...Abstract: The purpose of this lab is to measure the rate of photosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts. The lab begins with adding solutions to multiple cuvettes, then adding either boiled chloroplasts, not boiled chloroplasts or no chloroplasts. After approximately 5 minute timed sessions in light, tubes are placed in spectrophotometer one at a time and the transmittance percentage is recorded for each test. Boiled chloroplasts are denatured, so photosynthesis cannot occur. Solutions in test tubes with not boiled chloroplasts become clear after light reaction. Light cannot reach to the not boiled chloroplasts in foil test so a very minimum change occurs. When the transmittance percentage increased, photosynthesis had occurred. Introduction: Photosynthesis converts solar energy from sunlight into the chemical energy that is used to fuel the organism’s activities. The process of photosynthesis can be summarized by the following equation: solar energy + H₂O + CO₂ ---> C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂...
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...Introduction: In this lab a series of experiments were done to gain a greater understanding of photosynthesis, plant pigments and light absorption and transmittance by/through plant chlorophyll and accessory pigments. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use energy from light (i.e. the sun, photons, electromagenetic energy), water, and carbon dioxide to produce ‘food’ for themselves, or some for of sugar, like glucose. Photosynthesis has two stages which take place within the chloroplasts of a plant cell, where the photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll reside. The first stage occurs in the thylakoid of the chloroplasts and is called ‘the light reactions’. During this stage water is split, the oxygen changes (or is evolved) and energy is harvested through photophosphorylation. Photophosphorylation transforms the light energy into the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, which aid in the next stage, the Calvin Cycle or light independent reactions. During the Calvin Cycle, carbon dioxide is reduced to glucose and oxygen is released as a by product, at which time the ADP and the NADP+ are returned to the light reactions to start the cycle over again, or regenerate. A simplified equation for photosynthesis is as follows: 6CO2 + 6H20 + Light Energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 Photosynthesis is basically a plants version of cellular respiration and is essential for their survival. During the first stage, light energy or electromagnetic energy/radiation...
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...Photosynthesis Design Lab: Aim: To measure the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in leaf discs. Background: Leaf disks float, naturally. When the air spaces are filled with a solution the overall mass of the leaf disks increase and they then sink. The solution used includes a small amount of Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). This Bicarbonate ion acts as a carbon source for photosynthesis. As photosynthesis continues, oxygen is then released into the inside of the leaf disk which changes its buoyancy, causing the disks to start to float. Since cellular respiration is taking place at the same time inside the disks, absorbing the oxygen created by photosynthesis, the rate of the disks rising is an indirect measurement of the net rate of photosynthesis. The overall...
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...Investigation 2 Paragraph 1 Based on the results of our photosynthesis experiment, we can state that each treatment of light, varying in intensity of the light source, were not significantly different from each other. The positive control at 2 feet away from the light source when compared to the treatment of higher intensity of light at 1 foot away from the light source had a p-value of 0.1778. The positive control when compared to the treatment of lower intensity of light at 3 feet away from the light source had a p-value of .7484. Finally, when comparing the treatment exposed to a higher intensity of light a 1 foot way from the light source to the treatment exposed to a lower intensity of light at 3 feet away from the light source had...
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...Laboratory Report: Photosynthesis Patrick McInerney Life Science Lab (sec. 801) 10:00-11:50 Mondays March 11, 2011 Contents Introduction Page 3 Procedure and Results Page 4 Data Results Page 6 Explanations and Conclusions Page 7 References Page 8 Photosynthesis Questions and Answers Page 9 I. Introduction Why do we care about photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is not only important to the survival of plants, but to the existence of most of life on Earth. Green plants are a vital part of the circle of life because they ultimately provide food for consumers (organisms that rely on eating other organisms, like plants) to survive. Photosynthesis is also important in the exchange of carbon dioxide to oxygen, 2 very important inorganic compounds needed for all life forms. Process of photosynthesis: Heterotrophs, like fungi and animals, must consume to survive, but autotrophs, like plants, algae, and cynobacteria, make their own food. In other words, plants do not grow from absorbing nutrients from the soil, but they also use the process of photosynthesis to make food. Plants “breath in” carbon dioxide (a raw material for photosynthesis) through small openings in their leaves, called stomata. Stomata are responsible delivering carbon dioxide to mesophyll cells. The roots of plants absorb water into a vascular tissue, which travels up to the plant’s leaves. Then the water and carbon...
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...Introduction: Photosynthesis is one of the most fundamental processes that take place in plants and some other organisms. Photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy of a carbohydrate (Mader & Windelspecht, 2013).The whole process takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells containing the pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is one of the most important molecules in existence as all energy capture starts from there (Mader, 2010). If none of this pigment is in existence, plants would be able to absorb all spectrums of light including green light and thus would then appear black instead of green (Mader & Windelspecht, 2013). Light energy, Carbon dioxide and water is needed for the production of simple sugars and oxygen. Chemical...
