...Unit 5 Individual Project Name: Date: Part 1. There are 9 animals in nine different Phyla. Be sure to look at every page. | |Animal |Phylum |Dichotomous Key (steps) |Classification | |1 |[pic][pic] | Cnidaria | 1b, 2a, 3b, 5b | Class Echinoidea | | | | | | | |2 |[pic][pic] | Mollusca | 1b, 2b, 6a, 7b, 11a, 12b, | Class Gastropoda | | | | |13a | | |3 |[pic][pic] | Annelida | 1b, 2b, 6a, 7a, 8a | Class Clitellata | | | | | | | |4 |[pic][pic] ...
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...xono SCIE 206-1204A-05 BIOLOGY Unit 5 Individual Project Dawn Romero TAXONOMY Abstract The following paper contains a table with nine images of different animal phyla. Using the Dichotomous Key the nine different animal phyla are placed in class categories. The different steps are used to identify each class are submitted as well as the phyla name for each animal. In part two, several questions relating to the animal phyla are answered. Unit 5 Individual Project Name: Dawn Romero Date: 09-21-2012 Part 1. There are 9 animals in nine different Phyla. Be sure to look at every page. | |Animal |Phylum |Dichotomous Key (steps) |Classification | |1 |[pic][pic] |Cnidaria |1b.,2a.,3b.,4b. |Class:1B | | | | | |Scyphozoa | |2 |[pic][pic] |Mollusca |1b.,2b.,6a.,7b.,11a. |Class:12b, 13a | | | ...
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...The three main phyla of fungi are Zgomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Three main phyla has there is a forth known as imperfect fungi. Fungi are divided into phyla primarily based on their reproduction structures. Most fungi are adaptable to more extreme environments than bacteria would be able to survive and thrive in. For example most fungi prefer lower pH levels that would be far too acidic for most bacteria. They also have the ability to flourish in low moisture environments, such as many of our foods that are spoiled due to these classifications of organisms. All fungi are chemoheterotophs, meaning they must absorb their nutrients, vice, ingesting it as those in the animal kingdom. They also have the ability to produce enzymes that deteriorate complex carbohydrates for metabolism. These enzymes adhere to the tissue of fruits for example, breaking down the skin of the fruit. Thus the reason, fruits turn dark when they begin to spoil. As stated above, fungi are classified into distinct phyla based upon their reproductive structures. Each phylum will be discussed separately with examples of organisms with in the phyla as well as important aspects associated with humans both positive and negative. Organisms within the phylum Zygomycota have the ability to produce both sexually and asexually. Normally reproduction is carried out asexually until condition become right for sexually reproduction. In the asexual cycle, sporangiospores are contained within the...
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...in nine different Phyla. Be sure to look at every page. | Animal | Phylum | Dichotomous Key (steps) | Classification | 1 | | CnidariaJellyfish - Scyphozoa. (n.d.). | 1b, 2a, 3a, (4b) | Scyphozoa | 2 | | MolluscaMollusc Mollusk Mollusks. (n.d.). | 1b, 2b, 6a, 7b, 11a, 12b, (13a) | Gastropoda | 3 | | AnnelidaThe Annelids (Phylum Annelida) . (n.d.). | 1b, 2b, 6a, 7a, (8a) | Clitellata | 4 | | ArthropodaThe Trilobites, Crabs, Insects, Spiders and their Allies (Phylum Arthropoda) . (n.d.). | 1b, 2b, 6a, 7b, 11b, 14b, (15b) | Insecta | 5 | | PoriferaPhylum Porifera. (n.d.). | (1a) | Demospongiae | 6 | | EchinodermataAsteroidea, Sea stars. (n.d.). | 1b, 2a, 3b, (5a) | Asteroidea | 7 | | ChordataBirds Directory: Peacock [Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Galliformes, Family: Phasianidae, Genus: Pavo]. (n.d.). | 1b, 2b, 6b, 16b, 18b, 19b, (20a) | Aves | 8 | Image Rights: Allen G.Collins and the UC Museum of Paleontology | PlatyhelminthesKey to Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Turbellaria Order Polycladida. (n.d.). | 1b, 2b, 6a, 7a, 8b, 9b, (10a) | Turbellaria | 9 | Image Rights: Courtesy of University of Minnesota | NematodaNematodes. (n.d.). | 1b, 2b, 6a, 7a, 8b (9a) | Secernentea | Part 2: Answer the following questions as they relate to the nine phyla in the assignment table. (Porifera, Cnidaria, Nematoda, Athropoda, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata.) 1. Which phyla lack organs? What...
