...Associate Level Material Appendix C OSI Model Key Terms Table Use the following table to define the key terms related to the OSI model. Describe the functions of any hardware connectivity devices and tools listed. |Term |Definition |Function | | | |(if applicable) | |Physical layer |Will convert bits into signals for outgoing|This will change the data packets to | | |messages and signals into bits for incoming|physical signals which symbolize 1’s and | | |messages.. |0’s and then later will send the physical | | | |signal to the destination. | |Data link layer |Will work with frames and is intermediary |The layer splits data that is obtained from| | |between Network layer and Physical Layer. |the network later to the frames and the | | | |physical layer can transmit. It will also | | | ...
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...Term paper of computer networking (Design wireless network) x.y.z. Abstract: this document tells us about wireless network and various techniques to design a computer wireless network Keywords—wireless networks, connecting devices, switches, hubs. [pic] Campus network A campus network is a computer network made up of an interconnection of local area networks (LANs) within a limited geographical area. The networking equipments (switches, routers) and transmission media (optical fiber, copper plant, Cat5 cabling etc) are almost entirely owned (by the campus tenant / owner: an enterprise, university, government etc). In the case of a university campus-based campus network, the network is likely to link a variety of campus buildings including; academic departments, the university library and student residence halls. [pic] | | | | Introduction A computer network allows sharing of resources and information among devices connected to the network. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) funded the design of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) for the United States Department of Defence. It was the first operational computer network in the world. Development of the network began in 1969, based on designs developed during the 1960s. For a history see ARPANET, the first network . Purpose • Facilitating communications. Using a network, people can communicate efficiently and easily...
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...D 20) A, B Key Terms Switched circuit-A circuit by the phone company in reaction to signaling (the user tapping telephone keys or a modem sending in the same digits), with the telco tearing down the circuit when the user is finished. Dedicated circuit- An electric circuit created by a telco on behalf of a customer, with the circuit staying up all the time, dedicated for use by the one customer that ordered the circuit. Also known as a line, leased circuit, and point-to-point line. Circuit switching-The overall process by which a series of telco devices called circuit switches connect a circuit from one customer to the other, with the device’s logic taking incoming bits on one segment in the link and forwarding those bits out the matching outgoing segment, without storing bits. Packet switching-Process of forwarding customer data in a WAN by looking at the header of the messages sent into the WAN by the customer and making a per-messages decision as to where to forward each message. Leased line-A physical link between two locations, provided by a telco, that allows two-way communication between sites. Time-division multiplexing-A type of logic used by some networking devices, including circuit switches in the telco, in which the switch divides a faster line into time channels. T-carrier system- The name of the combination of different physical line standards (DS0, DS1, DS3, and others), plus circuit switches that...
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...The corporate level strategy of Dish Network is to horizontally integrate. It acquired Blockbuster and tries to maintain this studio right. Also, it purchased additional wireless licensures to implement this strategy. The business level option of Dish Network is to integrate Dish products into Blockbuster stores. In the long run, Dish Network should try to work on retaining the current customers and gain more customers as well. At the same time, it will build a good reputation to be competitive in today's television market. The ultimately purpose of any commercial organization is to maximize profit, but this should build upon being achieved these short-term objectives. Short-Term Objectives In the coming six months, Dish Network will develop the following short-term objectives: 1. Try to increase the market shares. According to the Dish Network annual report, the corporate has 13.967 million subscribers until December 31, 2011, which represent approximately 14% of pay-TV subscribers in the United States. In the first season this year, Dish has increased its customer group by 22,000. Therefore, Dish Network can keep trying to retain the existing customers and increase the potential customers to gain more market shares. With the current customer’s base, the corporate can set having 13.997 million subscribers as a goal, which means increase approximately 0.21% of the market shares in the second quarter. 2. Promote the Hopper DVR. Dish Network launched this new product in January...
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...Case Project 2-1 You have been hired to upgrade a network of 50 computers currently connected to 10 Mbps hubs. This long-overdue upgrade is necessary because of poor network response time caused by a lot of collisions occurring during long file transfers between clients and servers. How do you recommend upgrading this network? What interconnecting devices will you use, and what benefit will you get from using these devices? Write a short memo describing the upgrade and, if possible, include a drawing of the new network. This network should have a central server that can control incoming and outgoing transmissions. A central server would stop the entire network from being bogged down because of data packets being sent and received. In addition, the hubs should be upgraded to handle 1000 Mbps. Below is an example of what a smaller version would look like. Case Project 2-2 Two hundred workstations and four servers on a single LAN are connected by a number of switches. You’re seeing an excessive number of broadcast packets throughout the LAN and want to decrease the effect this broadcast traffic has on your network. What steps must you take to achieve this goal? Ideally it’s preferable to probably split it up into one or more workstation subnets (based on say, departments) and then another subnet (or more for a larger enterprise) for the servers. Traffic between the subnets will be routed. This means the broadcasts from workstations won't hamper the servers and vice versa...
