...Tutorial #4 -- Photosynthesis: the basis of life ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ 1. Basics of photosynthesis: a. Review the anatomy of the leaf and the cellular locations and organelles involved in photosynthesis. A leaf consists of waxy cuticle layer with stoma surrounded by guard cells, xylem vascular bundle, and a mesophyll. The chloroplast is located within the mesophyll cells. The stroma and thylakoids are located inside the chloroplast. The thylakoids contain chlorophyll. The organelles that participate in photosynthesis are chloroplast, thylakoids and chlorophyll in photosystem I and II. b. Describe and explain the role of oxygen in photosynthesis. The role of oxygen in photosynthesis is that during the light reaction, the light that is absorbed by the chloroplast in photosystem II, excites an election, therefore making the electron travel through a series of electron carriers to produce ATP. So to replace the electron lost through this process, water molecules are split into oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen is then released into the atmosphere. c. Describe and explain the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. The role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis is that during the Calvin cycle, CO2 that enters the cell is combined with RuBP. This molecule is extremely unstable and because of that it splits from a 6 carbon molecule to a 2 carbon molecule through series of reactions and with ATP and NADPH produced...
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...NAME: Bobby Morris How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration compare? Follow the directions in the virtual lab to complete the photosynthesis and respiration puzzle. Make sure to read the virtual “book” (or use your textbook) to correctly order the processes. When complete check your results. Copy and paste your Screen Shot here. JOURNAL QUESTIONS 1. What is the importance of the light and dark reactions in photosynthesis? Light Dependent Reaction is the initial stage of Photosynthesis Where solar energy is converted into potential energy ,the light Dependent Reaction produces oxygen Dark Reaction takes place in Stroma of the chloroplasts in photosynthetic plants, Energy from light are stored has ATP and NADPH .in Calvin cycle this stored energy is used to make sugar molecule, the Calvin cycle is a complex theory of chemical reactions carried out in stroma. 2. Why is photosynthesis important to you? it’s the basis of life... the only way for plants and animals to exist is for plants to be alive because we are consumers- heteroautotrophs.. They are producers and photoautotrophs (they feed of themselves by the sun) they release O2 and produce sugars. Without photosynthesis life wouldn't really exist. 3. Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration viewed as complementary processes? Because they both create ATP (Energy) they function as a circle one creating CO2 and using O2, and the other Using O2 and creating CO2 4. Describe...
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...Table 1: Rate of Photosynthesis Measured by the Number of Oxygen Bubbles |Light Bulb |Trial 1 |Trial 2 |Trial 3 |Average | |0 watts |2 |1 |3 |2 | |25 watts |7 |4 |4 |5 | |50 watts |11 |11 |11 |11 | |100 watts |12 |13 |12 |12 | Purpose The purpose of this lab was to investigate the relationship of light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis. Introduction This lab was conducted to examine the two biological processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis is a process that uses carbon dioxide, water and energy to produce glucose and oxygen. Cellular Respiration is the reverse process of photosynthesis. Cellular Respiration uses the glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. These become the main source of food and energy for the plants and animals. The basis of the relationship between plants and animals is that they have a co-dependency upon each other because they are both making something the other needs. Hypothesis or Predicted Outcome I hypothesize that...
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...Tutorial #3: Photosynthesis - The Basis of Life 1) Basics of photosynthesis: Review the anatomy of the leaf and the cellular locations and organelles involved in photosynthesis. Describe and explain the role of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen in photosynthesis. Describe and explain the role of water in photosynthesis. Describe the two phases of the photosynthetic process. How do they differ in terms of their inputs, outputs, energy requirements, and spatial locations in the plant? Explain why Rubisco is possibly the most important protein on the planet. Explain how the eruption of a large volcano could lead to changes in the earth’s atmosphere, and consequently, life on earth. You are studying the carbon dioxide consumption at different levels of a forest. You have a portable leaf chamber and sensors attached to the data logger interface and can measure the photosynthetic rate of leaves on trees in a forest at different parts of the tree; high up, in the middle, and on lower branches. Below are the ‘raw’ data from your measurements. Assume all leaves completely cover the 9 cm2 chamber. Find the CO2 exchange (umole/m2/s) for each species at each level in the trees. If you present this to the class, prepare a clear explanation of how you arrived at your answers. Explain the differences between the values of CO2 exchange in the three levels. If you are presenting this to the class you should look for current studies about this topic and its ecological...