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...Unit 5 Individual Project Name: Date: 3/16/14 Part 1. There are 9 animals in nine different Phyla. Be sure to look at every page. Animal Phylum Dichotomous Key (steps) Classification 1 Cnidaria 1b,2a,3a,4b Scyphozoa 2 Mollusca 1b,2b,6a,7b,11a,12b,13a Gastropoda 3 Annelida 1b,2b,6a,7a,8b,9a Secernentea 4 Arthropoda 1b,2b,6a,7b,11b,14b,15b Insecta 5 Porifera 1a Demospongiae 6 Echinodermata 1b,2a,3b,5a Asteroidea 7 Chordata 1b,2b,6b,16b,18b,19b,20a Aves 8 Image Rights: Allen G. Collins and the UC Museum of Paleontology Platyhelminthes 1b,2b,6a,7a,8b,9b,10a Turbellaria 9 Image Rights: Courtesy of University of Minnesota Nematoda 1b,2b,6a,7a,8b,9a Secernentea Part 2: Answer the following questions as they relate to the nine phyla in the assignment table. (Porifera, Cnidaria, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata.) 1. Which phyla lack organs? What type of symmetry do they have? Porifera is a phyla which lacks organs Myers, P (2001). Cnidaria are also phylum that lack organs. The type of symmetry that Porifera have is asymmetry, which means they have no symmetry. The type of symmetry that Cnidaria have is a radical symmetry. 2. List all of the phyla that show cephalization. Nematoda show cephalization. Arthropoda show cephalization. Platyhelminthes show cephalization. Annelida show cephalization. Mollusca show cephalization and Chordata also show cephalization...
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...Unit 5 Individual Project Name: Virginia Burgess Date: April 27, 2014 Part 1. There are 9 animals in nine different Phyla. Be sure to look at every page. | |Animal |Phylum |Dichotomous Key (steps) |Classification | |1 |[pic][pic] |Cnidaria |(1b,2a,3a,4b) |Scyphozoa | | | | |1b:symmetry is radial, or | | | | | |bilateral | | | | | |2a: Radial symmetry, lack or | | | | | |well define head | | | | | |3a: No spines or arms present | | | | ...
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...before the Burgess Shale animals lived, there was an evolutionary “Big-Bang” called the Cambrian Explosion. • These fossils are approximately 530 million years old, and represent an array of life-forms present during the early-middle years of the Cambrian period (545-495 million years ago). What kind of organisms were fossilised: Approximately 120 species are found in the Burgess Shale, including familiar forms as well as several species belonging to previously unknown phyla. Some of the fossilized species are members of groups (phylum) that still exist. These species can be categorized as members of the phyla Porifora (sponges), Annelida (segmented marine flatworms), Arthropoda (insects, crabs, and trilobites), and Echinodermata (sea urchins, sea fans, and sea lilies), and one species is the earliest representative of the phylum Chordata (which includes vertebrates). Most of these animals were scavengers, and a few were predators. Of these Burgess Shale animals, the aptly named Hallucigenia (phyla Annelida) is probably one of the most famous for its bizarre morphology. Seven pairs of stiltlike legs support its long,...
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...Biological classification Biological classification is the arrangement of organisms into categories that express their PHYLOGENY, or line of descent, based on information such as structure, development, biochemical or physiological functions, and evolutionary history of organisms. The purpose of such a classification is to provide a clear and practical way to organize and communicate information about organisms. Classification can show relationships between different ancient and modern groups, indicate the evolutionary pathways along which present-day organisms may have developed, and provide a basis for comparing experimental data about different plant and animal groups. Organisms included in a group share a common genetic heritage in their DNA, and they must be more closely related to each other than they are to the members of other groups of the same rank. However, classifications of organisms are modified as ideas of their phylogeny change. Taxonomy is the theory and practice of classifying organisms. It is a branch of systematics, the study of the diversity of organisms. The first scheme for classifying animals into logical groupings may have been proposed by Aristotle more than 2,000 years ago. Since that time, many new classification systems have been proposed; none, however, has succeeded in fitting all plants, animals, and microorganisms into a single, completely satisfactory scheme. For example, some taxonomists classify algae with the protista or consider them plants...
