...Anthony Tallini 11-16-15 Sociology/Prof. Phillips Social Class and Life Chances Stony Brook and Patchogue Village have differing life chances and social classes all based on social and economic differences. Cultural capital and Social capital play a big role in how you will succeed in social stratification, based on Pierre Bourdieu and Max Weber. In this essay I will explain how five social and economic characteristics affect the towns of Stony Brook CDP and Patchogue Village. Then I’ll inform the reader how both mentioned towns differ from each other and the majority of Americans. Finally I will describe what role would social and cultural capital play in your chances of success in life. Educational attainment is a social characteristic that plays a role in success. In Stony Brook the percent of people with a bachelor’s degree or higher was about 54.5 percent of the population as told by the “usbeacon”, likewise Patchogue’s percent of people with a bachelors or higher was only about 23.1%. This trend can also be seen with those with a graduate and professional degree with Stony brook being at 30.98 percent and Patchogue being at 9.89 percent. “The benefits of having a college education are manifold and range from financial to cultural. From common benefits to some unexpected surprises.”{1} College, as said by Jeff McGuire from Collegeview.com, is a good idea in order to take advantage of social growth and learning. The fact that you’ll be building a career for the...
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...MUD08243876 Differences in cultural capital mark the differences between the classes” Pierre Bourdieu How do class, gender, sexuality or race work in relation to taste today? Using at least two key theorists discussed on the course, explain how ideas of taste are presented in any two media texts. The concept of good taste and class has always been a sensitive subject for those perceived as lacking enough taste or class to fit in the higher echelons of society. Historically, taste. class and it’s symbols have always been defined by the social elite. It was been incredibly difficult for outsiders to gain access to the knowledge that ensured the ruling class were in a position to define taste for the rest of the population. There has however always been a drive in the lower classes to earn acceptance and even entry to the higher class of society. This drive has been a major factor to the success of capitalism, giving birth to mass production and economic well fare. Renowned french sociologist Pierre Bourdieu theorised on cultural, social and symbolic values in order to analyze what constituted taste and class. (Swartz, David. 1997) Bourdieu believed that if one possessed a great deal of cultural capital (knowledge of the arts, language or artistic flair) one would be perceived as a higher class than someone without the same knowledge. Bourdieu argues that all members of society exist in a multidimensional social space: where one is not only...
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...Pierre Bourdieu (1930 – 2002) is a France sociologist who is widely known for his critical analysis of social practices. His focus of study is about the influences of cross-cultural interaction of social class disposition which lead to the reproduction or transformation of social structure (Hodkinson, 2008; Reay, 2004b; Robbins, 2004). Bourdieu neither objectivist nor subjectivist. He believes in the importance of both ‘social structure’ and ‘mental structure’ to explore a social study (Wacquant, 1998). As a response to both paradigms, he established a trilogy concept of habitus, capital and field that explained social practices in analysing of social reality (Suminar, 2013; Wacquant, 1998). He argues Marxists perspective on education and the relationship between educational opportunity and class background (Robbins, 2004). Marxists claim that the main role of education was the reproduction of the same generation of social class and working class (Bauer & Gaskell, 1999; Otto, 2015). However, Bourdieu believes that education as a part of looking forward strategy to everyone as an opportunity to get qualification and the capacity to move forward (Robbins, 2004). Bourdieu conducted many empirical research to test his “Theory of Practice” which ties all the three concepts together (Suminar, 2013). To this point, Bourdieu thought is towards a solidarity in society. In this essay, I will discuss further on Bourdieu’s theory of practice which is widely used in social study. Bourdieu...
