...Experiment 10. The effect of pepsin on egg white suspension (a) Label four test-tubes 1-4. (b) Into each tube place about 5 cm3 (20 mm in test-tube) egg white suspension. (c) To tubes 2,3 and 4 add three drops of dilute hydrochloric acid. (d) Using a graduated pipette or syringe place 1 cm3 1% pepsin solution in a clean test- tube and heat it over a small Bunsen flame until the liquid boils. Add the boiled pepsin to the egg-white suspension in tube 4. (e) Prepare a water bath in a 250 cm3 beaker or jar by mixing hot and cold water from the tap to attain a temperature of about 40 °C. Have the beaker about half full. (f) Using a graduated pipette or syringe, add 1 cm3 1% pepsin to tubes 1 and 3 only. (g) Place all four tubes in the water bath and copy the table below into your notebook. (h) After five or six minutes remove the four tubes from the water bath and replace them in the test-tube rack. Compare the appearance of the contents and fill in your table of results. |Tube |Contents |Results | |1 |Egg-white suspension & pepsin | | |2 |Egg-white suspension & HCl | | |3 |Egg-white suspension, pepsin & HCl ...
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...Sedimentary rock is classified into three categories detrital, chemical/biochemical, and organic -based on their sedimentary processing. The sedimentary process is a result of the transport process by which the rocks become rounded as a consequence of some type of abrasion from being transport and deposited. Most commonly this occurs through weathering, rain, streamflow, erosion, or wind. The other forces that create sedimentary rock are generated from either chemical precipitation/crystallization or a process called lithification of what once was organic matter. This process involves the chemical breakdown of the source material that requires heat, dissolution, new minerals produced from the weathering process. The most significant characteristic of sedimentary rocks is the that are stratified. This means that sediments of any particular time period are arranged in a different layer that lays beneath and over equally different layers of time periods older and younger than itself. Detrital Detrital sedimentary rocks are a combination of conglomerate, sandstone, and shale/mudstone. These are primarily composed of other fragmented rocks. Based on the size they are subdivided into the various mentioned categories. Conglomerates are consolidated gravel deposits with variable amounts of sand and mud between the pebbles and are the least abundant of sediment type. They are primarily found in mountain streams, along margins of mountain ranges. The source rock of a conglomerate can...
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...Altered Phys. Notes Lecture 1: (September 17, 2015) What does physiology mean? * Normal function of a living thing, human cell, tissue, organ , system What is Pathophysiology? * Abnormal function caused by an adverse event/stimulus * The event can be mechanical/chemical/radiation/etc. * It has a negative impact on function How relevant is A&P to Patho? * Pretty relevant * You know when something is wrong with the human body if you know how it functions when its healthy * You need to know what’s normal to appreciate what’s different Cell and tissue biology * If you can understand what is happening in a cell, you can see what is happening in a tissue, (tissue is group of cells performing a similar function) * Injuries can be caused by chemical, intentional or unintentional, etc. Sub-lethal (reversible), or lethal (irreversible) * Cellular aging is a normal part of cell life Structural and functional changes leading to cell death or decreased capacity to heal * Different cells age at different rates * Skin cells get replaced every day, red blood cells get replaced every 4 months * There are 5 million blood cells travelling in the human body at a time Adaptation: how a cell responds to stimulus (ex. Pregnancy), to escape and protect themselves from injury Normal cells meet injury it could do one of two things * It could say, I’m going to change myself so I can stay healthy adaptation * If the adaptation doesn’t...
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...282Phys. Experiment 8 Diffraction Grating 1- Objective : find the wavelength of the Laser using the diffraction pattern of Diffraction Grating. 2. Theory: A diffraction grating is made of many equally-spaced slits, the distance between two slits is d . The slits of a grating give rise to diffraction and the diffracted light interferes so as to set up interference patterns. The distance ym is the distance on the screen from the central bright spot (m = 0) to the next bright spot of order m. The condition for constructive interference is When the difference in path length between the light passing through different slits is an integral number of wavelengths of the incident light , bright m m 0, 1, 2, 3, ... Equation 1 Equation 2 Equation 3 bright d sin bright d sin bright m where : d is the distance between adjacent slits . θ is the angle the re-created image makes with the normal to the grating surface. λ is the wavelength of the light. m = 0, 1, 2, . . . is an integer. 1 282Phys. Diffracted light located at a distance L from the grating. Note that the angular separation between the spots is larger than a few degrees, so we should not use the small-angle approximations. The angular separation is: tan bright y bright L tan bright sin bright , bright tan 1 ( y bright L ) Equation 4 From equation 3 and 4 : d sin m Equation 5 ybright d sin[tan 1 ( )] m L L 2 ...