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...PreЄЄOSDCPTJKPgN Animal diversity.png Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota (Unranked) Opisthokonta (Unranked) Holozoa (Unranked) Filozoa Kingdom: Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 Phyla Subkingdom Parazoa Porifera Placozoa Subkingdom Eumetazoa Radiata (unranked) Ctenophora Cnidaria Bilateria (unranked) Orthonectida Rhombozoa Acoelomorpha Chaetognatha Superphylum Deuterostomia Chordata Hemichordata Echinodermata Xenoturbellida Vetulicolia † Protostomia (unranked) Superphylum Ecdysozoa Kinorhyncha Loricifera Priapulida Nematoda Nematomorpha Onychophora Tardigrada Arthropoda Superphylum Platyzoa Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Rotifera Acanthocephala Gnathostomulida Micrognathozoa Cycliophora Superphylum Lophotrochozoa Sipuncula Hyolitha † Nemertea Phoronida Bryozoa Entoprocta Brachiopoda Mollusca Annelida Synonyms Metazoa Haeckel, 1874 Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa). Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their lives. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently. All animals must ingest other organisms or their products for sustenance (see Heterotroph). Most known animal phyla appeared in the fossil record as marine species during the Cambrian explosion, about 542 million years ago. Animals are divided into various sub-groups, some of which are: vertebrates...
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... this includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Familiar examples of invertebrates include insects, crabs, lobsters and their kin, snails, clams, octopuses and their kin, starfish, sea-urchins and their kin, and worms. The overwhelming majority of animal species are invertebrates. One estimate in the journal Science put the figure at 97%.[1] Many individual invertebrate taxa have a greater number and variety of species than the entire subphylum of Vertebrata[2] and some of the so-called invertebrates, such as the Chaetognatha, Hemichordata, Tunicata and Cephalochordata are more closely related to the vertebrates than to other invertebrate phyla. This makes the term "invertebrate" almost meaningless for taxonomic purposes. Contents [hide] 1 Etymology 2 Taxonomic significance 3 Characteristics 3.1 Phyla 4 Classification of invertebrates 5 History 5.1 Classification 5.1.1 Significance of the group 6 In research 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links Etymology[edit] The word "invertebrate" derives from the prefixed form of the Latin word vertebra. Vertebra means a joint in general, and sometimes specifically a joint from the spinal column of a vertebrate. In turn the jointed aspect of vertebra derived from the concept of turning, expressed in the root verto or vorto, to turn.[3] Coupled with the prefix in-, meaning "not" or "without",[4] the word conveys the meaning: "those that lack vertebrae". Taxonomic significance[edit] ...
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...!1 CHAPTER 27: BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA I. 27.1 Diversity and Evolution A. Archaea 1. Prokaryotic cell structure 2. More closely related to Domain Eukarya than to Domain Bacteria a) Have more complex RNA than bacteria b) Membrane lipids feature ether linkages (1) More stable under extreme environmental conditions c) Archaea do not have peptidoglycan cell walls (1) Have outer coverings made of protein instead B. Bacteria 1. Prokaryotic cell structure 2. Membrane lipids are formed with ester linkages 3. Cell walls can contain peptidoglycan C. Domain Archaea Was Ancestral to Domain Eukarya Fig. 27.2 Bacteria and Archaea !2 1. DNA with histone proteins (shared with Eukarya) (1) Archaea and Eukarya share over 30 ribosomal proteins that are not present in bacteria (2) Archaeal and Eukaryotic RNA polymerases are closely related 2. Ether-linked cell membranes a) Ester bonds are in bacteria and eukaryotes b) Ether bonds are unique to archaea (1) Ether bonds are resistant to damage by heat and other extreme conditions (a) Explains why extremophiles are able to exist c) Archaea also use isoprene chains instead of fatty acid chains in making membranes 3. Extremophiles a) Organisms that occur primarily in extreme habitats 4. Hypothermophiles a) An organism that thrives in extremely hot environments b) Methanopyrus (1) Grows best at deep sea thermal vent sites (a) Where the temperature is 98 degrees celsius Both are Methanopyrus (b) It actually can not grow when the temperature is less than...