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...Size Six: The Western Women's Harem Fatema Mernissi Ode Magazine August 2003 issue http://www.odemagazine.com/doc/6/size_six_the_western_women_s_harem/ Fatema Mernissi was born in a harem, but her female counterparts in the West suffer an even harsher fate. An eye-opening new perspective on gender roles and the male-domination of the multi-billion dollar fashion industry. Fatema Mernissi | August 2003 issue ‘I was born in a harem.’ That sentence marked the beginning of Fatema Mernissi’s first book. In the West, it provokes a smile, but Mernissi herself finds it hard to appreciate this reaction. The Western image of a harem differs from the Eastern reality. A harem is not a magical place with beautiful women, but a prison in which women are repressed, and men confronted with rebellious lovers aiming to spoil their sexual romps. In real harems fear reigns among the women while doubts plague the men. It is anything but paradise. In her fourth book, ‘Le Harem et l’Occident’, Mernissi, a Moroccan sociologist, examines the Western smile at the word ‘harem’. She writes about the suppression of women, sex objects, shame, sexual desires and cultural and religious concepts. Mernissi concludes that Western women are not much better off than their veiled sisters in the East. It was during my unsuccessful attempt to buy a cotton skirt in an American department store that I was told my hips were too large to fit into a size six. That day I stumbled onto one of the keys to the...
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...Terese Wilhelmsen Master’s thesis PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF CHILDREN Exploring how intergenerational transfer of habitus frame boys and girls opportunity to generate and negotiate physical activity within their everyday life. NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management Department of Sociology and Political Science Master’s thesis in Sport Science Trondheim, January 2012 Terese Wilhelmsen PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF CHILDREN Exploring how intergenerational transfer of habitus frame boys and girls opportunity to generate and negotiate physical activity within their everyday life. Master in Sport Science Department of Sociology and Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU Trondheim, Norway. 1 ABSTRACT Several indicators of social background and gender expectations are found to have an important impact on children’s physical activity patterns, yet few studies have explored intergenerational transfer of habitus through the use of triangulation of methods. The aim of this study is to explore how intergenerational transfer of habitus frames children’s opportunit to generate and negotiate physical activity in their everyday life. This is done by examining the relationship between children’s physical activity pattern’s and: parental capital, parental perception of gender appropriate...
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...The impact of Cultural Capital on advertisement Class Professor *** Name Date Overview The French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu first proposed the concept of cultural capital. Since the 1980s, social capital has become a popular concept in many disciplines concerned and analysis of important starting point. Hofstede (1980) published a study in the field of cultural significance of the research results. In 1980s, scholars did a large number of cross-cultural consumer behavior based Hofstede’s cultural construct. After the 1990s, globalization and technological revolution in the joint action, cultural issues in all areas of marketing, reflected in all directions, the impact of cultural capital on advertisement journals were seen everywhere. "Advertising." The word of foreign origin, derived from the Latin word “Adteurture”; its basic meaning is the meaning of attention and induce the latter evolved into the English language “Advertise”. In recent years, advertising fills of people’s lives. From the television’s ads, newspaper’s ads, outdoor walls’ ads, to the network, advertising are seen every where. But in different cultural background, consumer values, consumption patterns and consumer behavior are different. Cultural capital has a deep impact on advertising, which cannot be ignored. Today's society is in economic globalization; all the advertising companies cannot separate from cultural capital. We need to know when planning to advertise the nation's culture, and...
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...The social reproduction theory focuses on the schools effort to reproduce the existing social and economic inequalities. In regards to that it also “focuses on the state or society and its need for certain kinds of labor in a capitalist economy.” (Evans, pg. 138) This theory fails to address how they sort the students to the classes they belong in and how social inequality receives contribution from the school. Along with that, it doesn’t acknowledge human action and agency and ignores teaching, learning, curriculum enactment and student teacher interaction.” (Evans, pg. 173) I personally don’t like the fact how some children in the 9X group are academically able to do the same work as 9A children but aren’t put in there. They’re also not fought hard enough for but there are some teachers that did take that factor into consideration to try and help them. Many of the students that are in the 9X category are from not getting a high score on the CXC examination. Many of them also come from low socioeconomic families, to where the assumption is drawn that, tat is how the child may become. Teachers who taught 9X students put blame on the social status of living. Stated here, “They attributed the disruptiveness and restlessness of students mainly to their social background and to the communities in which they lived and secondarily to factors within the school, factors over which they as teachers exercised some control. Cultural Reproduction Theory addresses many topics...