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...survive every day. The oxygen that humans rely so heavily on is produced by plants in a process known as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis can be understood by simply looking at its equation. The equation for photosynthesis states that the reactants of carbon dioxide and water, with the use of solar energy, produce carbohydrates and oxygen. Photosynthesis is broken up into two types of reactions, the light reaction and the Calvin Cycle reaction. During the light reaction, pigments located inside plants absorb solar energy and convert that energy into chemical energy. The light reactions represent the portion of the photosynthesis equation where water converts...
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...Name _________________________________ Date _____________ Period ______ Lab: Investigating Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Background: All organisms are dependent on a healthy carbon dioxide-oxygen balance. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key processes in maintaining this balance. Plants, through the process of photosynthesis, use energy absorbed from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce sugars and oxygen. Animals and plants, through the process of cellular respiration, use oxygen and sugars to produce carbon dioxide, water, and the energy needed to maintain life. Purpose: To determine how carbon dioxide cycles through a biological system by performing the “Carbon Transfer Through Snails and Elodea” lab activity. Procedure: 1. Read through the background information and purpose. Create your own question for what you are investigating in this experiment. a. Problem (in question form): How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? 2. Obtain 8 test tubes of equal size/volume and number the test tubes 1-8. Fill each test tube with approximately 30 mL of deionized water. 3. Add enough bromothymol blue (BTB) indicator to solution to each test tube to change the water to a green color (about 3 mL). 4. What is Bromothymol Blue? Why is the BTB in the test tube green (Hint: recall the teacher demonstration)? Bromothymol blue is an indicator that changes color when carbon dioxide is present. Green in...
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...The experimenters put on their protective goggles and started the experiment. The first step was for one participant to put approximately 10 mL of the .1 M HCl solution in the test tube with side arm. Getting the correct 10 mL was not important as long as it was close to it. Then the test tube was placed inside the Erlenmeyer flask to which kept the test tube up right. After this was done the lab participant put together the “Apparatus” which consisted of the test tube with side arm inside the flask, a stopper, and HCl solution inside the test tube. The second step was for one of the lab participants placed the gas-generation solid that the teacher provided on to a balance to be weighed. This gas-generation solid was ¼ part of an Alka-Seltzer tablet. The apparatus was also weighed, and the mass of the apparatus was combined together with the mass of the gas-generating solid. This created the starting mass before the reaction took place and was recorded into the lab notebook....
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...Photosynthesis BIOS-135 Foundation of Biology & Chemistry with Lab Week V INTRODUCTION In this lab Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert energy from the light, the most common solar light into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. And this happen on plants. Photosynthesis can be represented using a chemical equation. The overall balanced equation is... 6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Sunlight energy Where: CO2 = carbon dioxide H2O = water Light energy is required C6H12O6 = glucose O2 = oxygen As light energy (in the form of photons) reaches a plant, chlorophyll molecules forming a light harvesting complex absorb that energy, exciting electrons. These electrons move along an electron transport chain, eventually transferring their energy into the bonds of ATP and NADPH. ATP and NADPH act as highly charged energy carriers ready to provide energy to continue photosynthesis in the dark reactions. (University, 2014) In the photosynthesis we have to different processes the light dependent process and the light independent process.in the light dependent process, or photo reduction, is the first stage of photosynthesis, in this process plants capture and store energy from sunlight, In this process light energy is converted into chemical energy, in the form of the energy carrying molecules ATP and NADPH. In the light-independent reactions, the formed NADPH and ATP drive the...
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...AP® Investigation #5 Cell Processes: Photosynthesis –STUDENT GUIDE Kit # 36W7405 Table of Contents Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Part 1: plant pigments and chromatography (Structured inquiry). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Part 2: floating disc assay (Guided Inquiry) . . . . . . . . . 6 Part 3: design an experiment (OPEN inQUIRY) . . . . . . . . . 9 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 **AP® and the Advanced Placement Program are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board. The activity and materials in this kit were developed and prepared by Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, which bears sole responsibility for their contents. Copymaster. Permission granted to make unlimited copies for use in any one school building. For educational use only. Not for commercial use or resale. US: www.wardsci.com Canada: www.wardsci.ca ©2012, Ward’s Natural Science All Rights Reserved 250-7455 v.7/12 AP® Investigation #5: Cell Processes: Photosynthesis –STUDENT GUIDE Kit # 36W7405 Background OBJEcTIVES ‹ Design a plan for collecting data to show that all biological systems are affected by complex biotic and abiotic interactions. ‹ Use models to predict and justify that changes in the subcomponents of a biological polymer affect...
