for what you are investigating in this experiment. a. Problem (in question form): How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? 2. Obtain 8 test tubes of equal size/volume and number the test tubes 1-8. Fill each test tube with approximately 30 mL of deionized water. 3. Add enough bromothymol blue (BTB) indicator to solution to each test tube to change the water to a green color (about 3 mL). 4. What is Bromothymol Blue? Why is the BTB in the test tube green (Hint: recall the teacher demonstration)? Bromothymol blue is an indicator that changes color when carbon dioxide is present. Green in...
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...Photosynthesis and Aerobic Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and Aerobic Cellular Respiration Emily Satterstrom AIU student | Photosynthesis | Aerobic Cellular Respiration | Full balanced equation | 6CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O2 | C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O +ATP | Reactants | Carbon Dioxide, Water, and light energy | Glucose and Oxygen | Products | Glucose and Oxygen | Carbon Dioxide, Water, and ATP | Is this reaction endergonic or exergonic? State which one it is. | Photosynthesis is an endergonic reaction. This means it requires energy | Aerobic Cellular Respiration is an exergonic reaction. This means that it gives off energy. | Energy source used | Sunlight | Glucose | Cell organelles involved in the reaction | Chloroplasts | Mitochondria | Role of ATP in the reaction | ATP is synthesized in the light dependant stage and stores energy which is used in the light-independent stage to synthesize glucose. | ATP is produced in the reaction and released as energy. | Photosynthesis The organisms that can use photosynthesis to produce glucose are called photoautotrophs. Photoautotrophs use sunlight to make their own food through photosynthesis. Because of this, autotrophs are considered the producers of the food chain. Eukaryotic plants, algae, and some prokaryotes are all examples of photoautotrophs. [ (Windows to the Universe) ] Aerobic Cellular Respiration The types of organisms that exclusively use aerobic cellular respiration to break down...
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...206 Energy, Metabolism, and Cells – Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration John Carter August 11, 2013 1. Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are linked in order to provide you with energy from the food you eat. Photosynthesis can be defined as the process that living organisms such as plants use to translate the sun’s energy into chemical energy. Once the plant has translated the sun’s energy into chemical energy it then releases that energy and makes it readily available to other living things (Vermaas, 2007). Aerobic respiration can be defined as nutrients being converted into useful energy. Respiration allows cells to use the energy stored during the photosynthesis process. It’s the chemical reaction that breaks down the glucose and changes it into a larger amount of Adenosine Triphosphate which is also called ATP (Board, 2012). Plants use sunlight to make ATP for its energy source by creating a series of chemical reactions by producing oxygen as a waste product. Next, animals and human beings eat these plants. The nutrients digested by animals and human beings reverse the process by using the ATP as a source of energy. Our cells use the nutrients from the plants and convert the nutrients in a process that uses oxygen (Board, 2012). Once our bodies have used all the nutrients will be need from those plants our bodies as well as animals release carbon dioxide as waste. Photosynthesis and respiration are both means of converting one state...
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...energy necessary to fuel chemical reactions for growth, repair, survival, and reproduction. Photosynthesis & cellular respiration are the main pathways of energy flow in living things. Photosynthesis is a process by which plants and some other organisms convert, light energy from the sun, CO2 from the air & H2O from the earth, into chemical energy stored in molecules like glucose. Cellular respiration is a process in which O2 is delivered to cells in an organism & metabolic process in cells leads to the production of ATP by the breakdown of organic substances. Cellular Respiration is the process in which glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to supply a cell with energy. During cellular respiration the energy stored in organic molecules (glucose) may be released during cellular respiration. This energy is temporarily stored in ATP molecules. In many organisms, the process of cellular respiration is concluded in the mitochondria, in which ATP is produced more efficiently. Oxygen is used and carbon dioxide and water are released as wastes. Cellular respiration does not just occur in humans it occurs in all living things and is important to everything because it is vital. It provides us all with energy to perform work, everyday tasks and body functions. Thus in essence, Cell respiration is responsible for sustaining and maintaining life itself. Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in bonds of sugar...
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...10/28/14 Linkage between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration The link between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is an inverse relationship. Each cycle depends on one another in order for the "entire cycle" to take place. The completed cycle make certain that life continues to exist on the planet. Both are necessary for living organisms. Photosynthesis is the process by which carbon dioxide is converted into organic compounds from sunlight. Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria. The process of photosynthesis is also the source of carbon in organic compounds in human bodies, as well as animals. Photosynthesis provides the oxygen for life and for the process of cellular respiration. The simplest way to explain photosynthesis is (Carbon dioxide + light energy → carbohydrates (sugar) + oxygen). Without photosynthesis, humans would cease to exist. Cellular respiration, in contrast, takes glucose (sugar) and other organic compounds oxidizing them to create carbon dioxide. Cellular respiration can be defined as metabolic reactions in organic cells which converts biochemical energy into adenosine triphosphate, better known as ATP. Cellular respiration also releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere allowing plants, algae, and bacteria to process the carbon dioxide back into oxygen. The simplest way to explain Cellular Respiration is (Glucose + 6Oxygen --> 6Carbon Dioxide + 6Water). Photosynthesis and cellular respiration is a life cycle that keeps...