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...Critical Thinking Reflection Critical Thinking in Everyday Life BY TaNesha Green 9/7/15 I have learned a lot about Critical Thinking, I believe that I am now Advanced Critical Thinker. This is the stage when you go above and beyond with your thinking process. It involves more than just Memory and Recall. Advanced thinking requires the learner to use knowledge in some meaningful way--to link learning to prior knowledge, to make comparisons and contrasts, to apply ideas to novel situations, to create some new ways of combining ideas, and to evaluate options. I have also learned about the Eight-Step Model of Critical Thinking Steps. Recognize the need to improve your Critical Thinking Skills. Use wasted time, everyone waste time the step is basically telling you that the little time you waste you can be doing something productive. What barriers inhibit me from developing my critical thinking skills? Unwarranted assumptions and stereotypes, an assumption is something we take for granted, something we believe to be true without any proof or conclusive evidence. Almost everything we think and do is based on assumptions. The assumptions may or may not be correct, but without evidence they are really only guesses. How Can I modify or replace them? I can stop assuming and do better research to get the correct answer instead of having an opinion I will have a fact. Critical thinking becomes the essence and defining of your existence. Basically, once knowledge is learned don’t...
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...STUDENT INFORMATION | Your Name Ecology StudentDate August 7, 2012Assignment No. 2 | NEWS ARTICLE INFORMATION | News Article Title TRee Loss Used to Guage Elephant Popultaion HealthNews Article Date August 7, 2012 News Website ENN-Enviornmental News Network URL of News Article http://www.enn.com/wildlife/article/44771 | NEWS ARTICLE AUTHOR(S) | Author 1 none listedAuthor 2 Author 3 | SCHOLARLY JOURNAL INFORMATION | *Name of Scholarly Journal Ecology Letters*Journal Article Title Landscape-scale effects of herbivores on treefall in African savannasURL of Journal Article http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01842.x/abstract*Date of Journal Article Publication August 5, 2012Funding Source/Support (if available) This research was funded by the Andrew Mellon Foundation. The Carnegie Airborne Observatory is supported by the W.M. Keck Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore foundation, the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, and William Hearst III. | RESEARCHER(S) – AFLLIATION(S) | Researcher/Journal Article Author Gregory P. Asner University/Agency Affiliation Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA, USAResearcher/Journal Article Author Shaun R. Levick University/Agency Affiliation Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA, USA, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany Researcher/Journal...
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...Achieving Goals James J. Jennings PSY/320 Human Motivation December 22, 2011 Dr. Michelle Bailey Achieving Goals It is the day after Halloween and the position for Special Projects Coordinator has been posted on the job announcement bulletin board for all interested and qualified employees. One of the responsibilities of this job is to enhance employees behavior toward tasks during the course of the year through food, money, praise, attention, stickers, good stars, privilege tokens, approval scholarship, candy, trophies, certificates, or awards. This position expands the concept of extrinsic motivation which “provides the individual satisfaction in performing a task that even if the individual doesn’t really like doing it, he or she continues to accomplish the work because of his or her anticipated reward,”( Schop 2009). The responsibility of this position will also provide incentive programs that will increase the productivity of the employee’s as well as amplify the standing of the company compared to similar businesses within the area. The overall function of this position is to give employees the opportunity within the company to develop goals that amplify interest, capabilities, creativity, and in doing so, seek out and master optimal challenges not only for daily tasks but special project tasks throughout the year. Self –Management The special projects coordinator will inculcate opportunities of interest for every type of employee to set futuristic goals...
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...Chapter 5: Microteaching Tanja Gavrilović, Maja Ostojić, Dario Sambunjak, Michael Kirschfink, Thorsten Steiner, Veronika Strittmatter 1. Introduction Why microteaching? Medical teachers most often do not receive a special training in pedagogic techniques, as it is usually not considered necessary for their recruitment or for an efficient continued performance. Their ability to teach therefore largely depends on self training, either by trial and error while teaching or by observation of colleagues, who may or may not be helpful examples. Getting in front of students is a trying experience for a budding teacher. One may earnestly try to prepare him or herself: read books about teaching methods, attend lectures and take courses on didactics. Yet, in theory everything seems much simpler than in practice. The complexity of a teaching situation can be overwhelming. To deal effectively with it, teachers must not only have a good knowledge of the subject in hand, but also some communication skills such as ability to observe, supervise, lead a discussion and pose questions. Furthermore, a teacher should be aware of how students perceive him or her. This perception is sometimes quite different from the teacher's self-image. It is difficult to self assess one’s own abilities and we benefit from colleagues’ feed back to recognize our strength and identify areas for possible improvement. Evaluation of teaching by students is becoming a common practice, and a constructive feedback...