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...University of Phoenix Material OSI Model Key Terms Table http://support.microsoft.com/kb/103884 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&profile=default&search=Polling+OSI&fulltext=Search Define the key terms related to the OSI Model. Describe the functions of any hardware connectivity devices and tools listed. |Term |Definition |Funcation | | | |(if applicable) | |Physical layer |The physical layer, the lowest layer of the|It describes the electrical/optical, | | |OSI model, is concerned with the |mechanical, and functional interfaces to | | |transmission and reception of the |the physical medium, and carries the | | |unstructured raw bit stream over a physical|signals for all of the higher layers. It | | |medium |provides: | |Data link layer |The data link layer provides error-free |Link establishment and termination: | | |transfer of data frames from one...
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...Solutions Review Questions 1. What term refers to the physical layout of a network’s computers, cables, and other resources? topology, diagram, layout, or map 2. Joining the computers in a network at a central point creates a star topology. Which of the following statements is true of a star topology network? (Choose all that apply.) c. It requires much more cabling than a bus network. d. Its centralized nature makes network management easier. 3. A physical bus topology network requires terminators. True or False? True 4. Which of the following statements is true of a ring topology network? b. It provides equal access to all computers on the network. 5. Which of the following physical topologies is the most fault tolerant? c. mesh 6. What are two advantages of a star topology network? inexpensive easy to troubleshoot and configure 7. Which physical topology does switching use? star or extended star 8. A cable break in a bus network does not affect network communications. True or False? False 9. In a bus network, if the ends of the cable aren’t terminated, what occurs? signal bounce 10. Connecting computers to form a straight line creates a _______ topology network. physical bus or bus 11. How do switches provide better...
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...benefits of implementing VLANs within a network? A. A more efficient use of bandwidth can be achieved allowing many physical groups to use the same network infrastructure B. Broadcast storms can be mitigated by decreasing the number of broadcast domains, thus increasing their size. C.A higher level of network security can be reached by separating sensitive data traffic from other network traffic. D. Port-based VLANs increase switch-port use efficient, thanks to 802.1Q trunks E.A more efficient use of bandwidth can be achieved allowing many logical networks to use the same network infrastructure. F. Broadcast storms can be mitigated by increasing the number of broadcast domains, thus reducing their size. G.VLANs makes it easier for IT staff to configure new logical groups, because the VLANs all belong to the same broadcast domain. 2. What are some drawbacks of implementing VLANs within a network? •Usable bandwidth is shared among all the devices connected to the LAN •ALL devices connected within a LAN can hear ALL the packets irrespective of whether the packet is meant for that device or not. It is possible for some unscrupulous node listening to data packets not meant for that. •Suppose, your organization has different departments. Using a traditional LAN, when any changes take place within the organization, physical cables and devices need to be moved to reorganize the LAN infrastructure. •A LAN cannot extend beyond its physical boundary across a WAN as in VLANs. Management...
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...A wireless mesh network is any wireless network where data is transmitted using mesh networking. That is, where nodes don't just send and receive data, but also serve as a relay for other nodes and each node collaborates in propagating data on the network. A wireless mesh network can be thought of as a collection of nodes where each mesh node is also a router. Compare this to a WiFi access point where service can be provided only within reach of the signal and when it is turned off, the connection is gone. Mesh nodes work differently by rerouting data to another hop which it is connected to, bypassing the empty area where a node might be off. Techopedia explains Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) The concept of mesh networking can be applied to both physical and wireless networking, but it's much more commmon for wireless networks given the cabling costs that would be required to implement as a physical topology. A key difference here is that mesh nodes work in a cooperative gain scheme where the more nodes that are active, the greater the bandwidth available Consider this analogy in traditional networking: when cars (data) coming from a wide road comes to a small bridge they all have to slow down to wait in line. To increase the number of cars going through, you need to make a bigger bridge (add bandwidth) which is then wasted in times of less traffic. In mesh networking, imagine people coming to a river, where in order to continue each person drops a rock to make a foot...