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...Rate of Photosynthesis Tyler Marshall AIU Biology Lab (SCIE2017 -1602A-16) * Purpose * The purpose of this lab is to find out the rate of photosynthesis. By measuring the number of oxygen bubbles using different light bulb watts. * Introduction * Photosynthesis and respiration are reactions that complement each other in the environment this much me we know. Even though they are the same thing the difference is that they happen in reverse. What happens is during photosynthesis; carbon dioxide and water yield glucose and oxygen. Also during respiration, glucose and oxygen yield carbon dioxide and water. As of a result of these two things the plants will give off oxygen. Which when in water you will be able to see the process happening through the release of bubbles. * Hypothesis or Predicted Outcome * The more light the plant is exposed to the higher the rate of photosynthesis. * Methods * In the lab we measure the rate of photosynthesis by exposing seaweed in a bowl of water to different light bulb watts. The watts where 0,25,50,100. The seaweed was exposed to each what for 1 hour, three different times. This was done in order to get an average of number of bubbles released to measure the rate of photosynthesis. Also in order to keep the experiment controlled for accrete results. * Results or Outcome * The experiment started out with exposing the seaweed to a light bulb with 0 watts. And after all three 1 hour trails...
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...Plant Pigments & Absorption Lab SBI4U Metabolic Processes Lab 1 Kevin Salwach P.1 Rm. 208 De Cat November 5 2013 Lab 1 Pigments & Absorption Introduction Autotrophs, a group of organisms to which plants belong, obtain their own food and energy through ways other than hunting and ingestion. Almost all plants use photosynthesis to obtain their energy. Using the CO2 in the air that surrounds them, plants can create the energy needed to survive. The process is split into two parts; the “light” reactions occur by using light from the sun to activate electrons in the photosystem to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) the main requirement for metabolism. After this has occurred, the “dark” reactions occur where ATP is reduced to coenzymes in several complex cycles, and with the help of CO2, glucose is produced. This is a simplified explanation of course, as the entire photosynthetic process contains many different reactions and cycles. Overall, this is a very effective way of obtaining energy, and allows a whole manner of organisms to thrive almost anywhere on Earth. Purpose The purpose of this lab is conduct three experiments that answer the questions: - Where to plants conduct photosynthesis? - What photosynthetic pigments do they use? - What wavelength of light works best for photosynthesis? Materials -Microscope -Elodea -Microscope slide / cover slip -Spinach leaves -Mortar / pestle -Distilled water -80% acetone -Sand -Filter paper -Coleus...
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...Photosynthesis Pre Lab Questions Joey Gramenzi 11/11/15 Period: 2 1. How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured? You measure the amount of oxygen produced, or the amount of carbon dioxide used. If the rate of photosynthesis increases, so does the amount of oxygen and Carbon Dioxide used. 2. Where in the cells of the leaf do you find air spaces? What is the function of the stoma? In the cells of the leaf, you find air spaces where the stoma is located. The stoma allows for carbon dioxide to come in, and oxygen to go out. 3. What will happen if you remove the air from these spaces? The leaves will sink because they become more dense than water and cannot carry out photosynthesis. 4. How will air return to these spaces? The stoma opens up when it requires more Carbon Dioxide, and once its enriched with it, oxygen will exit the stoma at the end of photosynthesis in the Calvin Cycle. 5. Instead of carbon dioxide, what will be used as the reactant in this lab? The leaf will be placed in a solution of bicarbonate ions, rather than carbon dioxide. 6. List any factors that you think may affect the rate of photosynthesis. Consider environmental factors that you could manipulate during the lab. * Limiting the amount of Carbon Dioxide * Too much water could ruin the plant * In a place where there is little to no sunlight 7. Watch the video that shows the set-up for the floating leaf disk lab at Bozeman Science. a) What is the ratio...
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...The future has many possibilities, positive and negative. There are endless amounts of studies and research being done to help bring forth tomorrow and a legacy we’re proud to leave to our children. One of the major problems we’re facing today is Oxygen consumption. We have no way of producing Oxygen efficiently, other than photosynthesis. Well, a student of the Royal College of Art by the name of Julian Melchiorri, along with help from the Tufts University Silk Lab, has helped us take a giant leap towards a real solution. They have created a synthetic leaf that breathes just like a real one. “The leaf is made up of chloroplasts from plant cells, the part where photosynthesis happens, suspended in a web of silk protein. The protein was extracted from natural silk fibers” (International Business Times, 2014). This means that, with a small amount of energy, water, and light, we can produce fresh Oxygen anywhere without the limitations of agriculture. “My idea was to use the efficiency of nature in a man-made environment” (Hobson, 2014). The first thought that comes to mind when those words were uttered: Deep-Sea and Space Travel. If we are able to produce Oxygen synthetically, then we no longer need Oxygen tanks for submarines or spacecraft. We can traverse all of these new reigns without worry of running out of breathable air. Who knows what we’ll find there? Most likely case, we’ll discover species we’ve never known to exist, and those that were only rumors for generations....
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