...a government entity Government to Business (G2B) E-Commerce G2B Occurs when a government entity sells products and services to business. Government To consumer (G2C) E-Commerce G2C refers to the electronic commerce activities performed between a government and its citizens or consumers including paying taxes, registering vehicles, providing information and services, and so on. Government To Government (G2G) E-Commerce G2G refers to the electronic commerce activities performed within a nation’s government. The E-Commerce business models that match Mobitel are as follows: Business to Consumer The B2C model involves transactions between business organizations and consumers. It applies to any business organization that sells its products or services to consumers over the Internet. These Mobitel displays its product information in an online catalogue and store it in a database. Business to Business The B2B model involves electronic transactions for ordering, purchasing, as well...
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...4.1 There are various models of change from Lewin’s change management model developed in 1950 to John Fishers Change transition model. Most change models that have been developed over time take into account a series of principals and steps that should be considered when managing change: Understand the individuals’ perspectives and reactions to change and how these can be influenced through effective change planning and communication, support, involvement, incentivisation Understand group dynamics in the context in which the influence and interactions in a group are stronger than individual influence; same techniques of good and planned communication, support, involvement and reward and pro-actively building a change culture in the organisation can be used to drive chance. For example Lewin’s Change Management model created in the 1950’s noted that the majority of people tend to prefer and operate within certain zones of safety. He recognized three stages of change: 1. Unfreeze – Most people make an active effort to resist change. In order to overcome this tendency, a period of thawing or unfreezing must be initiated through motivation. 2. Transition – Once change is initiated, the company moves into a transition period, which may last for some time. Adequate leadership and reassurance is necessary for the process to be successful. 3. Refreeze – After change has been accepted and successfully implemented, the company becomes stable again, and staff refreezes as they...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0309-0590.htm PERSPECTIVE ON PRACTICE Evaluation of training in organisations: a proposal for an integrated model Pilar Pineda ´ Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Abstract Purpose – Training is a key strategy for human resources development and in achieving organisational objectives. Organisations and public authorities invest large amounts of resources in training, but rarely have the data to show the results of that investment. Only a few organisations evaluate training in depth due to the difficulty involved and the lack of valid instruments and viable models. The purpose of this paper is to present an evaluation model that has been successfully applied in the Spanish context that integrates all training dimensions and effects, to act as a global tool for organisations. The model analyses satisfaction, learning, pedagogical aspects, transfer, impact and profitability of training, and is therefore a global model. Design/methodology/approach – The paper’s approach is theoretical, and the methodology used involves a review of previous evaluation models and their improvement by comparing their application in practice. Findings – An analysis of pedagogical aspects enables training professionals to improve training quality, as they are able to identify any weaknesses in elements, such as training design, needs analysis and training implementation, and improve on...
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...The far-reaching implications of a new revenue model Highlights Management should evaluate existing business practices under the new model, including how product or service offerings are bundled and priced, and begin assessing the need to negotiate revised contract terms. Industry-specific accounting guidance will be eliminated under the new model and “industry practice” will need to be re-evaluated. Estimates that are required to apply the new model will often require the use of greater judgment and may necessitate process or system changes. Companies should begin assessing the impact of the changes and the adequacy of their resources, systems, and processes to address the new requirements. on the future of revenue recognition Revenue, or the “top line,” is one of the most closely-monitored measures in financial statements. However, the accounting rules for revenue can be difficult to decipher. US revenue guidance today is a tangled web of special rules and exceptions created to address unique transactions, industries, and business models. The FASB and IASB are in the process of replacing this labyrinth of revenue guidance with a new global accounting standard that will apply a single set of principles to all revenue transactions, regardless of industry. Their proposed standard, issued in June 2010, received extensive feedback, which the boards have discussed at length during the first half of 2011. Now that they’ve completed their initial redeliberations and decided to...
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.......................4 1.1 Discuss the nature of data and information......................................................4 1.2 Evaluate relevant sources of data and information..........................................4 1.3 Discuss the criteria for selection of data and information................................4 1.4 Identify the legal requirements relating to the collection, use and storage of data and information...............................................................................................4 Learning Outcome 2: Be able to analyse and present information to support decision making..........................................................................................................4 2.1 Evaluate the decision making models which are used to support decision making....................................................................................................................4 2.2 Identify those to be involved in analysing information and decision making..5 2.3 Evaluate methods of presenting decision made...............................................5 Learning Outcome 3: Be able to communicate the results of information analysis and decisions..............................................................................................................5 3.1 Evaluate methods of communicating decisions...