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...Running head: PHOTOSYNTHESIS VS. SEMICONDUCTOR BASED SOLAR CELL Photosynthesis Vs. Semiconductor Based Solar Cell Biology – SCI 115 23 January 2012 Abstract This paper discusses photosynthesis and how it is used by plants to harness solar energy. It also discusses semiconductor-based solar cells and how they are able to harness solar energy and convert it to electricity. This paper also compares the two types of solar energy systems and provides an overview of how the two systems are alike and how they are different. In closing, this paper will briefly explain how the laws of thermodynamics apply to each of the two energy systems. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process that transfers solar energy, or energy from the sun, into a chemical energy that provides nutrients to plants and animals all over the world. Without these important nutrients, plants, animals and humans would not be able to survive on earth. “Animals and plants get energy by metabolizing nutrient molecules made by photosynthesizers.” (Mader, 2010) Semiconductor-Based Solar Cell Before discussing what a semiconductor-based solar cell is, I would first like to define a semiconductor and then explain how it is used in a solar cell type environment. A semiconductor is, “a class of materials, such as silicon and germanium, whose electrical properties lie between those of conductors (such as copper and aluminum) and insulators (such as glass and rubber)...
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...hazards and dangers, since creation. Group A will discuss multiple and popular patterns that society has grown accustomed to, while utilizing cell phones. We will discuss the negative affects it has on society. Although the dangers are present, known, and many proven, the popularities of these trends are steadily rising, and causing tremendous detrimental issues today. This project will shed light into serious concerns associated with cell phones, and hopefully enlighten, and open people minds to ways of preventing many ongoing issues that currently exist. We will research, inform, and furnish our audience with detailed information regarding the dangers, risks, and threats associated with cell phone technologies that occur on a daily basis. Group A want to reveal ways to reduce the number of incidents and injuries related to cell phone usage. By doing this, people minds will ease knowing their loved ones will go home, the same way they left, safe. Cell Phone Technology and the Dangers It Present to Society Distractions • Texts 1. Vehicle Accidents 2. Vehicle Fatalities 3. Road Rage • Social Media Networking 1. Social Media Violence through Media Networks 2. Addictive Behavioral Patterns 3. Cyber bullying • Web Usage 1. Security Issues 2. Information Easily Accessible via Web on Cell Phones Economic Questions • Economic Impact 1. Dangers of technology ...
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...Obtaining Energy from Food Muscles in action. Sprinters, like all athletes, depend on cellular respiration to power their muscles. CHAPTER CONTENTS Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in the Biosphere 92 Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Harvest of Food Energy 94 Fermentation: Anaerobic Harvest of Food Energy 101 CHAPTER THREAD Aerobic versus Anaerobic Lifestyles BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Marathoners versus Sprinters THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE What Causes Muscle Burn? EVOLUTION CONNECTION Life before and after Oxygen 91 102 103 Aerobic versus Anaerobic Lifestyles BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Marathoners versus Sprinters Track-and-field athletes usually have a favorite event in which they excel. Some runners specialize in sprints of 100 or 200 meters. Others excel at longer races of 1,500, 5,000, or even 10,000 m. It is unusual to find a runner who competes equally well in both 100-m and 10,000-m races; most runners are more comfortable running races of particular lengths. It turns out that there is a biological basis for such preferences. The muscles that move our legs contain two main types of muscle fibers: slow-twitch and fast-twitch. Slow-twitch muscle fibers can contract many times over a longer period but don’t generate a lot of quick power for the body. They perform better in endurance exercises requiring slow, steady muscle activity, such as marathons. Fast-twitch muscle fibers can contract more quickly and powerfully than slow-twitch fibers but also fatigue much more quickly. They...