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...questions: Cellular respiration: • What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages? Cellular respiration is the aerobic harvesting of a chemical energy from organic fuel. The three stages are glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport. • What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The role of glycolysis is splitting sugar into two parts. This allows the cells to make ATP. When the splitting of the two molecules of ATP happen they turn into two molecules of pyruvic acid and the two electrons carrying NADH are produce. • What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The role of the citric acid cycle is to reduce and carry electrons that are high in energy to the next stage. In this stage, glycolysis is converted to acetyl CoA by creating many compounds that can store the high-energy electrons along the ATP molecules. • What is the role of the electron transport system? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The electron transport system transfers the electrons through electron carriers. The energy that is released by electrons pumps hydrogen ions across the inner membranes of the mitchondrin, thus creating high hydrogen ion concentration. Photosynthesis: • What is the overall goal of photosynthesis? The...
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...Preparation Cellular Respiration 1. A biological process that occurs in both plants and animals is shown below. Which row in the chart below identifies the lettered substances in this process? A. Row 1 B. Row 2 C. Row 3 D. Row 4 Base your answers to questions 2 & 3 on the diagrams below and your knowledge of biology. The arrow below each lettered process indicates where the process takes place. 2. Process A is known as A. photosynthesis C. dehydration synthesis B. fermentation D. aerobic respiration 3. Glucose is a product of A. process A, only C. process B and process C B. process B, only D. process A and process C 4. Which statement best compares the energy transformations of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? A. Only photosynthesis uses oxygen to create energy. B. Only photosynthesis causes an increase in kinetic energy. C. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both store energy in chemical bonds. D. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both require chemical energy to make food. 5. A student prepared a test tube containing yeast, glucose, and water. After 24 hours, the test tube was analyzed for the presence of several substances. What substance would the student expect to find if respiration occurred in the test tube? A. a hormone C. nitrogen B. starch D. carbon dioxide 6. One type of anaerobic respiration results in the...
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...Worksheet Answer the following questions: Cellular respiration: • What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages? Organic compounds such as glucose store energy in their arrangements of atoms. These molecules are broken down and their energy extracted in cellular respiration. The first stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytosol, while the second and third stages occur in mitochondria. In cellular respiration, electrons are transferred from glucose to coenzymes such as NAD+ and finally to oxygen; the energy released by this relocation of electrons is used to make ATP (University of Phoenix, 2008). • What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? During glycolysis, glucose (C6) is broken down to two molecules of pyruvate (C3). Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm (cytosol) and does not require oxygen ("Cellular Respiration", n.d.). • What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Coenzyme A is removed when the two-carbon compound is attached to a four-carbon compound producing a six-carbon compound (citrate). Each citrate molecule undergoes a series of reactions that removes 2 carbon atoms which are released as CO2. In addition, 3 NADH, 1 ATP, and 1 FADH2 are produced. In addition, the four-carbon compound that began the cycle is regenerated ("Cellular Respiration", n.d.). • What is the role of...
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...Cellular respiration is a catabolic reaction that takes place cytosol and inside of both outer and inner membranes of mitochondria. Cellular respiration consists of multiple stages that aim to break down glucose into water and carbon dioxide to generate ATP for energy use. Glycolysis in the cytosol, Krebs cycle in the mitochondrial matrix, and oxidative phosphorylation on inner mitochondrial membrane take place in a consecutive order for cellular respiration. The glucose provides as the energy source when electrons mainly come from carbon and received by oxygen molecule in the end of chemiosmosis. The electrons are carried by NADH and FADH2 and finally transferred to the oxygen molecule. ATPs are made both in three stages of cellular respiration. And...
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...| 1.What is the importance of the light and dark reactions in photosynthesis? In light reactions, light is absorbed by chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane and energizes the electrons. ATP is created from ADP and P. NADP accepts electrons and turns in to NADPH, which is energy. Once the light reactions have taken place, the light-independent, or ‘dark’ reaction occurs in the stroma, where CO2 is converted to sugar. The dark reaction entails the Calvin Cycle, where CO2 and energy from ATP is utilized to create sugar. (Mader, 2009) 2. What happens to food energy during photosynthesis? During cellular respiration? During photosynthesis, plants are actually making food for themselves by reducing the carbon dioxide in the air to carbohydrates after converting energy from sunlight (solar energy) into chemical energy. Living cells need to go through the process of cellular respiration to get energy from the food they eat in order to move, reproduce and function. Respiration releases the chemical energy stored in glucose, which is used by the cells to carry out their life activities (growing, moving, etc.). The process of cellular respiration is completed within the mitochondria. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in green plants. Chlorophyll has the ability to trap the sun's radiant energy, and use it to rearrange those carbon dioxide and water molecules into glucose. 3. Why is photosynthesis important to you? It is important to the fact of how it uses solar...