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...on the type of disadvantage run, and some are often combined into a single piece of evidence. A Unique Link card, for example, will include both a description of the status quo and the plan's effect on it. A traditional threshold DA, however, has a structure as follows: Uniqueness[edit] Uniqueness shows why the Impacts have not occurred yet or to a substantial extent and will uniquely occur with the adoption of either the Affirmative's plan or the Negative's counterplan. Example: If the negative team argues that the affirmative plan will result in nuclear proliferation, it would also argue that the status quo will avoid nuclear proliferation. If the Affirmative claims that nuclear proliferation is already occurring, the negative team could argue that adoption of the plan would result in a unique increase in nuclear proliferation. If the plan causes no net change in the rate of nuclear proliferation, the disadvantage is not unique to the plan, and therefore not relevant. External links[edit] For the disadvantage to have relevance in the round, the negative team must show that the affirmative plan causes the disadvantage that is claimed. If the DA stated that the plan takes money from the government, and the...
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...on the type of disadvantage run, and some are often combined into a single piece of evidence. A Unique Link card, for example, will include both a description of the status quo and the plan's effect on it. A traditional threshold DA, however, has a structure as follows: Uniqueness[edit] Uniqueness shows why the Impacts have not occurred yet or to a substantial extent and will uniquely occur with the adoption of either the Affirmative's plan or the Negative's counterplan. Example: If the negative team argues that the affirmative plan will result in nuclear proliferation, it would also argue that the status quo will avoid nuclear proliferation. If the Affirmative claims that nuclear proliferation is already occurring, the negative team could argue that adoption of the plan would result in a unique increase in nuclear proliferation. If the plan causes no net change in the rate of nuclear proliferation, the disadvantage is not unique to the plan, and therefore not relevant. External links[edit] For the disadvantage to have relevance in the round, the negative team must show that the affirmative plan causes the disadvantage that is claimed. If the DA stated that the plan takes money from the government, and the...
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...depending on the type of disadvantage run, and some are often combined into a single piece of evidence. A Unique Link card, for example, will include both a description of the status quo and the plan's effect on it. A traditional threshold DA, however, has a structure as follows: Uniqueness[edit] Uniqueness shows why the Impacts have not occurred yet or to a substantial extent and will uniquely occur with the adoption of either the Affirmative's plan or the Negative's counterplan. Example: If the negative team argues that the affirmative plan will result in nuclear proliferation, it would also argue that the status quo will avoid nuclear proliferation. If the Affirmative claims that nuclear proliferation is already occurring, the negative team could argue that adoption of the plan would result in a unique increase in nuclear proliferation. If the plan causes no net change in the rate of nuclear proliferation, the disadvantage is not unique to the plan, and therefore not relevant. External links[edit] For the disadvantage to have relevance in the round, the negative team must show that the affirmative plan causes the disadvantage that is claimed. If the DA stated that the plan takes money from the government, and the...
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...assessment is needed (Kaminer 2008). Pg. 99. Psychological problems go together with addiction. Addicted women are most likely to suffer from affective disorders such as depression and anxiety. Another treatment plans the “Relapse Prevention Model” (RP) is the model that I will use with Anna. The Relapse Prevention (RP) model is one of the most well-known models used to prevent or manage relapse. It is an approach based on cognitive-behavioral theory and includes aspects of social learning theory, (Marlatt & Gordon, 1985). Anna’s individual treatment plan for her short-term goals and building skills needs prevention teen pregnancy and of STD’s disease. Once Anna gets released from the juvenile system, the focus will be for her to finish high school. I would have a list of scenarios that could lead to her relapse and have a plan for what Anna should do instead of drinking. Also, I will advise impotence of her taking a sex education class about teen pregnancy and STD’s...
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...4T12 Project FEASIBILITY STUDY GUIDELINE This guideline is to be used in preparing a feasibility study for major projects. This is different to the work carried out in the Infrastructure Planning examined in Module 2 because we are now concerned with the details of a particular project as opposed to the overall planning of a whole multi-year infrastructure programme. The term “feasibility study” is used as a convenient description for the output for the work done, users of this toolkit should not apply preconceived notions of what a feasibility study consists of. Stated as simply as possible, the work done here must show that the project: ➢ is in accordance with predetermined needs; ➢ is the most suitable technical solution to the needs; ➢ can be implemented within any capacity constraints of the Institution which operates; ➢ has been subject to a due diligence that shows it is legally, physically and socially compliant; ➢ is fully costed over the whole life of the project; ➢ has taken due cognisance of the risks associated with its whole life cycle; and ➢ is affordable to the institution responsible for the project in the context of the available budget; The feasibility study guideline set out below is for a comprehensive document that, in many instances simply uses information already collected and set out as part of the steps carried out by the Institution. That said it is necessary to create a study that creates a holistic justification...