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...Partners: Joseph Dea Adrian Capinpin Plotting Electric Potential Lab Purpose: To understand and experiment with electric potentials and examine electric fields, from their directions to their strengths and their behavior. Also, to map electric equipotential lines and electric field lines for two-dimensional configurations. Procedure: Starting the first of two parts of our lab (part A), we began by setting up our equipment. We first set up our conducting paper and pushed two aluminum push pins into each of the two conducting metallic holes on the paper. We then followed by connecting the negative terminal of the power supply to the push pin on the left and the positive terminal to the opposite push pin on the right (see figure below). After everything was set up we turned the dial of the voltmeter to 20 Volts (V), and proceeded by pushing the tip of our probe in the middle of the conducting paper and adjusted the DC power supply until the voltmeter read 5.00 V. Once we got an accurate reading, we gently used the probe to find points on the conducting paper that also read 5.00 V, generally about 2 cm above the starting position. We proceeded with this technique until we reached the apex of the y coordinate, which was capped at 20.0 cm. Following completion of the superior part of the x-axis, we took our probe and repeated the same procedure for the inferior portion of the x-axis, which extended down to 0 cm. We continued this process for the y-axis as well...
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...Our analysis showed a near linear relationship between current and voltage for the resistor, as expected. Our experimental error for the factory versus actual resistance was only 4.77%. The resistance of the light bulb is not as linear as with the resistor. This is because the resistance changes when the light come on, as some of the energy is converted to heat in the filament. The critical point when the light first turns on is at O.456 Volts and you can see on the graph that the resistance begins to level off at this point. You can see the same point on the graph of current versus resistance because the line begins to curve at the corresponding critical point of 0.390 Amps. As the light gets brighter, more energy is lost as heat and the curve levels off even more. Conclusion: In the lab we measured resistance in a resistor and in a light bulb. We built a circuit and used an ammeter and a voltmeter to measure the current and the electric potential difference to measure resistance. The resistor has a linear relationship between current and resistance because resistance does not change as the current increases. However the light bulb is not linear because some energy is lost as heat in the filament when the light bulb comes on. Our experimental data confirms these hypotheses and you can see the point where the light bulb comes on and the line starts to curve on our graph. Lab Questions: 1. Electric resistance in materials is caused by energy being lost to heat when there...
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...Week Five Exercises Chandler W. Morgan PHY/101 May 2, 2015 Dr. Rashmi Sharma Week Five Exercises Ch. 22 Exercise 8 Your hair becomes positively charged upon the removal of electrons through the comb. These electrons are now present in the comb and absent from the hair causing the comb to have a negative charge. Because both the comb and the hair were neutral, electrons have a negative charge. http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/63557/why-does-the-comb-attract-the-pieces-of-papers-if-theyre-neutral Ch. 22 Exercise 38 When you rub a balloon against an object, it takes the electrons from that and becomes a negatively charged object. Once you place the balloon near a wall, the electrons in the wall are repelled away from the balloon and the protons are attracted to the balloon so they come to the edge of the surface of the wall. Because opposites attract, the electrons in the balloon cause the clinging to the wall after rubbing the balloon in your hair. www.regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys03/aeleclab/ballrub.htm Ch. 23 Exercise 1 There are several things that can be done to increase the flow of a water pipe, however, I will just name two. (1) Increase the pressure of the water and (2) Increase the diameter of the pipe, which decreases resistance to the flow of water. http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/126625/does-increasing-diameter-of-a-water-pipe-increase-speed-or-volume Ch. 23 Exercise 26 Automobile headlight are wired in parallel circuits...
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...DATA SHEET Name: Robert Bass Date: 01/28/2015 15 questions, 2 points each, 30 points total 1. What is the precision of the vernier caliper? 1 / 20mm = 0.05mm 2. Record your measurements of the outer diameter of the washers in the table below. | diameter (d outer) | radius (r outer) | measurement #1 | 18.4mm | 9.2mm | measurement #2 | 18.3mm | 9.2mm | measurement #3 | 18.2mm | 9.1mm | measurement #4 | 18.2mm | 9.1mm | measurement #5 | 18.3mm | 9.2mm | average | 18.3mm | 9.16mm | 3. Record your measurements of the inner diameter of the washers in the table below. | diameter (d inner) | radius (r inner) | measurement #1 | 7.8mm | 3.9mm | measurement #2 | 7.9mm | 3.9mm | measurement #3 | 8.0mm | 4.0mm | measurement #4 | 8.1mm | 4.1mm | measurement #5 | 7.9mm | 3.9mm | average | 7.94mm | 3.96mm | 4. Record your measurements of the thickness of the washers in the table below. | thickness (t) | measurement #1 | 1.6mm | measurement #2 | 1.6mm | measurement #3 | 1.7mm | measurement #4 | 1.7mm | measurement #5 | 1.7mm | average | 1.66mm | 5. What coin did you choose for the next part of the experiment? U.S Quarter 6. Record your measurements of the diameter of the coin in the table below. | diameter (d) | radius (r) | measurement #1 | 24mm | 12mm | measurement #2 | 23.9mm | 12mm | measurement #3 | 23.8mm | 11.9mm | measurement #4 | 23.8mm | 11.9mm | measurement #5...