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...Sociology November 15th 56 Up Throughout a lifetime, one may not realize all the changes that take place; however, Michael Apted managed to record the many changes an individual goes through and turn it in to his documentary, 56 Up. This documentary is about the lives of the same group of people over the course of 56 years. The interviews started when they were 7, and then they continued every seven years. The final interview takes place when they are all 56 years old. 56 Up contains many sociological terms, such as the various types of social mobility. To begin, one sociological term used in this documentary is social mobility. 56 Up represents many of the types of mobility with the subjects. First, Sue shows intragenerational mobility. Sue is a woman who at 56 works in the administration department of a big university in London, despite never going to college. Typically, women with no education are in a lower class; however, Sue moved up within her lifetime, which demonstrates intragenerational mobility. Along with this, Sue experienced vertical mobility. Sue experienced vertical mobility within her job changes. Her part time jobs were viewed as lower than her administrative job now. Paul, on the other hand, started in a lower class. He lived in a children’s home and never went to college. His daughter, Katie, was the first in the family to ever attend a university. This shows intergenerational mobility because going to college and getting a good education could lead...
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...In our selection from Bourdieu’s The Economy of Practices we are presented with an extremely insightful analysis of social classification. We are also afforded with a more explicit rendering of the mysterious habitus. Bourdieu explains that the habitus is both structured and structuring. We internalize the divisions inherent in the social order and then reproduce them through our acts of perceiving, thinking, and acting in the world. Bourdieu emphasizes both that we cannot really become conscious of the habitus and that it operates on a symbolic plane. Habitus is that which connects bodily inputs and bodily outputs. According to Bourdieu taste is a product of the habitus. Taste functions as a system of classificatory schemes. Taste, and not...
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...Bourdieus theory of taste According to Bour- dieu, different social classes distinguish themselves from each other through displays of cultural capital or taste. For Bourdieu, the social world consists of various, semi-autonomous fields (such as the field of politics, arts, education or religion) in which actors draw on a range of resources as a way of competing for status (symbolic capital). These resources may be economic, social or cultural. Habitus is defined as: . . . systems of durable, transposable dispositions, structured structures predisposed to function as structuring structures, that is, as principles which generate and organise practices and representations that can be objectively adapted to their outcomes without presupposing a conscious aiming at ends or an express mastery of the operations necessary in order to attain them. (Bourdieu, 1990a: 53) Moreover, he uses the concept of ‘practice’ as a way of injecting notions of accomplishment, strategy and skill into objective structural assumptions about power and class. In his discussion of cultural lifestyle and taste, Bourdieu set out implicitly to repudiate the Kantian approach to aesthetics which suggested that high cultural objects had some kind of intrinsic quality and worth and that aesthetic judgement was somehow ‘disinterested’. Rather, he wanted to show that cultural taste was socially structured and reflected an individual’s position in the social hierarchy. Cultural capital may be...
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...ARTICLE REPRINT Design Management Journal Toward meaningful brand experiences David W. Norton, PhD, Vice President, Experience Strategy and Research, Yamamoto Moss Reprint #03141NOR19 This article was first published in Design Management Journal Vol. 14, No. 1 Brand Frontiers: Designing More Than Experiences Copyright © Winter 2003 by the Design Management Institute . All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission. To place an order or receive photocopy permission, contact DMI via phone at (617) 338-6380, Fax (617) 338-6570, or E-mail: dmistaff@dmi.org. The Design Management Institute, DMI, and the design mark are service marks of the Design Management Institute. SM www.dmi.org EXECUTIVE PERSPECTIVE Toward meaningful brand experiences By David W. Norton, PhD Millennial '90s '80s Meaningful experiences Brand truth Brand experience Brand image Successful brand strategies Meaningful brand experiences Experiential customer encounters Products & services with personality Design solutions Experiences Products & services Evolution in consumer demand R eflecting on the past 20 years, David Norton discovers a fascinating evolution. In the ’80s, increased consumption paralleled the focus on brands and branding. We were what we bought. The cost, however, was a decline in cultural wealth. In the ’90s, brands became experiences rather than objects. Today, seeking to renew cultural capital, the challenge...