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...Biology SCIE206-1401B-08 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration make one large cycle that sustains life on earth. Through photosynthesis the suns energy is constantly being transformed into glucose, which is a chemical energy. Respiration is the chemical activity that occurs in all plants and animal cells that release the energy from the glucose. Photosynthesis cannot exist with cellular respiration, they are completely linked together in providing the energy through the food we eat. Cloud, D (2012). Photosynthesis and cellular respiration have an inverse relationship, they are opposite of each other. Photosynthesis is the process by which carbon dioxide is converted into compounds from the sunlight. The most frequent compound being glucose (sugar). Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria. Editorial Board (2014). Cellular respiration, in contrast takes the glucose (sugar) and other compounds oxidizing them to created carbon dioxide. Each cycle depends on the other in order for the completion to take place. The complete cycle ensures that life continues to exist, both being necessary for living organisms. Cloud, D. (2012). Photosynthesis is a natural process that provides all aerobic creatures on eth with oxygen. Without photosynthesis, humans would not be able to exist. Photosynthesis maintains the natural amount of oxygen in the air. It provides oxygen for life and the process of cellular respirations. Photosynthesis releases oxygen as a byproduct...
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...Associate Program Material Cell Energy Worksheet Answer the following questions: Cellular respiration: What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages? Cellular respiration is the process by which electrons are transferred between glucose to coenzymes and then to oxygen and turns it into energy called ATP used by cells. The three stages are: 1) glycolysis 2) citric acid cycle 3) electron transport. What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The role of glycolysis is to split a molecule of glucose into two molecules to form a compound called pyruvic acid from enzymes located in the cytoplasm. The process of glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen. If it occurs with oxygen it is called cellular respiration and if occurs without oxygen then it is called fermentation. The reactant is glucose thus producing 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH. What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The role of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle) is to completely break-down glucose all the way to CO2, a waste product of cellular respiration. The enzymes for the citric acid cycle are dissolved in the fluid within the matrix of the mitochondria and two ATP’s are produced for each molecule of glucose. The end result of the citric acid cycle is 4 CO, 6 NADH, 2 ATP, and 2 FADH2 . What is the role of the electron transport system? Include the reactants...
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...2 ‘Photosynthesis and Respiration’ Running Head: Photosynthesis and Respiration 1 Photosynthesis and Respiration The process in which carbon dioxide is transformed into organic compounds from sunlight is called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis, a natural process, offers every aerobic being on earth oxygen and also assists in maintaining a natural percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere (Cloud, David 2011). Human beings would not exist without this process. Photosynthesis also occurs in algae, plants, and certain bacteria. In contrast, respiration takes glucose (sugar), along with other organic compounds oxidizing them to develop carbon dioxide. Respiration is the metabolic reaction in organic cells, biochemical energy into adenosine triphosphate/ATP. Each cycle depends on the other, in order for the ‘complete cycle’ to transpire. When it comes to receiving energy from the foods we eat, photosynthesis stores the energy and respiration releases it. Both cycles are important to ensure continuous life on earth. Photosynthesis and respiration are connected between plants and animals based on the reactants and products of both pathways by the usage of autotrophs and heterotrophs. An autotroph are organisms the have the ability to manufacture their own food (“Autotroph vs. Heterotroph” n.d.). Heterotroph organisms are essential in respiration and are not an element in photosynthesis. ...
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...Associate Program Material Cell Energy Worksheet Answer the following questions: Cellular respiration: • What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages? Is the oxygen requiring reaction occurring in mitochondria, that break down the end product of glycolysis into carbon dioxide and water while capturing large amounts of energy as ATP. The three stages of cellular respiration are 1, glycolysis, 2. citric acid cycle and 3. electron transport. • What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The first step in getting energy out of food. Glycolysis breaks one glucose molecule down into two molecules of pyruvate. Glycolysis happens in almost all organisms, and it can take place with or without oxygen. The function of glycolysis is to break down glucose. It metabolizes the six-carbon sugars into three-carbon compounds. It also produces small amounts of ATP. The reactants of a glycolysis reaction are a variety of different kinds of proteins. One good example would be ATP. A product of Glycolysis would be pyruvate, which is the main product of glycoysis. This all occurs in the first stage of cellular respiration. • What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycles, is the process that oxidizes acetyl coenzyme-A to energy-producing compounds...
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