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Phrases

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Functions of phrases – Улогата на фразите Зборовите се комбинираат едни со други, за да се формира фраза, а фразите се една од основните шеми по која се гради реченицата. Фразата претставува група од зборови која што функционира како една единица, и не вклучува глагол во неа. Фразите можат да имаат различни улоги во една реченица. Тие може да функционираат како предмет, подмет, додаток, надополнувач, и прилошка фраза. Фразата претставува продолжение на на еден од зборовите во неа, којшто се нарекува глава на реченицата. На пример, зборот “creatures” (суштества) е главен збор во фразата “the strange green creatures with huge heads” (чудните зелени суштества со огромни глави). Секоја фраза се состои од најмалце два збора. (big dog големо куче) Фразите можат да се формираат и со многу повеќе зборови (that lovley old pub by the bridge over the river прекрасната стара кафеана до мостот преку реката). Некаде дури може да се забележат фрази од само еден збор.
Фраза во рамките на друга фраза
Подолгите фрази се составени од помали фрази. На пример:
-That lovely old pub (by (the bridge (over (the river). river the river over the river the bridge over the river…итн.
Фразите можат да имаат повеќе различни функции, и тоа: глаголски фрази, придавски фрази, предлошки фрази, прилошки фрази.
Не постојат некои правила кои укажуваат што ја и што не ја сочинува фразата. Поимот не е толку конкретно дефиниран како на пример, дел-реченицата. За разлика од реченицата и дел-реченицата, фразата немора да има подмет и предикат.Она што може да се каже за фразата е дака таа има централна точка, позната како глава. Како на пример, во фразата “the dog on the roof” (кучето на покривот), главениот збор е “dog” (куче).
Verb phrases – Глаголски фрази
Глаголската фраза е група на зборови во која спаѓа глаголот и неговите додатоци, предметот и други зборови кои функционираат синтактички како глагол. Во англискиот јазик глаголската фраза се комбинира со именка или со именска фраза која дејствува како предмет за формирање на проста реченица.
Исто така глаголска фраза е онаа која се состои од главниот глагол и неговиот помошен глагол, не вклучувајќи предмет, сврзници и други зборови.
1. Глаголски фрази формирани од глагол и помошен глагол
Постојат три помошни глаголи во англискиот јазик: to be, to do, to have. Тие се јавуваат во повеќе форми (во зависност од лицето, времето итн.)
-I was at the house. [was е главен глагол] ( Бев во куќата)
-I was working at the house. [was e помошен глагол, working e главен] (Работев во куќата.) “was working" е глаголска фраза
2. Глаголски фрази со модални глаголи
Постојат десет основни модални глаголи: can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must and ought to. Mодалните глаголи не се менуваат по време, лице итн. Тие се неменливи и ја задржуваат својата форма. Примери:
-Who can tell me the answer? – I can! (Кој може да ми го каже одговорот? – Јас можам.
3. Исто така,мораме да спомнеме дека постојат фрази формирани од глагол и партицип – глагол и герунд, и глагол и инфинитив. Примери:
-Singing very softly, the boy lulled his baby brother to sleep. (Глагол и партицип)
-Waiting for his grades drove him crazy. (Герунд и глагол)
-To live in Boston eventually is his main goal in life. (Инфинитив и глагол)

Adjective phrases – Придавски фрази Група на зборови во која што придавката се смета за главен збор, се нарекува придавска фраза. Придавката во вакви фрази може да биде придружувана од други зборови. Придавската фраза може да стои пред именката (атрибутивна позиција). Таа исто така може да стои и после сврзувачки глагол, како што е “be” (предикативна позиција). Примери:
-He was wearing a dark brown suit. (Овде придавска фраза е “a dark brown”, и таа го модифицира глаголот “suit”.)
-The fish tasted awfully funny. (Овде придавска фраза е “awfully funny”. Се наоѓа после сврзувачкиот глагол “tasted”.
Помошниот глагол не мора да има предмет, и не може да биде модифициран со прилог. Зборот или фразата која следи после овој вид на глагол обично објаснува нешто во врска со подметот во реченицата.
-Тhe fish tasted awful. (Рибата беше ужасна.) NOT awfully
Овде придавката “ужасно” ја опишува именката риба, а не глаголот.
Имајте во предвид дека придавката во придавска фраза може да биде модифицирана со прилог. Кога се модифицира со прилог, прилогот стои пред придавката. Придавката може да биде модифицирана и со други определувачи како членот, присвојни придавки и демонстративни придавки. Пример:
-My cute little daughter. (Moјата слатка мала ќерка) Се состои од присвојна придавка (my) и две нормални придавки (cute little) Понекогаш, идеата што е искажана преку придавка може да биде искажана и преку именска фраза. На пример:
- Brutus is an honorable man. Brutus is a man of honour.
(Брутус е чесен човек.)