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...Mr kousen is … Water Man Photosynthesis (the big picture) Like it or not, chemistry continues to sneak itself into our beloved biology course. This is because what distinguishes living things from nonliving things is the presence of cells, and cells are nothing but bags of chemicals with a multitude of chemical reactions occurring inside them. And furthermore, all the metabolic activities in cells are being directed by a famous bunch of chemicals we refer to as DNA. Compounds, chemicals, chemical reactions ... these are what produce the structures & functions within the basic units of structure & function for living things (cells). Anyhoo ... our topic right now, namely photosynthesis, is arguably one of the most important chemical reactions occurring on the planet. Let's see why. Let's begin with some basic questions & answers about photosynthesis. QUESTION | ANSWER | What is photosynthesis? | Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction in which light energy is converted to chemical energy in glucose. It is the means by which the energy in sunlight becomes usable to living things. Living things can eat glucose, we can't eat sunlight. | Exactly why is photosynthesis so important? | Two big reasons. One product of photosynthesis is glucose (sugar), which provides the basis for most food chains. The second product of photosynthesis is oxygen which comes in handy if your happen to be an aerobic organism that requires oxygen for survival...
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...|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |SCI/230 Version 7 | | |Introduction to Life Science | Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course applies a broad, conceptual understanding of biology. Students are introduced to scientific ideologies and concepts that not only shape our biological world, but also shape us as humans. Students examine the scientific method, evolution and biodiversity, the biology of cells, energy systems, the dynamics of inheritance, and the effect humans have on the environment. The text emphasizes methods and the theoretical foundations of ideas, while minimizing isolated facts. It stresses the integration of ideas, making connections that form our understanding of the living world. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies:...
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...increase the efficiency of whole work. The movie October Sky , which is directed by Joe Johnston, shows the teamwork of 4 high school students who become inspired to learn how to build rockets and get success in the National Science Fair. The main character Homer dreams of launching a rocket ,which obeys his father's wish as being a miner in a mining town called Coalwood. His high school teacher Miss Riley encourages Homer to follow his heart and do his best to finish his yearning rocket. At the end, Homer and his team win the prize and get college scholarships. In the real life, teamwork is also important to be applied to solve many problems. A few years ago, my friends and I worked on a group project about photosynthesis. We were required to research how photosynthesis worked and made data report. So 2 team members worked on recording the data, and another team member and I worked on finding the theory of photosynthesis from books and internet. Because of appropriate arrangement of every member's work, we finished the project very quickly. In conclusion, teamwork is necessary to people's daily lives. There are three benefits of teamwork: teamwork can make the work much more easily to do., teamwork encourages people in many ways, and teamwork improves people's abilities. First of all, teamwork can make the work much more easily to do than doing by one person. With the help of teamwork, the work is separated to many parts and each team member can be assigned to work on the part...
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...QXT2 Task 7 Mass Extinctions Over 4.6 billion years ago the earth came into existence and life on earth 3.5 billion years ago. Since the inception of life on earth millions of species have existed, yet large percentages of these organisms have gone extinct leaving few if any remains. The geologist, Hutton and Lyell proposed that the earth is old and the earth changes over time. Change in the earth directly correlates with the organisms that exist on earth. When examining the geologic record it shows periods of mass extinctions created by catastrophic events or gradual changes. The mechanisms believed to have initiated the most significant changes are: meteorites, human activities, oxygen entering the atmosphere, and continent formations. Meteorite impacts have become one of the most accepted theories for extinction events supported by the geologic record. Scientific studies have examined the impact of both small and large collisions between the earth and different sizes of meteorites; which are rock fragments from outside the atmosphere that burn and glimmer...
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...into the content of this course as deemed necessary by the instructor. ------------------------------------------------- COURSE REQUIREMENTS AND EVALUATION PROCEDURES ------------------------------------------------- A. Course and Performance Objectives Learning Outcome: Enable students to recognize the major unifying themes of biology, including evolutionary theory, cell theory, reproduction, and genetics as these relate to contemporary issues, such as biodiversity, human impact on the environment, and biotechnology. Course Goals: Upon completion of this class, the student will be able to: 1. Know the major characteristics common to all living things. 2. Understand the hierarchy of organization that exists for life from the level of the atom to the biosphere. 3. Describe the unifying theme of evolution for the...
