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Phrase Bank

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Phrase Bank for Literature Reviews

Phrases for citing
The research in this area has focused on…

The literature largely supports…

Specifically, there is evidence that…

Thus the literature suggests that…

Smith reports that…

Smith postulates…; further, he suggests…

Smith focuses on…

In his discussion of x, Smith states…

Investigating the relationship between x and y, Smith proposes…

These ideas are first clearly conceptualized in Smith’s paper…

Smith purports…

According to Smith…

The basis of Smith’s argument is…

Similarly, Smith finds…

Smith uses the example of…

Smith’s and Brown’s work investigates…

More recent investigations have concluded…

Importantly, they argue that…

Some commentators, such as Buttinski and Fyshwyfe, cite the importance of…

Earlier work in this area concluded that …

In discussing topic x they suggest…

Many commentators (see Buttinski & Fyshwyfe) view this model as... However they note that…

Phrases for comparing & contrasting
This phenomena is recognized by a number of sources…

There appears to be a reasonable consensus on…

Several studies in this area have found…However other studies…

Whereas earlier commentators support x, more recent commentators…

An understanding of Smith’s theory is useful when exploring Brown’s concept of…

Like Smith, Brown views topic x as…

Smith’s approach is problem-centred, whereas Brown…

This concept is strongly linked to Smith’s notion of…

Both Smith and Brown report that….although Smith differs in his approach to…

When Smith’s model is applied to Brown’s research…

Smith and Brown emphasise… while McDuff’s emphasis is on…

Smith’s work is closely based on Brown’s earlier concept of…but differs in a few important characteristics.

Phrases for critiquing
A key element of the literature is…

X is clearly outlined, but rarely explored in depth

An appraisal of Smith’s work suggests…

There is mixed evidence about the relationship between ….. and …..

There is contradictory evidence about…

The evidence about…is somewhat contradictory

This perspective has clear implications for…

There are marked inconsistencies between these two…

Some constraints on the depth of work in this area include…

The work conducted in this area is impressive…

While this has specific relevance to x, it is of limited value for students of …

This material is appropriate for…

Phrases to indicate a gap in the literature
There is a dearth of literature about,.,

All of the papers discussed above explore…but few investigate…

The literature provides some indication of … but little information about…

Further exploration of … is warranted

There As yet there has been no satisfactory study of…appears to be little research on…

Topic x has received limited attention in the literature…

Many of the major commentators are concerned with …however few explore…

Other factors have been less well conceptualized, in particular…

The literature provides clear theoretical perspectives, but practical considerations are rarely…

This area has often been overlooked…

Currently, there is little evidence of…

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