Adverb phrase - Прилошка фраза Прилошката фраза се состои од еден или повеќе зборови. Прилогот е главен дел во фразата, така што тој може да стои сам, или пак може да биде модифициран со други зборови. Примери:
-We usually go on holiday in August. (adverb) обично
-Тime goes very quickly. (adverb phrase) многу брзо
-Тhe day passed quickly enough. (adverb phrase) доволно брзо
Прилошката фраза се состои од еден прилог, или од прилог придружен со други зборови кои стојат пред него, или после него. Прилошките фрази имаат многу различни значења. На пример:
-We walked very carefully across the street. многу претпазливо (прилог за начин)
Улогата на прилошките фрази:
Прилошка фраза + глагол Прилошките фрази најчесто се користат за да го опишат глаголот, на пример: Children grow up very quickly. (многу брзо – растат) (прилог за начин)
Прилошка фраза + глаголот “сум” Се потребуваат прилошки фрази со глаголот “сум”, на пр.: I am upstairs. (Јас сум на втори спрат) – каде сум? (прилог за место)
Прилошка фраза + придавка/прилог Се употребуваат за да определување на придавка или прилог, на пример: That’s quite a tree. (Тоа е прилично дрво) (
Прилошка фраза + определувачи Се користи прилошка фраза за модифицирање на зборови, како што се: all (сите), some (некои), half (половина), many (многу) итн. На пример:
-Оnly half of my friends could come to my party.
-Само половина од моите пријатели можеа да дојдат на мојата забава. (Се определува зборот “половина” со прилогот “само”.
Prepositional phrase – Предлошка фраза Предлошката фраза е онаа фраза која започнува со предлог а завршува со именка, или заменка, како на пример:
-I am from Paris. Јас сум од Парис. (from = од предлог ) Именката во предлошката фраза може да биде секој друг збор што игра форма на именка, како на пример:
-from her неа, што претставува заменка;
-from sleeping спиење, што претставува герунд, и др.
Зборовите кои следат после предлогот, се нарекуваат предмети на предлогот. Често ќе пронајдеме определувачи во предметот на секој предлог , кои што заедно всушност ќе произлезат во предлошка фраза. На пример:
-with John (со Џон) Овде нема определувачи.
-with the wonderful John (со прекрасниот Џон) со определувалите “the” и “wonderful” , предлогот на предметот претставува предлошка фраза.
Предлошките фрази имаат улога и на придавки и прилози. Еве неколку примери со објаснување.
Предлошки фрази кои имаат улога на придавки:
-Please read the message from Lee. (фразата ја опишува именката “message” – порака )
-The man on the radio has a boring voice. (Фразата ја опишува именката “man” – човек)
Предлошки фрази кои имаат улога на прилози:
-Before the war, Lee played football for Chelsea. (фразата го опишува глаголот “played” – играше. Тоа е прилог за време (before – пред) ни објаснува кога тој играл фудбал.

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...李阳 超级短句 1,Absolutely. 绝对不是。 2,Are you coming with me? 你跟我一起去吗? 3,Are you sure? 你能肯定吗? 4,As soon as possible. 尽快。 5,Believe me. 相信我。 6,Buy it. 买下来。 7,Call me tomorrow. 明天打电话给我。 8,Can you speak slowly? 请你所得慢些好吗? 9,Come with me? 跟我来? 10,Congratulations! 恭喜恭喜。 11,Do it right。 把它做对 12,Do you mean it? 你是当真的吗? 13,Do you see him often? 你经常见到他吗? 14,Do you see it?=Do you understand? 你明白吗? 15,Do you want it? 你要吗? 16,Do you want something? 你想要些什么? 17,Don't do it. 不要做。 18,Don't exaggerate. 不要夸张。 19,Don't tell me that. 不要告诉我。 20,Give me a hand. 帮我一下。 21,Go right ahead. 一直往前走。 22,Have a good trip. 祝旅途愉快。 23,Have a nice day. 祝你一天过得愉快。 24,Have you finished? 你做完了吗? 25,He dosen't have time. 他没空。 26,He is on his way. 他现在已经在路上了。 27,How are you doing? 你好吗? 28,How long are you staying? 你要呆多久? 29,I am crazy about her. 你对她着迷了。 30,I am wasting my time. 我在浪费时间。 李阳356(1) 1.Absolutely. (用于答话)是这样;当然是;正是如此;绝对如此。 2.Absolutely impossible! 绝对不可能的! 3.All I have to do is learn English. 我所要做的就是学英语。 4.Are you free tomorrow? 你明天有空吗? 5.Are you married? 你结婚了吗? 6.Are you used to the food here? 你习惯吃这儿的饭菜吗? 7.Be careful. 小心/注意。 8.Be my guest. 请便/别客气。 9.Better late than never. 迟到总比不到好。 10.Better luck next time. 祝你下一次好运。 11.Better safe than sorry. 小心不出大错。 12.Can I have a day off? 我能请一天假吗? 13.Can I help? 要我帮忙吗? 14.Can I take a message? 要我传话吗? 15.Can I take a rain check? 你能改天再请我吗? 16.Can I take your order? 您要点菜吗? 17.Can you give me a wake-up call? 你能打电话叫醒我吗? 18.Can you give me some feedback? 你能给我一些建议吗? 19.Can you make it?...