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...TAXONOMY (From ancient greek: τάξισ taxis, "arrangement", and -νομία -nomia, "method") is the science of defining groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics and giving names to those groups. 5 KINGDOMS Kingdom is the highest rank used in the biological taxonomy of all organisms. There are 5 kingdoms in taxonomy. Every living thing comes under one of these 6 kingdoms. The six kingdoms are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. 1. KINGDOM MONERA [10,000 species]: Unicellular and colonial--including the true bacteria (eubacteria) and archaebacteria. ndividuals are single-celled, may or may not move, have a cell wall, have no chloroplasts or other organelles, and have no nucleus. Monera are usually very tiny, although one type, namely the blue-green bacteria, look like algae. They are filamentous and quite long, green, but have no visible structure inside the cells. No visible feeding mechanism. They absorb nutrients through the cell wall or produce their own by photosynthesis. a. Archaebacteria - The archaebacteria kingdom (Archaebacterium in Latin) is made up of single-celled organisms and the name of the kingdom means “ancient bacteria.” Scientists actually believe that members of the archaebacteria kingdom were among the first life forms on Earth billions of years ago. These species lack cell structure and their genetic material is not contained inside of a nucleus. The cells of archaebacteria are called prokaryotes. Archaebacteria...
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...Chapter 1 Microbes - Microbiology is the study of living microorganisms and non-living viruses - make up of half of the earth`s biomass and are very ubiquitous - Not all microbes are Pathogenic (capable to causing disease, producing disease) - can be Beneficial How can Microbes be beneficial? Microorganisms can help the environment for example in Marine and freshwater lakes, oceans and rivers by forming the basis food chain. Soil microbes can break down wastes and incorporate nitrogen gas from the air into organic compounds, this helps recycle chemicals elements between soil, water, life, and air. Microbes play an important role in photosynthesis. Humans and many other animals depend on microbes because they sit inside their intestines for digestion and the synthesis and retain the vitamins that the body requires, such as Vitamin K that helps blood clotting and B vitamins for metabolism. * Used in chemicals like Vitamins, Organic acids, enzymes, alcohol and drugs. * Used to produce acetone and butanol , which was discovered in 1914 by Chaim Weizmann. Not everything can be good, are Microbes bad for you? Microorganisms are not all good, in fact microbes can associate with major disease such as AIDs, painful and uncomfortable infections they can even cause your food to go bad- spoiled food. What foods are microbes used for? * Yogart * Pickles * Soy sauce * Cheese * Bread Enzymes from the microbes can be manipulated to cause...
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...Instructor: Dr. Simon Nyaga Office: Dixon 213 Phone: 443-885-3636 Email: Simon.Nyaga@morgan.edu Office Hours: MF 12:30-1:30 PM or by appointment Course Description: Introductory biology is a gateway course worth 4 credits specifically designed for non-biology majors. This is course covers major topics in biology shown below. The following general biology topics are thoroughly explored and discussed: the scientific method of solving problems, chemistry of cellular macromolecules, cellular structure and function, energy flow in cells with emphasis on respiration and photosynthesis, biotechnology and its application (emphasis on structure and function of nucleic acids), chromosomes and cell division and finally winds up a study of the basis of heredity (Genetics). In addition, evolution and its role in the creation of diversity are also thoroughly discussed. Textbook and Course Materials: What Is Life: A Guide to Biology, 2nd edition (with Prep U) by Jay Phelan published by; W. H. Freeman and Company, New York. Information on how to access Bioportal is to be found on the separate card which comes with the textbook. A used book will not enable you to access Bioportal and therefore no access to Prep-U and learning Curve quizzes. These quizzes have been shown to improve mastery of the course material and typically students who use Pre-U do better in the course. Laboratory Manual: Biology 1 Laboratory Manual (6th edition), Morgan State University, Published by Heyden-McNeil...
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