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...PSY 250 Week Three EXAM Kala Strunk 04/27/2015 1. Pat enjoys the philosophy of “being-in-the-world”. This is an example of what philosophy? Evolutionary Personality Theory. 2. How does the drug Prozac work in the brain (neurotransmitter action)? Prozac blocks a cell that then builds a persons own serotonin into the body. It does not put any serotonin into the body itself it just helps the body build it better. 3. What year did the American Psychiatric Association decide homosexuality was no longer a mental disorder? 1974 4. I am studying why two people view and interpret an event differently. What do researchers call this approach? Survival of the fittest 5. What 17th century philosopher wrote that the mind is a blank slate (tabula rasa) at birth? John Locke 6. What is the biological name for fraternal twins? dizygotic twins 7. Which one is not a suggestion for pursuing happiness: a. Help others b. Keep lists of your accomplishments c. Recognize that many people will always be unhappy d. Avoid television. C. Recognize that many people will always be unhappy 8. What is the study of how genes affect human behavior called? Behavioral genomics 9. Define the “physical attractiveness stereotype”? Physical attractiveness stereotype is when we see something beautiful we automatically think it is a good thing, or person. Attractiveness will get people farther in life and be wanted more. The physical attractive people...
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...1407, BIOL 1408, BIOL 1409, BIOL 1411, BIOL 1413, BIOL 1424, BIOL 2206, BIOL 2301-2101, BIOL 2302-2102, BIOL 2304, BIOL 2305, BIOL 2306-2106, BIOL 2316-2116, BIOL 2320-2120, BIOL 2321-2121, BIOL 2401, BIOL 2402, BIOL 2404, BIOL 2406, BIOL 2416, BIOL 2420, BIOL 2421, BIOL 2428, CHEM 1305-1105, CHEM 1307-1107, CHEM 1311, CHEM 1312, CHEM 1405, CHEM 1406, CHEM 1407, CHEM 1411, CHEM 1412, CHEM 1413, CHEM 1414, CHEM 1419, CHEM 1420, CHEM 2301-2101, CHEM 2302-2102, CHEM 2402, GEOL 1301-1101, GEOL 1302-1102, GEOL 1303-1103, GEOL 1304-1104, GEOL 1305-1105, GEOL 1345-1145, GEOL 1347, GEOL 1401, GEOL 1402, GEOL 1403, GEOL 1404, GEOL 1405, GEOL 1445, GEOL 1447, GEOL 2307-2107, GEOL 2309, GEOL 2405, GEOL 2407, GEOL 2409, GEOL 2411, PHYS 1301, PHYS 1302, PHYS...
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...astro-ph/0301505 UMN–TH–2127/03 TPI–MINN–03/02 January 2003 arXiv:astro-ph/0301505v2 25 Jan 2003 TASI LECTURES ON DARK MATTER∗ KEITH A. OLIVE† William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA E-mail: olive@umn.edu Observational evidence and theoretical motivation for dark matter are presented and connections to the CMB and BBN are made. Problems for baryonic and neutrino dark matter are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the prospects for supersymmetric dark matter. 1. Lecture 1 The nature and identity of the dark matter of the Universe is one of the most challenging problems facing modern cosmology. The problem is a long-standing one, going back to early observations of mass-to-light ratios by Zwicky1 . Given the distribution (by number) of galaxies with total luminosity L, φ(L), one can compute the mean luminosity density of galaxies L= which is determined to be2 L ≃ 2 ± 0.2 × 108 ho L⊙ M pc−3 (2) Lφ(L)dL (1) where L⊙ = 3.8 × 1033 erg s−1 is the solar luminosity. In the absence of a cosmological constant, one can define a critical energy density, ρc = 3H 2 /8πGN = 1.88 × 10−29 ho 2 g cm−3 , such that ρ = ρc for three-space curvature k = 0, where the present value of the Hubble parameter has been defined by Ho = 100ho km Mpc−1 s−1 . We can now define a critical mass-to-light ratio is given by (M/L)c = ρc /L ≃ 1390ho(M⊙ /L⊙ ) (3) ∗ Summary of lectures given at the Theoretical Advanced...
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