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Debate Phrase

...Useful Debating Phrases  (in not quite as small print)     (1) 1st Proposition opening, definition, teamline,  own arguments (3) 2nd Proposition rebuttal of 1st Opp., rebuild own case, own  arguments (5) 3rd Proposition general rebuttal, rebuild own case (8) Proposition Reply (1st or 2nd speaker) biased summary (2) 1st Opposition accepting definition / redefinition, teamline,  rebuttal of 1st Proposition, own arguments (4) 2nd Opposition rebuttal of 2nd Prop., rebuild own case, own  arguments (6) 3rd Opposition general rebuttal, rebuild own case (7) Opposition Reply (1st or 2nd speaker) biased summary opening the debate: ● [some nice opening, e.g. quote] on the fact that ... ● Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to  ● And our third speaker, ..., will do the  this debate. rebuttal. ● Welcome from this side of the  rebutting arguments, rebuilding your case: house... ● But before I come to my own  ● The motion for debate today is: ... arguments, let us first have a look at  defining the motion: what ... has said. ● Now we as today's  ● I will continue our case in a minute,  proposition/opposition strongly  but before that there are some things  believe that this is true/not true, but  about the ... speech that need to be  before we come to our actual  addressed. argumentation, let us first define  ● The first prop/opposition speaker has  some important terms in this debate. told us ...; on the contrary ... ● We believe that what is meant by ... is  ● He/She also said that ...; but in fact...

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Phrases for Summary

...------------------------------------------------- Начало формы NEWSPAPER TOPICAL VOCABULARY The article is headlined… The headline of the article is… The title of the article is... The author of the article is… It was published in… The newspaper carries an article on...  The central idea of the article is... (The main idea of the article is... the article is devoted to... the article deals with... the article touches upon... the purpose of the article is to give the reader some information on... the aim of the article is to provide a reader with some material on...) The article is concerned with … The article deals with… The subject of the article is… At the beginning of the article the author describes… The article touches upon the problems of... To depict to dwell on to explain to introduce to mention/ By mentioning… to recall to characterize to analyze to comment on to enumerate to point out to emphasize to stress to underline to generalize about to criticize to make a few critical remarks on to reveal to expose to accuse to blame to condemn to mock smth to ridicule to praise to address smb… to give figures… to give a summary of to give one’s account of to take a decision… to make a statement… to go into details… to appeal to a wide readership to to single out the key points on which the article is based on quote smb… to have one's fingers on the pulse of current events, public opinion The article (the author) begins...

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Three Secrets to Academic Success

...Secrets to Academic Success was written by Elana Peled, Ed.D. She is the founder of Academic Success for All. She started writing to help people who struggle to achieve academic success. This book reveals the powerful secrets that underlie academic success. The second secret is the learning creativity. It is about that every single person on the planet has the capacity to be creative. Our creativity is involved in how we make sense of the world and is intimately connected with our ability to learn. Based on my analysis in her writing style, she had written this chapter in grammatical correct English. One of the most important factors is that sentences were not formed by words alone but by structural units. The author had conformed her words, phrases, and sentences to specific pattern determined by the syntactic rules of the language. She utilized different types of sentences, passive voice, relative clause, and pronoun to emphasize some facts, attract our attention, and make effective writing. The author used a variety of sentence types at varying lengths to express more strong statements, reasonable ideas, interesting and dynamic energy....

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Blah..

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Figurative Languages

...or expression, and many times the idiom better describes the full nuance of meaning. The major function of an idiom is to translate the literal meaning of the words to a different meaning. Many times, the popular use of the term is what makes it easy to understand. An example of an idiom would be “break a leg,” which in translation means to wish someone good luck. An appropriate circumstance for using “break a leg” would be before a performer is going on stage. A misunderstanding could occur if someone were to take the term literal. For example, if a performer were about to go onto stage and someone shouted, “break a leg” and the performer took it literal, he/she could then become angry or upset with the person. An analogy is a phrase used to help compare two things that are similar to one another. This major function of an analogy is to make the words easier to understand by comparing the two. An example of an...

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1b Language Writing Frame

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