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...Network Modes Zachary Gurley NTC\405 August 10, 2015 Bradley Rush Network Modes Throughout time, Ethernet has transformed computer systems into a network of computing devices with unlimited potential. Before the days of Ethernet, networking was not very effective or efficient. The only way to transfer data before this time was to go from device to device and manually move files. Definitely not what I would call a good means of transporting data compared to the ways of today. However, during those times, you had to work with what you had. All of this was done before Ethernet was an industry standard. However, more recently, people have utilized the potential of Ethernet to move frames or packets across a network. Because of Ethernets adequate performance, and superior economics, it won the heart of network administrators and most people using networking equipment. Today, Ethernet focuses on wired LAN technology and continues to grow in speed and sophistication. Despite Ethernet’s sophistication, its means of communication is done in a systematic manner. For instance, Ethernet sends data across a network in frames or packets. Data is wrapped in six layers of assembly which consist of first a Preamble, next a recipient MAC address, followed by a senders MAC address, length, (Data), Pad, and the cyclic redundancy checker for errors of missed packets. Lastly, but more importantly, the foundation of Ethernet are found at the physical and data link layer of the OSI model...
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...APPLICATIONS Subject Code: MC1701 Subject Name : Computer Networks 2 Mark Questions 1. Define Network. A network is a set of devices connected by physical media links. A network is recursively is a connection of two or more nodes by a physical link or two or more networks connected by one or more nodes. 2. What is a Link? At the lowest level, a network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Link. 3. What is a node? A network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Links and the computer it connects is called as Nodes. 4. What is a gateway or Router? A node that is connected to two or more networks is commonly called as router or Gateway. It generally forwards message from one network to another. 5. What is point-point link? If the physical links are limited to a pair of nodes it is said to be point-point link. 6. What is Multiple Access? If the physical links are shared by more than two nodes, it is said to be Multiple Access. 7. What are the advantages of Distributed Processing? a. Security/Encapsulation b. Distributed database c. Faster Problem solving d. Security through redundancy e. Collaborative Processing 8. What are the criteria necessary for an effective and efficient network? a. Performance It can be measured in many ways...
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...Point: OSI Model Key Terms Table | | |Points Earned |Points Possible | | |Suggested response: | | | |Term | | | |Definition | |Function | |(if applicable) | | | |Physical layer ...
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...Final Exam Study Guide 1. Byte- 8 bits 2. Truth Table? 1=yes 0=no 3. Parentheses of math equation 4. Node on a network? A generic term for any networking device that sits on the end of links, for the purpose of both connection links to create physical paths and to make decisions about how to forward data through the network 5. Topology-bus 6. Identify protocol and web address Protocol- set of rules that different devices and/or software must follow so that the network work correctly Web address- text that identifies details about one object in a network so that a client can request that object from a serve. An informal term for URL. 7. Basic to every networking standard A document that details information about some technology or protocol related to networking and that document has been passed through a review and approval process that certifies the document as a standard (pg.106) 8. Why is TCP/IP divided into layers Makes it easier for humans to understand and makes it easier to divide the work among different products (pg.110) 9. What layer of OSI model is responsible for encryption The presentation layer (6th layer) 10. Electrical circuit closed A complete loop of material over which electricity can flow 11. Networking coding scheme Is a technique which can be used to improve a network's throughput, efficiency and scalability, as well as resilience to attacks and eavesdropping* 12. Full duplex A networking...
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...utilization and flexibility of the network infrastructure. I/O Virtualization architecture comprises of: a) Virtual Device b) Guest Driver c) The communication mechanism between virtual device and stack of virtualization. d) Real Device e) Physical device driver f) Virtualization I/O stack I/O virtualization technology can be used to visualize a single physical adapter and for multiple virtual network interface cards (vNICs) and virtual host bus adapters (vHBAs). vNICs and vHBAs function like any other NIC and HBA card installed on the server. They work along with Hypervisor and applications which is the existing operating systems. Some of the major advantages of I/O Virtualization are listed below: a) Flexibility: Since I/O virtualization...
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...systems from isolated, solitary islands to a network of computing devices with limitless potential. Unfortunately, before Ethernet, network computing was administered solely by proto-geeks who wore white coats and pocket protectors. Previously, the best idea these so-called geeks came up with before Ethernet, was sneaker-net, which meant individuals had to save the files to a disk, lace up their tennis shoes and marched to the next computing device. All of this was done before Ethernet was an industry standard. However, more recently, geeks have utilized the potential of Ethernet to move frames or packets across a network. Ethernet invented and utilized in the 1990s focuses on a hybrid star bus (Meyers, 2009). Because of Ethernets adequate performance, and superior economics, it won the heart of network administrators and most people using networking equipment. Today, Ethernet focuses on wired LAN technology and continues to grow in speed and sophistication. Despite Ethernet’s sophistication, its means of communication is done in a systematic manner. For instance, Ethernet sends data across a network in frames or packets. Data is wrapped in six layers of assembly which consist of first a Preamble, next a recipient MAC address, followed by a senders MAC address, length, (Data), Pad, and the cyclic redundancy checker for errors of missed packets. Lastly, but more importantly, the foundation of Ethernet are found at the physical and data link layer of the OSI model. ...
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