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...many studies on the determinants of Canadian health care expenditures. In Livio Di Matteo and Rosanna Di Matteo (1998), they used a pooled time-series cross-section model and provincial data over the period 1965-1991 to examine the determinants of real per capita provincial government health expenditure, finding that the real per capita provincial government health expenditures were positively and significantly affected by real provincial per capita income, the...
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...Framework Extension tools are available on Framework Web site. Release Date Description 30-May-2008 Version 1.1 released. Modified all references to “Project Plan and related plans” to “Project Plan” in order to align with Framework 2.0 and Change Request 38. 25-Sep-2007 Version 1.0 – System Development Life Cycle Guide released. DIR Document 25GU-1-1 ii Texas Project Delivery Framework SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE GUIDE Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 Use of the System Development Life Cycle Guide ....................................................................2 Section 1. System Life Cycle Processes...................................................................................3 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................3 1.2 System Life Cycle Processes and the Organization ........................................4 Section 2. Development Process ..............................................................................................5 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................5 2.2 System Development Life Cycle Models .........................................................6 Section 3. System Development Life Cycle Activities ................................................
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...becoming clearer. It is a future of more capital, more liquidity and less risk. And, inevitably, it is a future with lower returns on capital, higher costs of doing business and slower growth with ultimate effects to be felt by shareholders and end consumers. Greater scrutiny by investors, regulators and other stakeholders regarding balance sheet usage is also expected. Basel III is set to redraw the banking landscape. It will have a profound impact PwC (US) on profitability and force many banks to +1 (646) 471 5257 transform their business models. It will fernando.de.la.mora@us.pwc.com also require firms to undertake significant process and system changes. Fernando De La Mora challenges but also keep abreast of the competition. The markets have already started to price Basel III impact. As shown in Figure 1, the credit default swap (CDS) market already pays more attention to banks’ pro-forma capital adequacy levels under Basel III rather than to the current standards. As the equity markets better understand the return on equity (ROE) impact of new standards and bank strategies become more clearly articulated, investors will be in a better position to analyse and compare risk-adjusted performance and thus to drive stock valuation differences in due course. Recent US Federal Reserve guidance requiring Basel III pro-forma analysis to restore dividend and buyback programs is another sign that Basel III is here.1 Chris Matten PwC (Singapore) +65 6236 3878 chris.matten@sg.pwc...
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...human resource a strategic function – the different between personnel management and HRM clearly indicates that HR is a strategic fucntion which proves that it is a strategic function • Models given by different authors demostrating HR as a strategic function – Matching model, resources based model, harvard model, guest model (make your own choice to use and apply model in the report) • Importance or significance of SHRM for organisation briefly. • Assess the purpose of Strategic Human resource activities • Explain different levels of stratregies – corporate, business and functional strategies and then discuss that the purpose of strategic HR function is to establishes the right practices which lead organisation towards its goal. The strategic HRM’s role in change process. Explain it in the context of millenium hotel. • evaluating the contribution of SHRM • contribution can be evaluated by using different model/appraoches such as Benchmarking, balanced scorecard, contribution towards competitive advantage, contribution towards added value, surveys etc. (you don’t need to use all of them however you can pick any one/two of them and explain and apply them on milleium hotel) Learning Outcome 2: Be able to develop human resource plans for an organisation. (HR plan for the expansion of Millennium Hotel) Task 2: • Identify and analyze the factors underpin HRP...
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...A Meta-Analysis of the Economic Impacts of Climate Change Policy in the United States Adam Rose* and Noah Dormady** This paper provides a meta-analysis of a broad set of recent studies of the economic impacts of climate change mitigation policies. It evaluates the infiuences of the impacts of causal factors, key economic assumptions and macroeconomic linkages on the outcome of these studies. A quantité regression analysis is also performed on the meta sample, to evaluate the robustness of those key factors throughout the full range of macro findings. Results of these analyses suggest that study results are strongly driven by data inputs, economic assumptions and modeling approaches. However, they are sometimes affected in counterintuitive ways. 1. INTRODUCTION The macroeconomic impacts of climate change mitigation policies are controversial among both scholars and the policy-making community. Results range from predictions of severe economic harm to significant overall economic gains. Given the unresolved nature of this debate, this paper seeks to shed light on it by evaluating a wide range of macroeconomic studies through a metaanalytic approach. Meta-analysis is a method for evaluating a cross-section of studies on a given topic, and evaluating the impacts of assumptions, input variables and modeling approaches on the overall findings of the studies. In essence, meta-analysis is a study of studies (Borenstein et al., 2009; Lipsey and Wilson 2001). The Energy...
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