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...INTRODUCTION Many recognized species on Earth are classified according to their presumed evolutionary relationship. Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying organisms. Today, taxonomists use the following categories of classification: species, genus, family, order, class, phylum and kingdom. Recently, a higher taxonomic category, the domain, has been added to this list.Kingdom is the second highest taxonomic rank below domain. It is divided into categories called phyla, each phylum is divided into classes, each class into orders, each order into families, each family into genera, and each genus into species. Living organisms are subdivided into 5 major kingdoms, including the Monera, the Protista, the Fungi, the Plantae, and the Animalia. Each kingdom is further subdivided into separate phyla or divisions. Generally "animals" are subdivided into phyla, while "plants" are subdivided into divisions. Organisms in any given Kingdom maybe separated from organisms in any other Kingdom by many hundreds of millions, if not billions, of years of evolution. This book provides information about the five kingdoms of life. It will give you knowledge on how organisms grouped and classified. You will also learn the different microorganisms that do exist on Earth. Let yourself explore the world deeper Let yourself know beyond what you see. Let yourself discover about the… Five Kingdoms of Life.. ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Importance of Thermoacidophiles -The importance and impact that microbial activity has on the geology, geochemistry and ecology of hydrothermal vent ecosystems is now well-recognized. Given the recent discovery that the first cultured member of the deep-sea endemic archeael lineage, DHVE2, is a thermoacidophile, growing best at pH 4.5 and unable to grow above pH 6, the investigators in this project are poised to use this organism as a model organism to explore the ecology of thermoacidophiles at deep-sea vents. Importance of Methanogenium thermophilum -In four species of methanogens able to grow with secondary alcohols as hydrogen donors the expression and properties of secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (sec-ADH) were investigated. Cells grown with 2-propanol and CO2 immediately started to oxidize secondary alcohols to ketones if transferred to new media. Importance of Methanobacterium Thermoautotrophicum -The complete 1,751,377-bp sequence of the genome of the thermophilic archaeon Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum deltaH has been determined by a whole-genome shotgun sequencing approach. A total of 1,855 open reading frames (ORFs) have been identified that appear to encode polypeptides, 844 (46%) of which have been assigned putative functions based on their similarities to database sequences with assigned functions. Importance of Gram-positive - Gram-positive bacteria are so called because they take up the violet stain used in the Gram staining method. Gram-positive...
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...Food and energy sourcing Main article: Animal nutrition All animals are heterotrophs, meaning that they feed directly or indirectly on other living things.[27] They are often further subdivided into groups such as carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, and parasites.[28] Predation is a biological interaction where a predator (a heterotroph that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked).[29] Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation almost always results in the death of the prey.[30] The other main category of consumption is detritivory, the consumption of dead organic matter.[31] It can at times be difficult to separate the two feeding behaviours, for example, where parasitic species prey on a host organism and then lay their eggs on it for their offspring to feed on its decaying corpse. Selective pressures imposed on one another has led to an evolutionary arms race between prey and predator, resulting in various antipredator adaptations.[32] Most animals indirectly use the energy of sunlight by eating plants or plant-eating animals. Most plants use light to convert inorganic molecules in their environment into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules, characteristically containing reduced carbon in the form of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Starting with carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), photosynthesis converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy in the form of simple sugars (e.g., glucose)...
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...Proto= “first” Deutero=second Stome= “organism having a mouth or mouthlike organ” Nephro= “relating to kidneys” How might you benefit from remembering the definitions of word parts? I might benefit from remembering the definitions of word parts because if I cannot remember the definition of the whole word the prefix or suffix can at least give me an idea of what it is. What diagnostic features are present in mollusks and annelids were not present in the phyla studied in the previous lab exercises? What...
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