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...Hypothesis: Social Mobility Demetria Hooks Profess, Bridgett Hester Sociology 100 Strayer University June 7, 2014 Children from less wealthy families appear to support the work hard hypothesis. This is the hypothesis that asserts that hard work in school can overcome all the disadvantages associated with poverty. These are attributed to the lower economic status in people who are found to achieve a social mobility in improving their literacy, education, health status and social status (Mayer, 2012). Single- parent families are at greater risk of economic hardship than two- parent families, largely because the latter has twice the earning potential. Upper-income families can invest more in their children’s education and they may have a better understanding of what it takes to get a good education. Some of the causes of America’s mobility problems are the topics of dispute — starting with the debates over poverty, mostly in the United States they maintain a thinner safety net than other rich countries don’t, leaving more children vulnerable to debilitating hardships. The work hard hypothesis is supported by the above case. The status of women in the early nineteenth century was at once subservient and exalted. In other words, the culture womanhood requested that women become a “hostage in the home,” it was better for her “to pray than think,” submission was “perhaps the most feminine virtue” of them all, and to be domestic was, in effect, to be...
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...Analysis of the Impacts of Tate Modern’s Economic Prosperity ABSTRACT Tate Modern is a leading museum in UK. Since its inception in the year 2000, the museum has faced a major regeneration phase. In addition to that, the museum has attracted millions of people within its confines. It has also grown massively affecting the community around it. This analysis aims at looking at what has been the impact of Tate’s prosperity .At this point, it’s worth noting that due to lack of capital resources, most museums undergo little or no progress. However, this is not the case with Tate Modern which has largely grown in size and rebranded its entire community The Stage recently reported (Merrifield, 2012) that local councils in the UK have reduced funding for arts organizations by 40% over the last year. Under ‘related posts’ on the website, there are links to a July article warning of a 90% cut in local authority expenditure on the arts by the year 2020 (Smith, 2012); one reporting a 40% cut since 2008 (Smith, 2011); one reporting the withdrawal of funding by London councils (Woolman, 2011); and one reporting a rather flaccid warning against such cuts, issued by the Arts Council of England in 2010 (Woolman, 2010). Clearly the present economic climate is not favourable for arts and cultural activities in the UK, or elsewhere in the developed world, where the effects of the 2008 global banking crisis continue to be deeply felt. The stories published by The Stage suggest that, at a local...
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...Many things in the world have not been named; and many things, even if they have been named, have never been described. One of these is the sensibility -- unmistakably modern, a variant of sophistication but hardly identical with it -- that goes by the cult name of "Camp." A sensibility (as distinct from an idea) is one of the hardest things to talk about; but there are special reasons why Camp, in particular, has never been discussed. It is not a natural mode of sensibility, if there be any such. Indeed the essence of Camp is its love of the unnatural: of artifice and exaggeration. And Camp is esoteric -- something of a private code, a badge of identity even, among small urban cliques. Apart from a lazy two-page sketch in Christopher Isherwood's novel The World in the Evening (1954), it has hardly broken into print. To talk about Camp is therefore to betray it. If the betrayal can be defended, it will be for the edification it provides, or the dignity of the conflict it resolves. For myself, I plead the goal of self-edification, and the goad of a sharp conflict in my own sensibility. I am strongly drawn to Camp, and almost as strongly offended by it. That is why I want to talk about it, and why I can. For no one who wholeheartedly shares in a given sensibility can analyze it; he can only, whatever his intention, exhibit it. To name a sensibility, to draw its contours and to recount its history, requires a deep sympathy modified by revulsion. Though I am speaking about sensibility...
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...The New World Encyclopedia defines social mobility as “the movement of the members of a particular society in terms of their social status, usually defined in terms of occupation and income (vertical mobility), or from one social group to another, not necessarily with concomitant change in social position(horizontal mobility)”. Generally social mobility looks at the level in which a person family or a group social status can change within the timeframe of a person life Social mobility can also relate the level to which an person family member move up and down the social group. A person or their family can move up or down the social groups based on their accomplishments and sometimes other reasons that may be out of their power. Some factors that may changes a person social mobility could a person educational background, a person income level, a person occupation or a person status within the society. An upward mobility indicates a person moving from one social class to a higher social class. A downward mobility indicates a person have lowered his or her living standards. As I begin to look over my family past, I can see a noticeable change that has occurred over the generations. I begin to realize my family’s journey overtime and how far we have come. My parents are now retired from their jobs that they have worked for many of years. My brother and I are still working; however we of us have realized that things have changed with time. The changes that we have experienced...
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